- •Textbook Series
- •Contents
- •1 Air Information Publications
- •Introduction
- •Format of an AIP
- •Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
- •Aerodrome Communication Facilities
- •Aerodrome Radio Navigation and Landing Aids
- •Other Sources
- •Search and Rescue
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •2 Fuel Policy and Fuel Monitoring
- •Universal Application of Fuel Policy
- •Realistic Trip Fuel
- •Reserve Fuel
- •Calculation of Contingency Fuel
- •Fuel Monitoring
- •Special Cases 1 – Decision Point Procedure
- •Special Cases 2 – Isolated Aerodrome Procedure
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •3 Nautical Air Miles
- •Nautical Air Miles
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •4 Single-engine Piston Aeroplane (SEP)
- •Introduction
- •Single-engine Piston Aeroplane
- •Cruise Power Settings Tables
- •Range Profile Figure
- •Endurance
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •5 Multi-engine Piston Aeroplane (MEP)
- •Introduction
- •MEP 1-Fuel, Time and Distance to Climb Data
- •MEP 1-Range at Standard Temperatures
- •MEP 1-Cruise Power Setting and Fuel Flow
- •MEP 1-True Airspeed
- •MEP 1-Endurance
- •MEP 1-Descent Fuel, Time and Distance
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Introduction
- •Aeroplane Data and Constants
- •Optimum Cruise Altitude
- •Short Distance Cruise Altitude
- •Answers to Simplified Flight Planning
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •En Route Climb
- •Cruise/Integrated Range Tables
- •Questions
- •Answers
- •Descent Table
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Answers to Integrated Flight Planning
- •8 MRJT Additional Procedures
- •ETOPS – CAP 697 MRJT1
- •Non-normal Operations
- •Fuel Tankering
- •Answers
- •9 Topographical Chart
- •Introduction
- •World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84)
- •Aeronautical Information
- •Topographical Information
- •Miscellaneous
- •Establishment of Minimum Flight Altitudes
- •The Minimum Grid Area Altitudes (Grid MORA)
- •Choosing Cruising Levels
- •Altimeter Errors and Corrections
- •Exercise 1
- •VFR Exercise 2
- •Answers
- •Exercise 1 Answers
- •VFR Exercise 2 Answers
- •10 Airways
- •Introduction
- •Air Traffic Services (ATS) Routes/Standard Routes
- •Area, Low and High Level Charts
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Answers to Examples/Exercises
- •Answers Exercise 1
- •Answer Airways Exercise 2
- •Projection
- •Track Direction/Magnetic Variation/Distance
- •Grid Navigation
- •Exercise 1
- •Answers to Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Answers
- •AT(H/L) 1 & 2 Information
- •Exercise 3
- •12 ATC Flight Plan
- •Introduction
- •Definitions
- •Annexes to This Chapter
- •Specimen CA48
- •Item 19: Supplementary Information
- •Item 15
- •Use of DCT (Direct)
- •Exercise 1
- •Exercise 2
- •Exercise 3
- •Exercise 4
- •Answers
- •Annex 2
- •13 Point of Equal Time (PET)
- •Introduction
- •Derivation of Formula
- •The Effect of Wind on the Position of the PET:
- •Single Sector All-engine PET
- •Engine Failure PET
- •14 Point of Safe Return (PSR)
- •Introduction
- •Derivation of the Formula
- •Transposing the Formula to the Navigation Computer
- •The Effect of Wind on the Location of the PSR
- •Single Leg PSR
- •Derivation of the Formula for Variable Fuel Flows
- •15 Revision Questions
- •Revision Questions
- •Answers to Revision Questions
- •Specimen Examination Paper
- •Answers to Specimen Examination Paper
- •Explanations to Specimen Examination Paper
- •16 Index
Medium Range JetTransport (MRJT) Detailed Flight Planning 7
Descent Table
(Refer CAP 697 MRJT1 Figure 4.5.4a & 4.5.4b)
Time, fuel and distance (NAM) for a flight idle thrust descent are tabulated for:
•M 0.74/250 KIAS, which approximates to an economy descent, and
•M 0.70/280 KIAS, turbulent air penetration descent.
Allowances are included for a straight in approach with undercarriage down.
Increase fuel during the descent by 50 kg for engine anti-ice.
Example 5
Given a landing weight of 54 900 kg and a mean descent wind component of 50 kt head calculate the time, fuel and ground distance for a M 0.74 descent from FL330.
