TENSE FORMS - TABLES!!!

TENSE FORMS TABLE

ACTIVE VOICE

P

R

E

S

E

N

T

SIMPLE

CONTINUOUS

PERFECT

PERFECT CONTINUOUS

“+ “ SUBJECT + V/V+S (he, she, it) …

I go to the swimming pool every day. My mother works 5 days a week.

“-” SUBJECT + DO NOT/DOES NOT (he, she, it) + V …

I don’t go to the swimming pool every day. My mother doesn’t work 5 days a week.

“?” DO/DOES (he, she, it) +“ SUBJECT +V…?

Do you go to the swimming pool every day? Does your mother work five days a week?

• CUSTOMARY, REPEATED ACTIONS

• ACTING AND STATES CHARACTERISING A PERSON

• UNIVERSAL TRUTH

• ACTIONS GOIND ON AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING (WITH VERBS NOT ADMITTING OF THE CONTINUOUS FORM)

• TIMETABLE OF VEHICLES,PERFORMANCES, CLASSES, ETC

• IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSE OF TIME AND CONDITION

• WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBS

“+ “ SUBJECT + TO BE in the Present +V/V+ing …

I am looking at the sky now. My mother is washing up.

“-” SUBJECT + AM NOT(I) /IS NOT(he, she, it) /ARE NOT (you, they, we) + V ing…

I am not looking at the sky now

My mother isn’t washing up.

“?” AM (I) /IS (he, she, it) /ARE (you, they, we)+“ SUBJECT +Ving…?

Are you looking at the sky now?

Is your mother washing up?

• ACTIONS AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING

• ACTIONS FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME IN THE PRESENT

• A PLANNED ACTION IN THE FUTURE

• IN THE SENTENCES WITH ‘ALWAYS’ WITH THE NEGATIVE MEANING

• TO GIVE NOT TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PEOPLE AND THINGS

• TO SHOW THE PROCESS OF A CHANGING OR DEVELOPING SITUATION

• WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBS

“+ “ SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS (he, she, it) + V3/Ved…

Kate has just read this book. We have already cleaned our flat.

“-” SUBJECT + HAVE NOT/HAS NOT (he, she, it) + V3/Ved …

Kate has not read this book. We have not cleaned our flat.

“?” HAVE/HAS (he, she, it) +“ SUBJECT + V3/Ved …?

Has Kate read the book? Have they cleaned their flat?

• ACTION WAS IN THE PAST , BUT WE SEE THE RESULT OF IT IN THE PRESENT

• ACTION STARTED IN THE PAST AND IS STILL GOING ON

• WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBS

  Ever	Когда-либо
  Never	Никогда
  Just	Только что
  Already	Уже
  Yet	“-”еще не ; “?”уже
  Recently	Недавно
  Lately	Недавно
  This month, year, etc.	В этом месяце, году и т.д.
  Today	Сегодня

• WITH THE FOLLOWING PREPOSITIONS

SINCE (A CERTAIN MOMENT IN THE PAST)

Since 1999; since I was a child;

FOR (A PERIOD OF TIME)

For a week; for a month; for 5 years;

“+ “ SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS (he, she, it)+ BEEN + Ving…

I have been working at the problem for three years. He has been speaking over the telephone long enough.

“-” SUBJECT + HAVE NOT/HAS NOT (he, she, it) + BEEN+ Ving …

I haven’t been working at the problem for three years. He hasn’t been speaking over the telephone long enough.

“?” HAVE/HAS (he, she, it) + SUBJECT +BEEN + Ving …?

Have you been working at the problem for three years? Has he been speaking over the telephone long enough?

• ACTION BEGAN BEFORE THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING AND CONTINUING INTO IT

• ACTION BEGAN IN THE PAST CONTINUED UP TO THE PRESENT BUT NO LONGER GOING ON

NB! Sometimes Present Perfect can be used instead of Present Perfect Continuous in the same meaning:

1. I have lived here for 5 years.

2. I have been living here for 5 years.

Present Perfect is used instead of Present Perfect Continuous with the stative verbs:

1. They have known each other for ages.

P

A

S

T

“+ “ SUBJECT + Ved/V2 …

I went to the swimming pool yesterday. My mother worked 5 days last week.

“-” SUBJECT + DID NOT + V …

I didn’t go to the swimming pool yesterday . My mother didn’t work 5 days last week.

“?” DID +“ SUBJECT +V…?

Did you go to the swimming pool yesterday? Did your mother work five days last week?

