- •Государственное образовательное учреждение
- •Высшего профессионального образования
- •«Челябинский государственный университет»
- •Методические указания по теме «Артикли»
- •(На английском языке)
- •Classification of nouns
- •The article
- •I. General notion
- •II. The use of articles with common nouns
- •Class nouns
- •Class nouns are used with the indefinite article:
- •Class nouns are used with the definite article:
- •How did you like the play?
- •2) Nouns of material
- •3) Abstract nouns
- •III. Use of articles with proper nouns
- •1) Names of persons
- •2) Geographical names
- •3) Names of Hotels, Ships, Newspapers, Magazines etc.
- •4) Names of Cardinal Points
- •5) Names of Months and Days
- •6) Names of historical periods, events
- •IV. Use of articles with nouns in set expressions
- •V. Use of articles in some syntactic relations
- •1) With predicative nouns
- •2) With nouns in apposition
- •3) Place of the article
- •VI. Special difficulties in the use of articles
- •1) With the nouns day, night, morning, evening
- •2) With names of seasons
- •3) With names of meals
- •4) With names of languages
- •5) With the nouns school, college, bed, prison, jail, court, university, church
- •6) With the noun town
- •VII. Use of articles with nouns modified by certain adjectives, pronouns and numerals
- •1) Most
- •2) Few, little
- •3) Two, three, etc.
- •4) Second, third, etc.
- •5) Another – the other
- •6) Last
- •7) Next
- •8) Number
- •VIII. Omission of the article
- •Additional exercises
- •Literature
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129
- •454021 Челябинск, ул. Молодогвардейцев, 57 б
Агентство по образованию Российской Федерации
Государственное образовательное учреждение
Высшего профессионального образования
«Челябинский государственный университет»
Методические указания по теме «Артикли»
(На английском языке)
Челябинск – 2005
Одобрено методическим советом факультета Евразии и Востока ЧелГУ.
Методические указания содержат теоретический материал и упражнения, направленные на усвоение студентами правил использования артиклей в английском языке.
Предназначены для самостоятельной работы студентов I-III курсов факультета Евразии и Востока.
Составитель к.ф.н., доцент В. Г. Будыкина
Рецензент ассистент кафедры английской филологии ЧГПУ Н.В. Подковырова
Classification of nouns
Nouns fall under two classes: 1) proper nouns; 2) common nouns.
1) Proper nouns are individual names given to separate persons or things. Proper noun may be personal names (Mary, Shakespeare), geographical names (Moscow, the Caucasus), the names of the months and of the days of the week (February, Monday), names of ships, hotels, clubs etc.
2) Common nouns are names that can be applied to any individual of a class of persons or things (man, dog, book), collections of similar individuals or things regarded as a single unit (peasantry, family), materials (snow, iron, cotton) or abstract notions (kindness, development).
Thus there are different groups of common nouns: a) class nouns, b) collective nouns, c) nouns of material and d) abstract nouns.
Nouns can also be classified from another point of view: nouns denoting things (the word thing is used in a broad sense) that can be counted are called countable nouns; nouns denoting things that cannot be counted are called uncountable nouns.
a) Class nouns denote persons or things belonging to a class. They are countable and have two numbers: singular and plural. They are generally used with an article.
b) Collective nouns denote a number or collection of similar individuals or things regarded as a single unit. Collective nouns fall under the following groups:
nouns used only in the singular and denoting a number of things collected
together and regarded as a single object: foliage, machinery;
nouns which are singular in form though plural in meaning: police, poultry,
cattle, people, gentry. They are usually called nouns of multitude. When the subject of the sentence is a noun of multitude the verb used as predicate is in the plural;
nouns that may be both singular and plural: family, crowd, fleet, nation. We
can think of a number of crowds, fleets or different nations as well as of a single crowd, fleet, etc.
c) Nouns of material denote material: iron, gold, paper, tea, water. They are uncountable and are generally used without any article (There was a scent of honey).
Nouns of material are used in the plural to denote different sorts of a given material (a quantity of select wines).
Nouns of material may turn into class nouns (thus becoming countable) when they come to express an individual object of definite shape (clean panes of glass – a glass of water).
d) Abstract nouns denote some quantity, state, action or idea: kindness, sadness, fight. They are usually uncountable (They gathered new courage), though some of them may be countable (I never had an idea… – people with fixed ideas).
Abstract nouns may change their meaning and become class nouns. This change is marked by the use of the article and of the plural number (beauty – a beauty – beauties, sight – a sight – sights).