I course lesson 8 Section 1. Grammar
Modal Verbs
1. Can (could) 2. To be able to |
5. To have to 6. Needn’t |
3. May. |
7. Should |
4. Must |
|
Can
Ex.1. Are the sentences True (T) or False (F)? Correct the false sentences.
Example: Cats can’t see in the dark. - F. Cats can see in the dark.
1. Cats can’t swim. |
______________ |
2. Dogs can’t climb trees. |
______________ |
3. Kangaroos can’t jump. |
______________ |
4. Tortoises can run fast. |
______________ |
5. Penguins can fly. |
______________ |
6. Parrots can speak. |
______________ |
7. Camels can walk for three months with no water. |
______________ |
8. Elephants can live until they are seventy. |
______________ |
Ex.2. Make the following sentences interrogative and answer them.
Example: She can read English.
Can she read English? - Yes, she can.
1. We can listen and hear with our ears.
____________________________
2. I can write only with my right hand.
____________________________
3. My brother can kick a ball with his foot.
____________________________
4. He can run 1500 metres in 5 minutes.
____________________________
5. Ducks can swim under the water.
____________________________
6. We can write the ABC.
____________________________
7. The kitten can lick with its tongue.
____________________________
8. You can smell with your nose.
____________________________
9. We can bite with our teeth.
____________________________
10. She can cook dishes of meat.
____________________________
Example: I can write with my left hand.
Can you write with your left hand? - No, I can’t.
1. The girl can speak French very well.
___________________________
2. I can type twenty words a minute.
___________________________
3. He can do this work himself.
___________________________
4. I can wait for a few minutes.
___________________________
5. Jack can run for two hours without stopping.
___________________________
6. Robert can play the piano.
___________________________
7. Dan can give you the book tomorrow.
___________________________
8. My dad can write with his left hand.
___________________________
9. She can finish the work next week.
___________________________
10. We can stand the frost well.
___________________________
Ex.3. Complete the questions with can and a suitable verb from the brackets.
Then match each question with an answer (use, speak, play, ride, see, make).
Example: 1. Can you play the piano?
1. _________________________ (you / the piano)?
2. _________________________ (you / any / foreign / languages)?
3. _________________________ (you / the guitar)?
4. _________________________ (you / mountains / from / your room)?
5. _________________________ (you / a computer)?
6. _________________________ (you / a cake)?
7. _________________________ (you / a motorbike)?
A: - No, I can’t, but I can type.
B: - Yes, I can. I like playing Chopin.
C: - Yes, I can. French and Spanish.
D: - No I can’t. I don’t like cooking.
E: - Yes we can. The view is wonderful.
F: - No, I can’t, but I can play the piano.
G: - No, I can’t. I think they are dangerous.
Could
Ex.1. Tell the group what you can do now that you couldn’t do some time ago.
Example: I couldn’t skate last winter, but now I can skate well.
1. repeat sentences after the recorded voice.
______________________________
2. read and speak two foreign languages.
_____________________________
3. play the guitar (the piano).
_____________________________
4. read foreign literature in the original.
____________________________
5. cook dishes of fish.
____________________________
6. go to the library with you.
____________________________
7. sew and knit myself.
____________________________
8. play chess.
____________________________
9. drive a car.
____________________________
10. buy a dictionary for you.
____________________________
To be able to do
Ex.1. Rewrite the sentences in the Future Simple Tense.
Example: I can see you later… (when you return).
I’ll be able to see you when you return.
1. Ann can cook well … (when she has had more practice).
____________________________________
2. She can’t believe you … (unless you tell her the truth).
____________________________________
3. Lena can speak English … (after she has had some lessons).
____________________________________
4. The people from the village can’t reach the house … (until it stops raining).
____________________________________
5. You can study medicine … (if you enter that college).
____________________________________
6. We can go swimming … (when it is warmer).
____________________________________
7. Jane can play the violin … (when her arm is better).
____________________________________
8. She can ring them up … (if she finds their telephone number).
____________________________________
9. They can work at school … (when they graduate from the Institute).
____________________________________
10. We can go on an excursion … (if we have spare time on Sunday).
____________________________________
Ex.2. Respond to these statements according to the example.
Example: They won’t be able to come to see us tomorrow.
And when will they be able to come?
1. She won’t be able to go to the theatre tomorrow.
_________________________________
2. Jill won’t be able to answer all the letters today.
_________________________________
3. I won’t be able to help you with English tonight.
_________________________________
4. They won’t be able to come back before dinner.
_________________________________
5. She won’t be able to buy a new coat this year.
__________________________________
6. Mother won’t be able to prepare dinner before our arrival.
__________________________________
7. He won’t be able to stay in Moscow in summer.
__________________________________
8. The children won’t be able to take part in this discussion.
__________________________________
Ex.3. Complete the sentences with can / be able to in the correct tense.
