XI. Найдите в третьем абзаце придаточное предложение с бессоюзной связью, определите его тип и переведите его на русский язык.
XII. Переведите следующие сложноподчиненные предложения, обращая внимание на придаточные определительные предложения с бессоюзной связью:
1. Metals we apply for industrial purposes are called engineering metals.
2. The application of metals is based upon the properties they possess.
3. The tensile strength of the castings we produce using the Whiteheart method is about 25 tons per square inch.
4. Hardness of metals depends upon other elements they may contain.
XIII. Переведите текст с учетом выполненных заданий. Второй абзац переведите письменно:
1. Steel by definition is an alloy of iron and carbon, with the carbon being restricted within certain concentration limits ( as a rule, up to 2.14%). It is known that the word "steel" is a part of everyone's vocabulary, and as a metal it is taken for granted. Our automobiles, tools and buildings are said to all rely on steel for their manufacture.
2. As a structural material steel has two drawbacks: its weight and its susceptibility to rust. Yet steel has long been used, and in great quantities, in structural applications. This is because of many advantages of steel. It is superior to other structural materials in strength, toughness, workability and other properties that are critical for such applications.
3
.
There are two kinds of steel: carbon and alloy steel. Carbon steel
should contain only iron and carbon without any other alloying
elements and is divided into:
a) machine steel with a low carbon content from 0.05 to 0.15 per cent;
b) medium carbon steel with a carbon content from 0.15 to 0.6 per cent;
c) high carbon steel containing from 0.6 to 1.5 per cent carbon; this steel is sometimes called "tool steel".
4. Carbon steels are the most common steels used in industry. Their properties are known to depend only on the percentage of carbon they contain. Machine steels are said to be very soft and can be used for making machine parts that do not need strength. Medium carbon steels are stated to be better grade and stronger than machine steels. Tool steel can be used for producing cutting tools and working parts of machines because of its high strength and hardness.
XIV. Составьте аннотацию текста.
Text 5 Alloy Steels
Просмотрите текст и выполните следующие задания.
I. Используя специализированный англо-русский словарь по технологии машиностроения и металлообработке, переведите следующие слова и словосочетания и запомните их:
high-speed steel
self-hardening steel
heat-resistant steel
stainless steel
shock resistant
vibration resistant
manganese
tungsten
II. Выпишите из третьего абзаца именные группы и переведите их, обращая внимание на перевод слов в функции определения.
III. Укажите способ словообразования следующих слов и переведите их на русский язык:
percentage, stainless, passivity, fairly, conductor, conductivity, desirable
IV. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, уточнив и подобрав с помощью обычного англо-русского словаря правильные значения существительных "addition" и "turn":
In addition to carbon an alloying element is present.
In addition, malleable iron is the most easily machined.
He asked each of us in turn.
They are divided into special alloy steels and high-speed steels which, in turn, are also called self-hardening steels.
V. Используя обычный англо-русский словарь, переведите выражение "to have a definite effect" и запомните его.
VI. Проверьте по англо-русскому словарю значения слова "since" и запишите их в свои словари.
VII. Выпишите из первого абзаца предложения со словом 'that", определите его функции и переведите предложения на русский язык.
VIII. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции "that (those)":
1. That method of treatment is very effective.
2. Hardness is the property of metals that can be defined as resistance to wear.
3. The properties of alloys are much better than those of pure metals.
4. Alloy steels are those in which in addition to carbon an alloying element is present.
5. One must know that steel is a ferrous material with some carbon content.
IX. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, предварительно повторив степени сравнения прилагательных. Помните, что русская сравнительная степень после сочетаний в два раза, в три раза и т.д. передается в английском языке прилагательным в положительной степени, стоящим между as … as:
1. Petrol is twice as expensive as it was a few years ago.
2. Their house is about three times as big as ours.
3. Prices have increased by as much as 300 per cent.
4. This box is three times as heavy as that.
X. Найдите в тексте предложения с оборотом "сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом" и переведите их письменно.
XI. Трансформируйте следующие предложения, используя оборот "сложное подлежащее с инфинитивом":
1. It is expected that the new alloy will be used for the working parts of machines.
2. It is known that alloying elements influence the mechanical properties of steel.
3. It seems that these castings need greater strength and better wearing qualities.
4. It has been proved that adding some tungsten and molybdenum improves heat resistance of steel.