Методическое пособие по дисциплине «Основы профессиональной речи»

Для специальности СД БТД.

Unit 1. Active vocabulary: lush vegetation, vividly green, unspoilt, a cluster of, indulgent lunch, tuck into, rural, preserved through ages, less touristy,a wide variety of, lie in a hammock.

1. Think of two famous people and two famous places. Write descriptions, then swap papers, your partner tries to guess who or what you`re describing: A( thoroughly enjoy visiting this Spanish city, in which you can find Gaudi`s famous cathedral. B. Is it Barcelona?

2. Read the article. Why did the writer fall in love with Kerala?

I LOST MY HEART IN KERALA.

It`s incredibly beautiful and hypnotic, with lush vegetation, white beaches and vividly green countryside. Entire communities live along the canals and lagoons, which stretch over 1,900 km, acting as a vital means of communication between remote villages and crowded towns. In order to avoid the monsoon season, I went in January. At that time of the year the weather is great and you are normally guaranteed warm days and cooler comfortable nights.

I didn`t expect to find it still so unspoilt given that it`s relatively close to Goa. People don`t seem to have worked out yet that Kerala is a lot nicer and much less touristy.

Take a trip along the backwaters. Gliding silently along in a canoe, you get to see a rural Kerala preserved through the ages and completely hidden from the road. Make sure you take lots of batteries for your camera. A stopover in the fascinating capital, Cochin, is also a must. A cluster of islands surrounded by a network of rivers and lakes, Cochin is a home to a unique culture. There`s extraordinary fishing on the coast there; people hang from their boats into the water and pick up fish with their teeth, before chucking them into enormous nets. In the evenings, go to a restaurant and try the wide variety of fish Kerala is famous for. Caught locally every day, it`s always wonderfully fresh.

I would probably wake up around 10 a.m. and tuck into a delicious Indian breakfast of pancakes with lots of curry powder. Then I `d take to the backwaters for three or four hours. Later on, having had an indulgent lunch, I`d lie in a hammock, sipping fresh coconut milk and reading a good book.

After supper, totally relaxed, I`d head for bed, putting on an eye-mask in order to avoid seeing any of the local spiders!

3. a)Answer the questions.

1. Why did the writer choose January to visit Kerala?

2. What did the writer find surprising about Kerala?

3. What is unusual about the way people fish in Kerala?

b) Work in pair. In which place, if any, have you lost your heart? What made it so wonderful? How would you spend a perfect day there?

4. Work in pairs. Which three reasons are most important to you when choosing a holiday, and why?

the climate

the tourist facilities

the landscape

the local culture

the accommodation

the cost of the holiday

the nightlife

Help with grammar.

Some participle clauses give more information about a verb or idea in a sentence. They are often used to make a piece of writing more varied and sophisticated. Relative pronouns ( who, whose, whom. Which, that ) introduce relative clauses.

E.g. She`s the teacher who|that came to our college last week.

This is the man whom|that we hired last Monday.

That`s the boy whose brother won the prize.

This is the house which belongs to my friend.

5.a) Find examples of the relative clauses in the text.

5 b) Complete the sentences using relatives as in the example.

A travel agency is an office which arranges holidays and journeys. A travel agent is someone……………. . A guest house is a place……….. . Visa is …… . A credit card is ……….. . A souvenir shop is a place ……….. . A suite is a kind of hotel room ………… . A receptionist is a person …………….. . Custard is a kind of cream …………… . A bill is a piece of paper………….. . Windsurfing is a kind of sport …………. . Laundry is something …………….. . Transfer is ……………. . A resort is a place …………….. .

5 c) Describe your most memorable place, using as many relatives as possible.

6. Rewrite sentences 1-5 using the words in brackets.

1. Not knowing my way round Kerala, I headed straight for the tourist Information Office.(because)

_____________________________________________________________

2. The rain was very heavy at that time of year, causing flooding everywhere.(so)

3. Visited out of season, Kerala is not full of tourists.(if)

4. Having saved up for ages, Lauren finally went out and booked her flight.(after)

5. Surfing through the channels, I came across a really good programme on India. (while)

Help with vocabulary Adjective word order

When describing a noun, there is an order that adjectives usually follow .Notice that opinions come before facts, the general before the specific.

opinion	size	age	colour	origin	material
beautiful			white		sandy	beaches
stark		modern			log	cabins
	massive	100-year-old				tortoises
charming				rustic	stone	cottages

7. a) Look at the adjectives in bold. Do they describe opinion, size, age, colour, origin or material?

