1. The problems of style and stylistics.

Stylistics deals with styles and different scholars have defined style differently at different times.

The word style is derived from the Latin word “stilus” which meant a short stick used by the Romans for writing.

Vinogradov: style is a socially recognized and functionally conditioned, internly united totality of the ways of using, selecting and combining the means of lingual intercourse in the sphere of one national language or another.

Galperin offered his definition of style s a system of interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication.

Screbnev: style is what differentiates a group of homogeneous texts (an individual text) from all other groups (other texts)... Style can be roughly defined as the peculiarity, the set of specific features of a text type or of a specific text.

All these definitions point out the systematic and functionally determined character of the notion of style. The authors of books propose more or less analogous systems of styles based on a broad subdivision of all styles into two classes: literary and colloquial and their varieties. These generally include from three to five functional styles. Galperin distinguishes 5 groups of functional styles for the written variety of language while Prof. I.V.Amold suggests only two major types of styles - colloquial and literary bookish — with their further division into substyles. Screbnev – infinite number of fs.

Stylistics is a branch of linguistics, which studies the principles, and the effect of choice and usage of different language elements in rendering thought and emotion under different conditions of communication. Therefore it is concerned with such issues as:

1. the aesthetic function of language

2. expressive means of a language

3. synonymous ways of rendering one and the same idea,

4. emotional colouring in language,

5. a system of special devices called sd

6. the splitting of the literary language into separate system called style

7. the interrelation between language and thought,

8. the individual manner of an author in making use of language, etc.

It’s conventional to distinguish between:

1) Stylistics of the language or linguistic stylistics

2) Stylistics of speech or literary stylistics.

Stylistics of the language or linguistic stylistics occupies itself with various questions of style peculiar to the national language, 1) i.e. it studies expressive, emotional, evaluative potential of various language units on the one hand, 2) on the other hand, deals with peculiarities of vocabulary, grammar, syntax of such subsystems of the language, which are known as functional styles.

Stylistics of speech or literary stylistics studies the style of various writers or literary movements, or certain stylistic phenomena taken in their chronological developments, it deals with study of real text with the aim of discovering how content is expressed not only according to the norm but also due to deviation (отклонение) of the norm.

In the literary language the norm is the invariant of the phonemic, morphological, lexical and syntactical patterns in circulation during a given period in the development of the given language.

Functional style is a system interrelated language means which serves a definite aim in communication. A FS is thus to be regarded as the product of a certain concrete task set by the sender of the message. FSs appear mainly in the literary standard of a language.