1. I __________ get my degree next year.
2. She ___________ visit us yesterday, because she was busy.
3. I __________ finish this work today. I’m tired.
4. We have no class on Tuesday, that’s why we __________
get ready for the next seminar.
5. I’m afraid I _________ translate this article tonight.
6. Did you buy any fresh meat? – No, I _________ get any.
7. I think you _________ play tennis better after a bit of practice.
8. She _________ dance quite nicely when she was a girl.
Ex.4. Extend the statements according to the example.
Example: I’m very busy now. (to go) - I can’t go.
1. Who is over there? (to see) ________________________
2. What language is he speaking? (to understand) ________________________
3. I’m too tired. (to walk) ________________________
4. My head is aching. (to read) ________________________
5. Don’t ask me to cook. (to cook) ________________________
6. No, I’m not going to the skating-rink. (to skate) ________________________
7. Speak louder, please. (to hear) ________________________
8. Help him to carry this box, please. (to lift) ________________________
9. Show her some more books. (to choose) ________________________
May, Must and Have to
Ex.1. Ask your teacher if you may.
1. _______________ come a bit late for the next class?
2. _______________ fetch a piece of chalk?
3. _______________ miss the lecture?
4. _______________ open the window and air the room?
5. _______________ leave the class before the bell goes?
6. _______________ shut the window if you are cold?
7. _______________ change places with somebody?
8. _______________ smoke in this room?
9. _______________do this exercises orally?
10. _______________take the book home and keep it for a week?
Ex.2. Change the following sentences in Past and Future.
Example: She must do the exercise again.
She had to do the exercise again.
She will have to do the exercise again.
1. I must cook our dinner while Mother is away.
________________________________
________________________________
2. We must catch the 8.30 train to arrive in time.
________________________________
________________________________
3. You must always come in time to classes.
________________________________
________________________________
4. He must revise all the rules before writing the test.
________________________________
________________________________
5. I must go to the laboratory after classes.
________________________________
________________________________
6. We must discuss this question with the group leader.
_________________________________
_________________________________
7. You must write a business letter on one side of the paper only.
_________________________________
_________________________________
8. Everyone must leave hats and coats in the cloakroom.
_________________________________
_________________________________
Ex.3. Fill in mustn’t / needn’t.
1. You __________ buy tomatoes, we have plenty of them at home.
2. One __________ cross the street with the red light.
3. David is well. He _________ take this medicine.
4. You ________ turn on the light. I can see quite well.
5. Pupils ________ talk during the lesson.
6. She ________ write the whole exercise. Ten sentences are enough.
7. You _________ take the books in my absence.
8. We _________ ring him up. He’ll be here tonight.
9. We _________ take notice of his strange behaviour.
10. You _________ worry; this matter isn’t risky at all.
Ex.4. Rewrite the sentences in the interrogative and negative form.
1. We had to work hard to learn how to solve such problems.
____________________________________
____________________________________
2. He’ll have to answer her letter without any delay.
____________________________________
____________________________________
3. You have to speak louder to make yourself heard.
____________________________________
____________________________________
4. They had to repeat their experiment.
____________________________________
____________________________________
5. I’ll have to work from morning till night to earn my living.
____________________________________
____________________________________
6. She’ll have to give a talk at the next meeting.
____________________________________
____________________________________
7. We had to change the plan.
____________________________________
____________________________________
8. He has to revise all the material.
____________________________________
____________________________________
9. She has to call on her sick friend.
____________________________________
____________________________________
10. We have to look after granny.
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
Should
Ex.1. Change the following sentences using should.
Example: I don’t advise you to make any marks on the books.
You shouldn’t make any marks on the books.
1. I don’t advise you to wear this dress for the occasion.
___________________________________
2. It’s a pity you don’t want to apologize to him.
___________________________________
3. I’ve advised you to speak to him frankly.
___________________________________
4. I don’t advise them to make a decision in a hurry.
___________________________________
5. I think you must consider the matter carefully.
___________________________________
6. It’s a pity Mr. Wilson doesn’t walk much.
___________________________________
7. I think you need more rest after your work.
___________________________________
8. It’s a pity he is so inattentive.
___________________________________
9. I don’t advise you to keep eggs in the refrigerator.
___________________________________
10. I don’t advise Dick to ride fast.
___________________________________
Ex. 2.Translate the sentences into English using should.
1. Вам не следует много курить. __________________________________ 2. Детям следует заботиться о своих родителях. __________________________________ 3. Ей следует писать диктанты каждый день. __________________________________ 4. Студентам следует прочесть эту книгу в оригинале. __________________________________ 5. Вам следует больше читать. __________________________________ 6. Тебе надо проверить сочинение прежде, чем ты его сдашь. __________________________________ 7. Вам надо ходить к зубному врачу раз в месяц. __________________________________ 8. Не следует прерывать других людей в разговоре. ___________________________________ |
Section 2. Reading