1. breath- taking, high, snow-capped peaks

2. delicious, Thai, fish and coconut curries

3. extravagant, white, marble buildings

4. picture-book, medieval Italian villages

b) Look at these examples. When speaking we try not to put too many adjectives in front of the noun. How do we avoid doing this?

Rather stupid-looking, clumsy birds with blue feet and long necks

Charming, rustic cottages in stone

Delicious Thai curries, (which were) made of fish and coconut

7 c) Describe our local historical places try to use more adjectives for them. ( follow the adjective word order.)

8. Put these words in order to make descriptive phrases.

1. Idyllic/ seas/ Mediterranean/ the/ turquoise the idyllic, turquoise Mediterranean seas

2. Leather/ a (n) / box/ old/ interesting

3. Modern/ vibrant/the/ capital/ sprawling

4. That/ French / fine/old/wine

5. Small/ 14^th century/a/castle

6. Suede/ that/jacket/expensive/black

7. Welsh/energetic/sheepdog/young/a (n)

8. Armchair/velvet/a(n)/ uncomfortable/ antique

9. Rewrite the sentences putting the adjectives into the correct place, then identify what kind of adjectives they are.

1. I love ice-cream. (strawberry, Italian, tasty)

2. He has a bag. (black, big, school)

3. It was a pool. (marble, huge, white, swimming)

4. She wears lipstick. (pink, horrible, glossy)

5. She has a voice. ( lovely, singing, pure)

6. We used to have a teacher. (strict, old, biology, American.)

7. Mary has a job.(sales, demanding, new)

8. Yesterday we went to the club. (huge, sports, modern)

10.Choose which answer A B C D best fits each space.

Environs of Ankara.

Traditional Turkish wooden mansions, or konaks, on the North bank of the Yesilirmak river have been (1)… to their former (2) … and some of these have been turned(3)… guest houses. The restored 19^th- century Hazeranlar Konagi, one of the loveliest now (4)… an art gallery on the first floor and the Ethnography museum on the second. The Archeology Museum has an interesting(5) …of regional artifacts including mummies of the Mongol rulers of Amasya. Cafes, restaurants, tea gardens and parks (6)… the riverside and (7) …tranquil spots from which to enjoy the city`s romantic atmosphere. From the top of Cakallar Hill you have a beautiful (8) … of the city.

Excellent places for relaxing are (9) … near Amasya. Set amid magnificent mountain (10)… , Borabay Mountain Lake is one such place for day trips. The whole province of Amasya is filled (11) … orchards which (12) … some of the world`s most delicious apples.

1 A restored B built C constructed D innovated

2 A grandeur B sublimity C supremacy D splendor

3 A on B into C of D in

4 A contains B houses C quarters D includes

5 A variety B gathering C collection D diversity

6 A line B make C form D set out

7 A supply B provide C offer D place

8 A site B landscape C outlook D view

9 A made B built C stated D located

10 A surroundings B view C scenery D environs

11 A by B in C with D out

12 A grow B produce C make up D support

11 a) Work in groups. Take turns to describe your place. E.g. The first time I visited this city I really disliked it, because it was so noisy and chaotic, with a lot of traffic and pollution. But … .

11b) Tell the class about the best or worst place you heard about.

12.a) Make your own examples with active vocabulary.

Active vocabulary: lush vegetation, vividly green, unspoilt, a cluster of, indulgent lunch, tuck into, rural, preserved through ages, less touristy,a wide variety of, lie in a hammock.

12 b) Explain their meaning. E.g. rural means far away from large cities or towns.

Unit 2. Active vocabulary: luxurious, facilities, discreet, provide, comfortably furnished, type of accommodation, on a budget, notorious for, fire precautions, reasonably priced, no extra charge, included in the price, impressive complex.

1. a)Look at the pictures. Where do you think they were taken? What facilities do you think these hotels have?

b)Can you name any famous hotels? Can you name people who work in a hotel?

