Unit 3
Тема: Компьютеры
Грамматика:
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The Indefinite Tenses
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Порядок слов в английских утвердительных предложениях.
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Определительные придаточные предложения
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Названия дней недели, месяцев, времен года.
Повторение:
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Глагол to be во временах Indefinite (There is / There are).
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Глагол to have во временах Indefinite.
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Эквиваленты русского родительного падежа и цепочки существительных.
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Повелительное наклонение глагола.
Тексты:
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Computers
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The Internet
Лексика
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according to |
согласно (чему-либо) |
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auxiliary |
вспомогательный |
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creation |
создание |
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decision |
решение |
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enough |
достаточно |
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equipment |
оборудование |
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hardware |
аппаратные средства |
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however |
однако |
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input / output |
ввод / вывод |
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keyboard |
клавиатура |
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liquid |
жидкий |
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memory |
память, ЗУ( запоминающее устройство) |
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outside |
внешний |
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rapidly |
быстро |
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ray |
луч |
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rule |
правило |
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same, the |
тот же самый |
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set |
набор |
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simple |
простой |
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software |
программное обеспечение |
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source |
источник |
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throughout |
в продолжение (всего времени) |
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to access access |
иметь доступ; доступ |
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to add addition |
добавлять; добавка, добавление |
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to advance |
делать успехи, прогрессировать |
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to allow |
позволять |
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to appear |
появляться |
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to become (became, become) |
становиться |
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to build (built, built) built-in |
строить |
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to come (came, come) |
приходить |
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to compare |
сравнивать |
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to consist of |
состоять из |
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to decrease |
уменьшать |
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to change to exchange |
менять; обменивать |
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to find (found, found) |
находить |
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to include |
включать |
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to increase |
увеличивать, повышать |
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to move movement |
двигать(ся); движение |
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to perform |
выполнять |
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to process |
обрабатывать |
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to provide |
предоставлять, обеспечивать |
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to receive |
получать |
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to refer |
относиться |
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to replace |
заменять |
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to send (sent, sent) |
отправлять |
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to store storage |
содержать, вмещать, хранить; запоминающее устройство ЗУ, память |
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useful |
полезный |
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via |
через |
I. Вспомните, как переводятся следующие слова:
language; rule; watch; mistake; room; answer; question; hour; letter; to jump; to ask; to think; sleep; to put.
II. Прочитайте и переведите слова, не пользуясь словарем. Обратите внимание на их произношение:
architecture; arithmetic; audience; battery; billion; binary; blog; browser; cable; calculation; cathode; central; channel; chat; colleague; collection; concept; contrast; crystal; decentralization; defect; demonstration; diary; display; document; dramatic; e-mail; encyclopedia; evolution; extreme; fiber-optic; file; form; forum; functioning; fundamental; game; global; graphics; idea; individual; information; infrastructure; intellectual; inter-; interactive; interface; Internet; laptop; major; microphone; modem; monitor; mouse; multimedia; network; non-; numerous; office; online; optical; organization; origin; peripherals; personal; player; popular; population; present; printer; program; pulse; quarter; resource; robot; routine; scanner; security; service; sound; symbol; symbolic; to serve; site; social; speech; speed; telecommunication; telephone; television; text; to accelerate; to concentrate; to contain; to focus; to interpret; to manipulate; to navigate; to occupy; to present; to specialize; to synchronize; traditional; transmission; trillion; unique; unit; user; video.
III. Прочитайте и переведите следующие слова:
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существительные
access; addition; advance; answer; creation; decision; decrease; equipment; exchange; hardware; hour; increase; input; keyboard; language; memory; movement; output; process; question; ray; rule; set; software; source; storage;
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прилагательные
auxiliary; built-in; liquid; outside; reliable; simple; the same; useful;
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глаголы
to access; to add; to advance; to allow; to appear; to become; to build; to come; to compare; to consist of; to decrease; to exchange; to find; to form; to include; to increase; to move; to perform; to process; to provide; to receive; to refer; to replace; to send; to store;
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наречия
according to; enough; however; now; rapidly; throughout; via.
IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:
the practical application of knowledge; the electromagnetic field theory; personal and laptop computers; an important communications service available on the Internet; a central processing unit (CPU); high-level programming languages; the capacitor's material resistance; the transistor's low cost; today's electronics engineers; a global data communications system; cathode-ray tube and liquid-crystal display monitors;
Повторение
V. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глагола “to be” во времени Present Indefinite. Задайте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ. То же сделайте и для времен Past and Future Indefinite:
1. Technology … the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular field. 2. The study of electromagnetic field theory … also important to electronics. 3. Personal and laptop computers … now widely available. 4. Hardware … a physical nature and software … a non-physical nature. 5. E-mail … an important communications service available on the Internet. 6. The main language for communication on the Internet … English. 7. A central processing unit … the main information processor in a computer. 8. A computer … a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions.
VI. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глагола “to be” во времени Present Indefinite. Задайте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ. То же сделайте и для времен Past and Future Indefinite. Предложения переведите:
1. However, there … usually special instructions. 2. There … usually between two and one hundred registers for different types of CPU. 3. There … many high-level programming languages (Ada, BASIC, COBOL, Fortran, Pascal). 4. Today there … many forms of radio, these … networks and mobile communications of all types, etc.
VII. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глагола “to have” во времени Present Indefinite. Задайте вопрос и дайте отрицательный ответ. То же сделайте и для времен Past and Future Indefinite. Предложения переведите:
1. All capacitors … defects such as the capacitor's material resistance. 2. A single chip … a great amount of different components. 3. A computer … the main information processor. 4. Different configurations … different characteristics. 5. A transistor … three terminals for connection to an external circuit. 6. A CPU … the functions of a calculator. 7. The two types of transistors … a few differences. 8. They … small size and minimal weight and high reliability. 9. The transistor's low cost, flexibility, and reliability … a great significance in modern microelectronics.
VIII. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глаголов“to be” или “to have” во времени Present Indefinite:
1. The computers on transistors … much smaller, faster, cheaper and … more reliable. 2. Today's electronics engineers … the ability to design different integrated circuits. 3. In comparison with more costly units, low-cost toy walkie-talkies … not separate microphones and speakers. 4. The keyboard and mouse … the input devices, and the display and printer … the output devices on a typical personal computer. 5. The Internet … a global data communications system. 6. It … a hardware and software infrastructure. 7. The transistor … the potential to work faster and more reliably and to consume much less power than a vacuum tube.
IX. Прочитайте и переведите следующие словосочетания:
а) a set of instructions; billions or even trillions of bytes of memory; examples of hardware; the equipment of the computer; a collection of routines, rules and symbolic languages; billions of users;
b) the computer's memory; the computer's various components; the control system's function; the world’s most advanced computer; a computer's hardware; the computer's casing;
c) a watch battery; integrated circuit technology; computer instructions; the central controller unit; semiconductor memory; computer main memory; computer engineers; research institutions; telecommunications technology; computer operating systems; high-level programming languages; a software developer; a global computer network system; a global data communications system; computer users.
X. Прочитайте и переведите предложения в повелительном наклонении. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму:
1. Read the code for the next instruction. 2. Let him decode the numerical code for the instruction into a set of commands. 3. Let me read the data for this instruction. 4. Let them provide the necessary data to a register. 5. Let it instruct the hardware to perform the first operation. 6. Write the result and jump back to step one (1). 7. In most cases, computer instructions are simple: add one number to another, move the data from one location to another, send a message to the external device, etc. 8. Let users navigate from one web site to another via hyperconnections.