• ACTION COMPLETED IN THE PAST

• A SERIES OF ACTIONS COMPLETED IN THE PAST

• WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBS

“+ “ SUBJECT + TO BE in the Past + V+ing …

We were looking at the sky. My mother was washing up.

“-” SUBJECT + WAS NOT(I, he, she, it,) /WERE NOT(we, they, you) + V ing…

We were not looking at the sky. My mother was not washing up.

“?” WAS (I, he, she, it, ) /WERE (you, they, we) + SUBJECT +Ving…?

Were they looking at the sky? Was your mother was washing up?

• ACTIONS AT THE MOMENT OF SPEAKING IN THE PAST

• ACTIONS FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME IN THE PAST

• SEQUENCE OF TENSES

• WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBS

“+ “ SUBJECT + HAD + V3/Ved…

Kate was reading the book that she had bought two days ago.

“-” SUBJECT + HAD NOT + V3/Ved …

Kate was reading the book that she had not bought two days ago. Her mother had bought it.

“?” HAD +“ SUBJECT + V3/Ved …?

Had you read this book before you started a new one?

• ACTION COMPLETED BEFORE A CERTAIN MOMENT IN THE PAST (INDICATED BY THE ADVERBIAL PHRASE OR ANOTHER PAST ACTION)

• IT IS OBVIOUS FROM THE SITUATION

• SEQUENSE OF TENSES

• WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBS

NB! Inversion appears there:

Hardly/scarcely had she laid the table when she heard the telephone ring.

Some ten minutes had no sooner passed than it stopped raining and the sun appeared in the cloudless sky again.

“+ “ SUBJECT + HAD + BEEN + Ving…

He had been working too much and he was tired.

“-” SUBJECT + HAD NOT + BEEN+ Ving …

He hadn’t been working too much and he wasn’t tired.

“?” HAD +“ SUBJECT +BEEN + Ving …?

Had he been working too much and was he tired?

• ACTION BEGAN BEFORE A DEFINITE MOMENT IN THE PAST, CONTINUED UP TO THAT PAST MOMENT, BUT NO LONGER GOING ON

• ACTION WAS IN PROGRESS JUST BEFORE A GIVEN PAST MOMENT AND IT AFFECTS THE PAST SITUATION IN SOME WAY

F

U

T

U

R

E

“+ “ SUBJECT + WILL+V …

I’ll go to the swimming pool tomorrow.

“-” SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WON’T) + V …

I won’t go to the swimming pool tomorrow

“?” WILL +“ SUBJECT +V…?

Will you go to the swimming pool tomorrow?

• REGULAR ACTION IN THE FUTURE

• ACTIONS THAT GO IN TURN IN THE FUTURE

• FACT THAT OCCUR WITHOUT ANY DOUBT IN THE FUTURE

• IN THE MAIN PART OF A COMPLEX SENTENSE WITH A SUBORDINATE CLAUSE OF TIME AND CONDITION

• PREDICTIONS; PROMISES; REFUSALS; REQUESTS

• WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBS

“+ “ SUBJECT + WILL + BE +V+ing …

I’ll be translating this article from 4 till 6 tomorrow.

“-” SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WON’T) + BE+ V ing…

I’ll not be translating this article from 4 till 6 tomorrow.

“?” WILL + SUBJECT+ BE +Ving…?

Will you be translating this article from 4 till 6 tomorrow?

• THE ACTION OF THE PROCESS

• A PLANNED ACTION IN THE FUTURE

• STH WILL HAPPEN JUST NOW, INDEPENDENTLY, IN THE NATURAL CASE OF EVENTS

“+ “ SUBJECT + WILL + HAVE+V3/Ved…

We will have been married by next August.

“-” SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WON’T) + HAVE + V3/Ved …

We will not have married by next August.

“?” WILL+ SUBJECT + HAVE + V3/Ved …?

Will you have married by next August?

• A FUTURE EVENT FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF A LATER PERIOD

FUTURE

Certain period of

time in the Future

“+ “ SUBJECT + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + Ving…

By this time next year I’ll have been studying English for over 2 years..

“-” SUBJECT + WILL NOT (WONT)+ HAVE + BEEN+ Ving …

By this time next year I won’t have been studying English for over 2 years..

“?” WILL + SUBJECT + HAVE + BEEN + Ving …?

Will you have been studying English for over 2 years by this time next year?

