- •I. Accounting General definition of accounting
- •The basis for the accounting process
- •A balance sheet
- •An income statement
- •The importance of the above two statements
- •1.General definition of accounting
- •2. The basis for the accounting process
- •3. A balance sheet
- •4. An income statement
- •5. The importance of the above two statements
- •Answer the questions:
- •Lexical exercises
- •Additional material text 1. The balance sheet
- •Text 2. What is accounting?
- •Text 3. Users of accounting information
- •Text 4. The development of the accounting thought
- •In 1440s they were ... Who developed accounting further as a result of information needs.
- •In the 19th century managers had to develop accounting systems ...
- •Text 5. Accounting
- •Notes to the text
- •Vocabulary Exercises
- •Text 6. Bookkeepers, accountants and controllers
- •Notes to the text:
- •Bookkeeping
- •Accounting
- •Text 7. Auditor and their report
- •Notes to the text:
- •Irregularity нарушение правил, неправильность
- •Auditing
- •Home reading Text 1. Assets and Liabilities
- •Active vocabulary
- •Investment interest – процент инвестиций
- •Questions to the text:
- •Vocabulary and grammar exercises
- •Text 2. Bookkeeping as Part of Accounting Cycle Active vocabulary
- •Accounting steps
- •Text 3. Accounting Information Active vocabulary
- •Questions to the text:
- •Vocabulary and grammar exercises to the text
- •Lexical test
- •Grammar test (№3, 4 к.Р.)
- •II. Banking text 1. Introduction to banking and financial markets
- •Active vocabulary
- •Vocabulary and grammar exercises
- •Liquidity
- •Text 2.Types of banks
- •Words to be remembered
- •Lexical exercises
- •Text 3. Commercial banking
- •Grammar test (к.Р. №1,2,3) banking
- •Lexical test Borrowing and Lending
- •Грамматический справочник
- •3 Контрольная работа
- •I. Многофункциональность глагола to be.
- •II. Многофункциональность глагола to have
- •III. Значение слов it, that/those, one.
- •Инфинитив. (Infinitive)
- •Инфинитив в предложении
- •Неопределенной формой глагола
- •Существительным
- •Придаточным предложением с союзами «что», «чтобы» Герундий (Gerund)
- •Примеры функции герундия в предложении
- •Причастие I (Participle I)
- •Способы перевода причастия I на русский язык
- •3. Части сказуемого
- •Ving форма в начале предложения
- •Building
- •3 Контрольная работа
- •Control work n 4
- •Инфинитивные конструкции
- •II. Независимый и зависимый причастные обороты
- •Participle
- •Независимый причастный оборот
- •If the temperature is low, Если температура будет низкой,
- •4 Контрольная работа
Notes to the text:
Irregularity нарушение правил, неправильность
misappropriation незаконное присвоение
fraudulent обманный мошеннический
Exercise 1. Complete according to the text:
Auditors are….
These reviews are called…
Auditors are employed …
Currently outside audits are …
Auditor’s duty is …
Thus, auditors review …
Exercise 2. Fill in the missing phrases in the following sentences. Choose from the following:
agree with blame for caused by difference between in line with
insist on reason for refer to responsible for suspicious of
The auditor discovered that there was a ………… the cash book and the bank balance.
If the entries in the accounts are not clear, he can…….. the original invoices.
You must ……. an official signature on all large orders.
The auditor must check that the records are ….. .. the company requirements.
The auditor must ask the ….. any large discounts or allowances.
The auditor …….. checking the reason for any changes in the accounts.
The authorities will …… the auditor ……. any mistakes in the accounts.
The auditor must check that the purchase invoices ……. the entries in the Purchases Journal.
The auditor should be ……. any short-cut methods of correcting errors.
Mistakes may be …….. the wrong steps used in the original accounting process.
Exercise 3. Number the following words or expressions with their underlined equivalents in the text.
Auditing
Accuracy; Annual General Meeting; board of directors; checking; deficiencies; determine; deviations, directives; external; implemented; ratifies; shareholder (GB) or stockholders (US); standard operating procedures; subsidiaries; a synonym; transnational corporations
The traditional definition of auditing is a review and evaluation of financial records by a second set of accountants. An internal audit is a control by a company’s own accountants, checking for completeness (1) exactness and reliability. Among other things, internal auditors are looking for (2) departures from (3) a firm’s established methods for recording business transactions. In most countries, the law requires all firms to have their accounts audited by an outside company. An (4) independent audit is thus a review of financial statements and accounting records by an accountant not belonging to the firm. The auditors have to (5) judge whether the accounts give what in Britain is known as a “true and fair view” and in the US as a “fair presentation” of the company’s (corporation’s) financial position. Auditors are appointed by a company’s (6) most senior executives and advisors, whose choice has to be (7) approved by the (8) owners of the company’s equity at the (9) company’s yearly assembly. Auditors write an official audit report. They may also address a “management letter” to the directors, outlining (10) inadequacies and recommending improved operating procedures. This leads to the more recent use of the word “audit” as (11) an equivalent term for “control”.
(12) Multinational companies, for example, might undertake inventory, marketing, and technical audits. Auditing in this sense means (13) verifying that general management (14) instructions are being (15) executed in branches (16) companies which they control, etc.
Exercise 4.
Add appropriate words to these phrases:
Auditors … company’s accounts.
Accounts have to … a fair presentation.
Auditors write a …
It’s the directors who … the auditors.
Auditors sometimes … better accounting procedures.
Using external auditors is a … requirement.