Do you prefer luxurious hotels or cheaper, more friendly ones? If you were to stay in a hotel for a week`s holiday in England, what would you be looking for?

2. Read the article, then choose the types of the accommodation.

Hotels.

The City Refuge

This refuge was started in the 19^th century by Methodist missionaries in the East End of London. Traditionally, the East End has always been the poorest part of London and the people who started this Refuge went in aid of those who had no money and had nowhere to sleep. The refuge still runs today on the same basis. There is no charge to stay there, and there is even tea and toast in the morning. The people who run the Refuge however, do not accept anyone who has been drinking alcohol or taking drugs. They will only take people who are in desperate need of somewhere to sleep. The problem they face however, is that nowadays there are more people needing this accommodation than the Refuge has room for.

Long Term Hotels

There are several streets around an area in London called King`s Cross that only have this type of accommodation. They used to be for tourists who were on a budget and wanted to be centrally located. But this has now changed. King`s Cross has turned into an area notorious for crime of all kinds, and tourists in particular are advised not to go there at all. Long term hotels in this area are fairly cheap due to the accommodation being very basic a bed and a wash basin in the rooms with the shared bathroom. They are often dirty, damp and dangerous. They seldom have proper fire precautions and dealing in drugs is a common feature in these hotels. Not for the clean-living visitor!

The Bayswater Hotela

This area of London is a few minutes` bus ride away from Hyde Park. The hotels here are reasonably priced and the area attracts many tourists. The Bayswater Hotels are often large houses which have been turned into small hotels. As a result they have warm , friendly atmosphere. The rooms though small, are kept very clean and have that special English touch- the tea tray. This is to enable guests to make themselves a cup of tea or coffee at no extra charge. These hotels have sometimes a bar and restaurant which are reasonably priced and can be used by people who are not even staying in the hotel. Very often guests of the hotels have their breakfast and evening meal included in the price of the room.

The YMCA

The Young Men`s Christian Association has a very impressive complex in the heart of London’s west End. Originally the YMCA net together for religious studies, but it has now grown in a huge international organization. The YMCA in Tottenham Court Road has some of the best facilities in Central London. It has a gym, squash courts and a swimming pool. Pt is a long term hotel and many residents, both men and women, stay there for months even years. The rooms are for single people. They are very comfortably furnished and all have their own bathroom. It may seem an expensive place to live, but if you want a lot of things to do and want to meet a lot of people in a safe, central environment, then this is for you.

The Dorchester Hotel

The Dorchester situated in the heart of London, is one of the most luxurious and expensive hotels in the world. A single night in one of their suites can cost you thousands of pounds. The services they offer are the best you can find, from serving you tea to driving you around London. The staff have a strict dresscode and always wear a uniform. The Dorchester offers everything the lover of luxury could want, especially as it’s provided in a very discreet , professional and very friendly manner. This hotel is not for people who like the casual touch. The rooms are absolutely luxurious, with colour televisions, Jacuzzis, a fully stocked bar, fresh flowers and fruit. Definitely, a hotel for people with taste and a large bank account.

Which hotel(s):

Is for people who like sport?

Are not recommended for tourists?

Have religious origin?

Is for those who don`t mind how much they spend?

Can offer services for non-guests?

Offers free shelter for the homeless

Is for people who want to be near a park?

Is for those who want to prepare their own drinks?

Are for those who plan an extended stay in London?

Is for those who prefer formality?

Is for people who want to socialise?

Is for those who prefer a homely environment?

Only has single rooms?

3. Answer the following questions.

1. How much is a room in the Refuge?

2. Which type of the hotel can be dangerous and why?

3. Why do the Bayswater hotels have a warm atmosphere?

4. Where is the Dorchester situated?

4. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate word(s) from the list below.

Suite, discreet, uniform, complex, casual, on a budget, accommodation, long term, impressive, notorious.

