- •1. Stylistic as a branch of science. Subjects, methods, related research and the differences between them.
- •2. The notion of style.
- •3. The notion of stylistic markedness
- •6.Expressive means and stylistic devices.
- •4. Expressiveness, evaluation, emotiveness.
- •5. The notion of variation. Variation is English language.
- •7. Spoken English and Written English.
- •12. The stylistic devices of zeugma and pun.
- •9.The stylistic device of metaphor.
- •13. The stylistic devices of oxymoron and antonomasia.
- •8. The notion of stylistic function
- •14. The stylistic devices of simile and hyperbole.
- •10. The stylistic devices of metonymy and irony.
- •11. The stylistic devices of epithet.
- •16. The stylistic devices of allusion and decomposition of set phrases.
- •15. The stylistic devices of periphrasis and euphemism.
- •20. The stylistic devices of asyndeton, polysyndeton and the gap-sentence link.
- •17. The stylistic devices of inversion, chiasmus and parallel structures.
- •18. The stylistic devices of repetition, enumeration and suspense
- •38. The newspaper headline.
- •19. The stylistic devices of detached constructions, climax(gradation) and antithesis.
- •21. The stylistic devices of ellipsis, aposiopesis (break-in-the-narrative), question in the narrative.
- •22. The stylistic devices of litotes and rhetorical question.
- •24. The stylistic devices of onomatopoeia, alliteration and assonance.
- •23. Free indirect thought and free indirect speech
- •26. The stylistic classification of the English vocabulary. Special colloquial vocabulary.
- •25. The stylistic classification of the English vocabulary. Special literary vocabulary.
- •30. Poetry. The notion of poetic conventions. Types of poetic conventions.
- •27. The notion of functional style. Approaches to the research into functional style. Classifications of fs.
- •29. Emotive prose.
- •28. The belles-lettres style
- •33. The language of drama
- •31. Rhyme, metre and rhythm.
- •35. The style of scientific discourse.
- •32. Lexical and syntactical features of poetry.
- •34. Publicist style.
- •36. The style of official documents.
- •37. The style of mass communication. The British Newspaper style.
13. The stylistic devices of oxymoron and antonomasia.
O. structurally consists of an adj + noun or adv. + noun. the meaning of 2 members clash being opposite in sense. ex. disagreeably pleasant. the adj + noun is more widely used. If the primary meaning of the qualifying word changes or weakens, the stylistic effect of oxymoron is lost. We may notice a peculiar change in the meaning of the qualifying word. It assumes a new life in oxymoron. oxymoronic groups, if repeated frequently, lose their stylistic quality and gradually fall into the group of acknowledged word-combinations which consist of an intensifier and the concept intensified.
Antonomasia – the use of a common noun in a function of a proper name or the use of a proper name with the func. of a common name to point out the lading most characteristic feature of an obj or event. Prof. Galperin points out that to certain extent a. may be likened to an epithet because it characterizes the person or event. 1st type of A. point to the most characteristic feature; 2nd type the proper name would acquire the grammatical characteristic of a common noun and it would start … an event or a of a person by that name (no more Hirosimas)
Depending on the character of the contextual meaning there are two types of antonomasia:
1) That based on the interaction between the nominal and contextual logical meanings.
2) That based on the interaction between the logical and contextual nominal meanings.
8. The notion of stylistic function
One of the most use definition of the function is the context:
cognitive tune, emotive tune, meta-linguistic tune, communicative tune
Stylistic focuses on the expressive potential of a linguistic phenomena in the context we can talk about their stylistic function.
Stylistic tune – ability of language means to interpret in such way in the text so it to convey in addition to the factual information they expressive, emotive, evaluate, estetic information.
the role played by certain classes of words in units of a higher level, senteces, text, utterances.
There`s no one correspondence between the tune and linguistic means which performed
Quite often several different means are used to express the same function this allows to channel the addresses attention in a right direction.
On the contrary one or two examples can color a substantial passage in the text.
Stylistic function is often expressed with the help of the interaction between various expressive means and stylistic devices as well as it works with the help of interaction between the units of different levels.
The notion of the stylistic tune is separately connected with notion of stylistic information.
In order to decipher the stylistic information in the text as well as their textual linguistic and extra-linguistic links. On one hand English posses a number of linguistic units.
Theory of deviance 2. Theory of foregrounding
We can`t do without the notion of the norm.
Norm can be defined as the recognized or received standarts.
Гальперин: is the invariant of the phonetic, morphological and stylistic patterns circulating in language in action of given period of time.
The norm is characterized by a certain degree of flexibility.
The variations made end of becoming of a new norm if the variation show patterns of repetition. If something is different of the norm it would stand out additional information. bad-------------good deviation - transposition
2.This notion first appeared in the research carried out by Prague linguistic group. This school standing the language of literature. The readers attention is directed what the language itself and not the information.
Within this theory the norm is not the violated.
The theory implies that some language forms are made more visible. As these forms are made more visible are attention is drown to these forms. And we need to seek a possible interpretation as to why they are so visible in comparison with the rest of the context. This theory reflects the ability of the language uses to predict t the possibility of this or that language uses to predict the possibility of this or that language form on the bases of one`s previous experience and the degree to which the prediction differs from the observe fact determines the intensity of the stylistic effect.