• TO SHOW THE DURATION OF AN ACTION UP TO A CERTAIN TIME IN THE FUTURE

NB! This tense form is extremely seldom used in English.

F

U

T

U

R

E

I

N

T

H

E

P

A

S

T

“+ “ SUBJECT + WOULD+V …

She said she would go to the swimming pool the next day.

“-” SUBJECT + WOULD NOT + V …

She said she wouldn’t go to the swimming pool the next day.

“?” WOULD + SUBJECT + V…?

She asked me if I would go to the swimming pool the next day.

• SEQUENCE OF TENSES

• REPORTED SPEECH

“+ “ SUBJECT + WOULD + BE +V+ing …

He promised he would be translating that article from 4 till 6 the following Monday.

“-” SUBJECT + WOULD + NOT + BE+ V ing…

.He promised he wouldn’t be translating that article from 4 till 6 the following Monday.

“?” WOULD + SUBJECT+ BE +Ving…?

The professor wanted to know if he would be translating that article from 4 till 6 the following Monday.

• SEQUENCE OF TENSES

• REPORTED SPEECH

“+ “ SUBJECT + WOULD + HAVE+ BEEN + V3/Ved…

They promised they would have been married by the following August.

“-” SUBJECT + WOULD NOT + HAVE + BEEN + V3/Ved …

They promised they would not have been married by the following August.

“?” WOULD + SUBJECT + HAVE + BEEN+ V3/Ved …?

They were asked if they would have been married by the following August.

• SEQUENCE OF TENSES

• REPORTED SPEECH

“+ “ SUBJECT + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + Ving…

Mark assured us that by that time the following year he would have been studying English for over 2 years.

“-” SUBJECT + WOULD NOT + HAVE + BEEN+ Ving …

Mark assured us that by that time the following year he wouldn’t have been studying English for over 2 years.

“?” WOULD + SUBJECT + HAVE + BEEN + Ving …?

I asked Mark if he would have been studying English for over 2 years by that time the following year.

• SEQUENCE OF TENSES

• REPORTED SPEECH

TENSE FORMS TABLE

PASSIVE VOICE

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

FUTURE-IN-THE-PAST

SIMPLE

AM/IS/ARE + V3/Ved

New houses are built every year.

WAS/WERE + V3/Ved

A new house was built a year ago.

WII BE + V3/Ved

A new house will be built in a year.

WOULD BE + V3/Ved

The local authorities promised that a new house would be built in a year.

CONTINUOUS

AM/IS/ARE + BEING + V3/Ved

New houses are being built in our district now.

WAS/WERE + BEING + V3/Ved

A new house was being built in our district during 6 months last year.

-

-

PERFECT

HAVE/HAS + BEEN + V3/Ved

New houses have been built this year.

HAD + BEEN + V3/Ved

This new house had been built

before my family moved to it.

WILL + HAVE + BEEN + V3/Ved

A new house will have been built by the year of 2011.

WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + V3/Ved

The local authorities promised that a new house would have been built by the year of 2011.

PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

-

-

-

-

To see

Видеть

To feel

Чувствовать

To notice

Замечать

To hear

Слышать

To taste

Быть на вкус

To adore

Поклоняться

To care for

Нравиться что-то, интересоваться чем-то

To detest

Ненавидеть

To dislike

Не любить

To hate

Ненавидеть

To like

Любить, нравиться

To love

Любить

To respect

Уважать

To desire

Желать сильно

To want

Хотеть

To wish

Желать

To admire (to be of high opinion)

Одобрять

To appreciate

Ценить

To assume

Принимать

To believe (to consider)

Полагать

To doubt

Сомневаться

To imagine

Представлять, воображать

To know

Знать

To recognize

Узнавать

To recollect

Вспоминать

To recall

Вспоминать

To remember

Помнить

To trust

Доверять

To understand

Понимать

To be

Быть

To belong

Принадлежать

To consist

Состоять

To contain

Содержать

To depend

Зависеть

To deserve

Заслуживать

To differ

Отличаться

To have

Иметь

To include

Включать

To lack

Не хватать

To own

Владеть, обладать

To posses

Владеть, обладать

To agree

Соглашаться

To allow

Позволять, разрешать

To claim

Заявлять

To envy

Завидовать

To displease

Раздражать, сердить

To find

Искать, находить

To forbid

Запрещать

To forgive

Прощать

To mean

Иметь в виду, подразумевать

To object

Возражать

To prefer

Предпочитать

To prevent

Предотвращать

To seem

Казаться