His sister-in-law is a secretary but her…………..ambition is to become a lawyer. ( lasting a long period of tome )

Robert is very…………. when he is with his friends and he is always joking around. ( informal)

I hate this horrible gloomy ……………. that we have to wear. ( set of clothes worn by workers)

All celebrities usually prefer to stay in …………… . (luxurious set of rooms in the hotels)

Naples is said to be ……………….. for high crime rate. ( well-known for sth bad)

I found out a good-looking, expensive coat but I am …………….. now, so I can`t afford it. ( unable to spend a lot of money)

The restaurant manager is very ………………. and never talks about his famous customers. ( polite and careful)

His Olympiad`s results are …………….. he has been offered a place at the University. ( worthy of admiration)

A new shopping …………… is being constructed which will contain boutiques, restaurants and a cinema. ( large set of buildings)

It is not easy nowadays to find good hotel ……………….. , so it`s better to book in advance. ( housing).

5. Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list:

A fully stocked, to run, reasonably, comfortably, a common, fire, extra, centrally, fairly.

1……………… a hotel

2 It is ……………located

3……………..cheap

4…………….precautions

5……………feature

6……………price

7no ………….charge

8…………furnished

9…………..bar

6 Fill in the appropriate word(s) associated with hotels

The Hilton is a …………..-……………. hotel where the rich and famous stay.

A………….. is employed to clean rooms and make beds in a hotel.

Guests usually leave the keys at the reception desk at the ………… .

The ……………… is someone who carries suitcases to the rooms.

When you ……………. at a hotel, the receptionist asks for your name and passport.

In summer I advise you to make a ……………….. otherwise all the rooms may be booked.

When visiting a hot country it is better to stay in a …………………….. hotel.

7 Look through the text again and say:

. What are the advantages of staying in the YMCA?

. Which hotel would you choose to stay in and why? Which one you wouldn`t choose and why?

. Choose one of the hotels without telling your partner . Describe a stay there. Your partner listens and guesses which hotel you talking about.

Help with grammar

We use will and be going to to talk about future.

But mind that will is used for on-the-spot decisions, predictions and when you are not sure about sth. E.g.

I`ll probably buy a new car. ( I`m not sure yet) I think it will be sunny tomorrow.(prediction) It`s so stuffy here, I`ll open the window. ( on-the- spot decision)

Be going to is used for plans, evidences and when you are sure about sth.

E.g.

I`m going to buy a new car. ( I`ve decided it)

I`m going to get some more training so I can get a better job. (plan) It`s going to rain. ( evidence)

8 Fill in: will or be going to

I heard on TV last night that Porthsmouth Council…………… build a new swimming pool in the centre of the town. They ……………….stat work in July and the pool …………… probably be finished by September. The Mayor said, “ I`m sure the people of Porthsmouth …………….. welcome the new pool. I hope they ………………understand the temporary problems which …………. be caused in the centre of the town. “ The opposition leader does seem to like the idea. He ………………… organise a protest to stop the council wasting public money, and he believes the majority ……………support him.

9. Look at the following grid. Work in pairs and plan your holiday including when, where, how you are going and what you are going to see.

10.

Fill in will or be going to

She ……………… probably pass the exam. I`ve worked hard this summer. Now I ………….. have a holiday. Be careful otherwise you……………. hurt yourself. Look! Jim ………….win! He`s much faster than the other runners. I`m afraid I………….not be able to come to your party. She ………………travel around the world. She`s leaving on Friday. He …………. buy a better car if he gets a job. I ………. start my university course in September.

11.Make your own examples with active vocabulary. luxurious, facilities, discreet, provide, comfortably furnished, type of accommodation, on a budget, notorious for, fire precautions, reasonably priced, no extra charge, included in the price, impressive complex.

12.Read the dialogue and answer the questions.

Melissa. I`m not sure I`ve told you about my trip to Ireland, have I?

Brendan. No, no you haven`t.

M. Well this was this summer. I haven`t see you for a while. We were expecting , sort of two weeks on sandy, beautiful beaches………….

B. Ok.

M. ………and we were expecting the lush, green hills of Ireland. I mean , I`m American so you know, all the clichés of Ireland apply to me and we all love to go there. Anyway we were expecting a beautiful lodge that, that we`d rented from some friends of friends. After we got there, there was sort of 18 hours travelling in this driving pounding rain- we stopped off, our first stop, when we got near to the house was to buy waterproof gear that we could find.

B. Right.

M We then arrived very late at night at the house which turns out to be not a beautiful lodge but a very stark, modern…………..

B Right .Ok.

M ……..log cabin.

B No rustic charm then.

M Primitive……….

B Oh, ok.