Fuel........... |
kg; time............ |
min; distance........... |
NAM; ........... |
NGM. |
Example 6
An aircraft with an estimated landing weight of 48 500 kg descends from FL310 to fly a straight in approach, through turbulent air with the engine anti-ice on; the wind component is 45 kt tail. Calculate the fuel burn, time and ground distance
Fuel.......... |
kg; time............ |
min; distance............ |
NAM; ........... |
NGM. |
Answers to Examples 5 and 6 are on page 104
Medium Range Jet Transport (MRJT) Detailed Flight Planning 7
99
Questions |
7 |
100
INTEGRATED FLIGHT PLAN - EXERCISE 1
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SECTOR |
Temp |
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Temp |
WIND |
Track |
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Wind |
GS |
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Gross |
Cruise |
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FL |
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TAS |
NGM |
EET |
NAM |
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FUEL |
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FROM |
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Devn |
Dirn |
Speed |
(T |
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Comp |
kt |
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WT |
Value |
NAM |
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1 |
A (3000') |
TOC |
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ß |
0 |
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-30 |
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250 |
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56000 |
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2 |
TOC |
B |
-49 |
370 |
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-50 |
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B |
C |
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370 |
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-20 |
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460 |
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4 |
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D |
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370 |
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+10 |
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5 |
D |
TOD |
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370 |
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+20 |
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6 |
TOD |
E (MSL) |
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7 |
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ROUTE FUEL |
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8 |
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% INC/DEC |
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9 |
E |
ALT.(MSL) |
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DIVERSION FUEL |
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5% CONTINGENCY |
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APU/TAXI |
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12 |
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AIR CONDITION |
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13 |
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ANTI-ICE |
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HOLDING |
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RAMP FUEL |
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7 |
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Flight 1 Exercise |
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Questions |
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Plan |
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Questions 7
Exercise 1
Complete the Integrated Flight Plan from the following data:
Long Range Cruise flight at FL370 from A to E with a nominated alternate airfield. Airfield elevation at A is 3000 ft;
Mean sea level at E and the Alternate.
The gross take-off weight(mass) at A is 56 000 kg.
The estimated landing weights at E and the alternate are 46 000 kg and 43 000 kg.
Fuel: |
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Route: |
Allow 5% contingency A to E. |
Descent: |
Straight in descent with gear down and no air turbulence. |
Diversion: |
Use Alternate Planning CAP 697 MJRT1 Figure 4.3.6. |
Taxi/APU: |
Allow 260 kg. |
Air Conditioning: |
1% for cruise A to E. |
Engine and wing anti-ice: |
180 kg/h for cruise A to E. |
Holding: |
Compute 45 min holding fuel for straight and level flight at a |
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pressure height of 1500 ft overhead E. |
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(CAP 697) Figure 4.4 |
Use 47 000 kg as the start weight for the hold.
When the plan is completed answer the following:
a.Assuming that the contingency and holding fuel are unused, what is the estimated landing weight at the Alternate?
b.At a cruise weight of 56 000 kg what is the optimum LRC/M 0.74 level?
c.The aircraft’s track is 180°(T) and variation 10°E. The lowest optimum IFR cruise level is?
d.If the variation was 10°W what is the amended lowest optimum IFR level?
e.If the gross brake release weight is 46 000 kg, trip distance 150 NAM and temperature ISA +10°C, what is the short distance cruise?
Questions 7
101
Questions |
7 |
102
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INTEGRATED FLIGHT PLAN - EXERCISE 2 |
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SECTOR |
Temp |
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Temp |
WIND |
Track |
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Wind |
GS |
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Gross |
Cruise |
Minus |
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LINE |
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FL |
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TAS |
NGM |
EET |
NAM |
Start |
FUEL |
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(C |
Devn |
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(T |
Comp |
kt |
Value |
NAM |
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FROM |
TO |
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Dirn |
Speed |
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WT |
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1 |
A |
TOC |
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ß |
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200 |
35 |
245 |
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61500 |
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- |
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236 |
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2 |
TOC |
B |
-56 |
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220 |
50 |
245 |
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3 |
B |
C |
-56 |
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230 |
60 |
270 |
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378 |
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4 |
C |
D |
-56 |
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240 |
65 |
280 |
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410 |
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5 |
D |
TOD |
-56 |
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260 |
70 |
296 |
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562 |
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6 |
TOD |
E |
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Ý |
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230 |
30 |
296 |
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7 |
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ROUTE FUEL |
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% INC/DEC |
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9 |
E |
Alternate |
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310 |
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-60 |
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185 |
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DIVERSION FUEL |
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5% CONTINGENCY |
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APU/TAXI |
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12 |
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AIR CONDITION |
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ANTI-ICE |
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HOLDING |
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15 |
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RAMP FUEL |
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7 |
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Flight 2 Exercise |
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Plan |
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