VI. Choose the proper word:

1.It gives me ... pleasure to see you again. (much, many)

2.How ... English lessons have you a week? (much, many)

3.He can read English ... . (a little, a few)

4.Let him think ... .(few, little)

5.There is ... hope to get the railway station in time.

6.Did you have ... difficulties in translating this article? (much, many)

7.There was ... snow last winter. (much, many)

8.The students work ... during examination session. (much, many)

VII. Use ”many” and ”much” instead of expressions such as lots of ... , a lot of ... , a great deal of ... , plenty of ... .

1.There were lots of interesting books in the book-case. 2. I have a lot of work today. 3. There was a lot of water in rivers last spring. 4. My friend gets a great deal of enjoyment from a home computer. 5. We spent plenty of time on our translation. 6. Lots of trees were damaged by the storm. 7. He picked up a great deal of information during the afternoon.

VIII. Form the degrees of comparison of the following adjectives

old, bad, cold, yellow, loud, clean, large, comfortable, practical, modern, good, small, careful, interesting, difficult, weak, important, easy, fat, low.

IX. Put the adjectives in brackets into the required degrees of comparison.

1. The twenty second of December is the (short) day of the year. 2. His plan is (practical) than yours. 3. You are much (well) today. 4. I have (little) experience than you. 5. Oleg is the (good) of my friend. 6. This book is (interesting) than the last one I read. 7. Why do you take the (far) way home? 8. London is the (large) city in England. 9. There is (much) snow today. 10. This student speaks English (good) than you.

X. Compare the objects according to the given example:

Example: A lemon - an apple (sour)

A lemon is sourer than an apple.

An apple is not so sour as a lemon.

An apple is not as sour as a lemon.

1.The Black Sea - the White Sea (warm). 2. Oil - water (light). 3. Butter - caviar (cheap). 4. Stone - wood (heavy). 5. Carrots - cucumbers (useful). 6. China - Japan (large). 7. Meat - vegetables (expensive). 8. Japanese - Spanish (difficult). 9. The Indian Ocean - The Arctic Ocean (warm).

XI.Write the sentences of your own with the most frequency used comparisons.

Patterns:

as easy as: The teacher says that to learn to swim is as easy as ABC.

as hungry as: He comes from school as hungry as hunter.

as white as snow, as hot as fire, as clear as day, as green as grass, as cold as ice.

XII.Memorize these proverbs with comparison and find Ukrainian equivalents:

1. The devil is not so black as he is.

2. East or west home is the best.

3. Better a glorious death than a shameful life.

4. Better late than never.

5. Four eyes see more than two.

XIII. Fill in the blanks with ”every” and ”each”. Remember that ”each” may be the subject, an object, or an attribute while ”every” may only be an attribute:

1. The bridge had a tower at ... end. 2. My friend goes to the institute ... morning. 3. ... wants to become happy. 4. ... of you must prepare a home-reading. 5. Our professor shook hands with ... student. 6. ... has a bicycle in this town. 7. ... student has to attend lectures.

Unit 3

Topic: We study a foreign language.

Grammar: modal verbs

I. Read the following words:

foreign, language, German, during, century, Danish, influence, Norman, Latin, reason, interesting, politics, science, learning, native, tongue, flexible, knowledge, ancient, occupy, period, conquer, servant, pronunciation, throughout, impose, commence, desire.

II.Read and translate the following text:

We study a foreign language

The students of our Institute study one of four foreign languages. I studied English at school so I’m going to perfect it at the Institute. But my friend Galina studies German, and Natasha studies French.

The total number of languages in the world is about 5000. The most widespread languages are Chinese, English, Spanish, Russian and others. These languages are alive, i.e. they are in use. In addition to these, there are ”dead” languages which are no more means of communication. There are old Greek, Latin, Old Slavonic. There is also a number of artificial or universal or world languages. The world-known artificial language is Esperanto. There are also programming languages that are used in computers. These are specialized languages.

English is one of the richest languages and spoken practically all over the world. But the language itself has a long history of development.

The ancient inhabitants of Great Britain were the Celts. The language then was not like the English of today. Only a few their words remained in the language now, spoken by the English people. Then G.B. was occupied by the Romans. The Roman period of British history lasted 465 years. The Romans brought a few Roman words into the English: Street, Lincoln, Doncaster and some other names. Then the Saxons came and settled down in the land they conquered. These Germans were the founders of the English nation. By and by came other Germanic tribes who settled on different parts of the coast. Among these tribes were people called the Angles. When the Angles and Saxons grew into one, they were called Anglo-Saxons or Angles (English). The general name they gave to the country in which they had settled was England. The Saxons as well as the Angles called their speech English.

The Normanns came then. Though the Normanns became the masters of England and the Saxon became their servants, the Saxons didn’t want to speak their language and the Normanns had to learn English to make the English people understand their orders. In this way Anglo-Saxons’ changed a little by the Normanns became real English language of the future, and that’s why the pronunciation of English words differs so much from their spelling.

Now English is the mother tongue throughout the continent of North America (the USA and Canada) in the British Isles, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.

For a long time English was the most important of the languages of the colonial countries in Africa, Asia, Australia and Oceania. English was imposed of the enslaved nations as the only means of communication. With the growth of national liberation movement most of the former British colonies have gained their independence. With the end of the British Empire, English, however, has not lost it’s dominant position in the former colonies.

English is also the international language of commerce. It is one of five languages used in the United Nations Organisation. English is studied as a foreign language in our secondary and higher schools. I am a first year student of State TAX Service Academy. I study English. It is one of my favourite subjects.

At our English lessons we learn to speak English. We study pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar.

I can understand spoken English all right, but I find it difficult to speak. My great desire is to have a good knowledge of English & to speak English fluently: I’d like to visit G.B. too.