M……….is more than rustic. I think the word there. And the thing that we decided to do the next day was get up and explore our surroundings. Instead of a sandy beach what we had was a very thin strip of gravel.

B Oh, dear.

M And the owner had forgotten to tell us that the beach was actually half an hour, sail away in a very small boat.

B Which you don`t want to be doing in such bad weather .

M Certainly. So, I have to say that wasn`t our best holiday.

Questions

Why had they decided to go to Ireland on holiday?

Why did Melissa decided to stay in this house? How long did it take to get to the house? What was the weather like when they arrived? What was the problem with the local beach? Would you like to go to that place, why?

Unit3

Active vocabulary accounted for, foreign exchange, to expand, investment, sewage system, hiking, landscapes, pouring cash, spread, nature lovers, boom, influx, strain, crowded capital, preserve an old atmosphere

1a) Look at the pictures. Where do they think these photos were taken? Would you like to visit this place? Give reasons to your answers.

b)Name three things that make a place attractive to tourists/

c)How can tourism benefit a country? What are the possible drawbacks?

2 Read the text and answer the questions.

Tourism in the Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is enjoying a tourist boom that has become increasingly important to the country`s economy. In 1994, tourism accounted for 1,5 billion pounds which expected to soon rise by 10 percent. “Tourism, one of our top foreign exchange earners, is very important to the country” says Jin Cech, director of the tourism department.

More than 17 million tourists came to explore the various sights of Prague, known as the “Golden City”, in 1994, and the boom continues. Private business people have improved the Czech capital with new shops, restaurants and cafes.

Although plans to build a luxury hotel were opposed, the capital has attracted several of the world`s leading hotel groups – including Hyatt, Hilton International and Holiday Inn. These hotels bid for sites and contracts in the Czech capital. “ We are optimists about the prospects in Prague, especially for conventions and meetings” says Daniel Durand, manager of the Prague Hilton Atrium located near the city centre

What makes Prague special, however, are small friendly hotels like Villa Voyta. This quiet and architecturally beautiful hotel built in 1921, has become the first in the country to be accepted into the exclusive Small Luxury Hotels of the World`s Association.

Foreign tourists are also beginning to discover attractions outside the capital, pouring cash directly into the farthest corners of the country. “It is very important for us to expand the options available for visitors exploring the Czech countryside” observes Jin Cech.

The most popular site after Prague is the south Bohemian town of Cesky Krumlov, situated above the Austrian border. Its castle houses the oldest surviving baroque theatre in the world, complete with stage sets, costumes and a library of opera libretti.

Thousands of such castles and chateaux, many in excellent condition, cover the Bohemian and Moravian landscapes, and many historic towns are renovating their ancient squares. Those looking for the unspoilt nature can explore the Sumava region close to the Austrian and German borders, an area still rich in wildlife.

The Czech Tourism Department is trying to encourage greater investment in facilities outside Prague to try to lessen the strain or the already crowded capital. What the Minister would like most is an even spread of tourism across the whole country rather than the concentration on Prague. Indeed the city is finding it difficult to cope with the tourists in terms of accommodation, transportation and the sewage system. “ For me the perfect world would be to have nature lovers wandering in the Bohemian hills, or hiking in the Sudeten mountains, and the culture seekers visiting the castles of Moravia before a stop in the musical city of Prague”, says Mr. Cech.

There are many destinations to explore in the Czech republic, which is busy to restore pre-war greatness. Whether the country gets full benefit from the still growing influx of tourists depends on how successful it is in offering more facilities while preserving its old world atmosphere.

Questions: Why is Tourism so important to the country? What the world`s leading hotel groups in the Czech capital? What makes Prague special? What is the oldest baroque theatre in the world? What`s the Minister opinion about lessening the strain on Prague?

3Fill in the gaps with the correct word(s) from the list below: convention, influx, bid, wandering, exclusive, prospects, options, boom.

1 Famous people usually dine at very……………………reastaurants. A(private, elegant and expensive)

2 There was a(n) ………………in land development all over the world during the 1980s.( sudden growth)

3 A large construction company has ……………………for the contract to build the new town hall. ( offered the price)

4 They are going to use the Hilton Hotel to hold the annual teachers` ………………… .(conference)

5 Being enthusiastic about your job improves your………………… of promotion.( chances)

6The authorities will try hard to cope with the huge …………………. of visitors to the Olympic Games. (sudden arrival)

7There are various ……………………open to someone who wants to study in England.(choices)

8 When I am on holiday, I love…………………through the countryside. (walking in a relaxed way)

4 Fill in the appropriate word(s) from the list. Use the word(s) only once.

To restore to become to encourage unspoilt to preserve to lessen culture to explore rich

1…………..the atmosphere 6……………increasingly important

2……………investment 7……………the sights

3……………….the strain 8…………..in wildlife

4……………..seekers 9…………….pre-war greatness

5………………..nature

5 Fill in the text with the following words related to “money”.

Cash, coins, bank, cash card, traveller`s cheques, change, withdraw, notes, currency, exchange rate, credit card.

Before going on holiday it is a good idea to go to the ………….. to…………some money, so that you have some foreign ………….. in your pocket when you arrive. The bank will give you most of your foreign money in ……………. but it is also useful to have some …………….. in case you want to make a phone call or to buy something from a vending machine. In some places you may be able to use your …………………………… to make a phone call. Always check the………………..so that you know how much money you should be getting per pound if you don`t want to carry …………………you can convert your money to ………………………….and in some countries you can even use your ………………… to ………………….money.

6 Make five pairs of opposites from these words or phrases: credit, debit, deposit, export, loss, pay in , profit, take out, withdraw.

7 Which word is the odd one out. Why?

1cash coin note prize

2cheque credit card fine money order

3bargain discount fare reduction

4bill inflation invoice receipt

5broke comfortable rich well-off

6badly-off bankrupt penniless wealthy

7allowance grant interest scholarship

8invaluable priceless worthless valuable

9bribe charge duty income

10cost expense pension price

8a) What do these jobs have in common? Cashier, interpreter, receptionist, shop assistant, stewardess tour guide.

b) Explain which job(s) you would: enjoy doing| find demanding| be unsuited to

9 Choose which answer best fits each gap.

A unique way to see the world

The Grant family are travelling round the world by horse-drawn caravan. They have (1) ……………..Ulan Bator, the capitol of Mongolia, more than 12000 kilometres away from their starting point in Scotland. Four years ago they (2)………………….. their red and green wooden caravan to Holland, where they bought their first horse, Offy. The caravan is (3)………………large enough for David, his wife Kate and their three children, Torcuil, Fionn and Edith, and (4)………….things like the children`s school books. Offy(5)…………….to pull them as far as France, where Traceur, a stronger horse, had to (6)…………… .

Traceur can walk about 18 kilometres a day, but the (7) ………….has not always turned (8) ………….. as the Grants planned. In Slovenia they became caught up in the civil war and the 14 days they had intended to (9) ………….. there became 14 months. Life in the (10) …………..air has not always been easy. They have suffered (11) ………………… of cold (-28*) in Kazakhstan, and of heat in Mongolia`s grasslands. Fortunately the family have generally (12)…………… in good health, although Edith broke her ankle in Italy and her arm in Ukraine. Soon they will leave Ulan Bator and (13) …………… for Beijing and then the Pacific (14)……………. , where they will (15) ……………..a boat to Canada. It will be another two years before the family arrives back home.

1 A arrived B come C got D reached

2A conducted B fetched C led D transported

3A neither B rarely C rather D scarcely

4A essential B main C unavoidable D urgent

5 A achieved B could C managed D succeeded

6 A hold up B pick up C take off D take over

7 A excursion B journey C travel D voyage

8 A into B on C out D up

9A fill B occupy C spend D use

10 A natural B open C outdoor D outside

11 A depths B extremes C heights D limlts

12 A lasted B maintained C remained D rested

13 A cross B direct C head D travel

14 A beach B coast C seaside D shore

15 A catch B drive C float D ride

10 Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits each gap.

Travelling alone.

Dorothy Mayers, a (1) ………………student, travelled by herself for eight MEDICINE

months in Asia and South America. “I wasn`t (2) …………. by the idea FRIGHTEN

of doing a long trip without a (3) ………….. . Some people think that COMPANY

wanting to travel alone is a sign of (4) …………… , but you are freer when SELFISH

you can make all the (5) …………………… on your own. At the beginning DECIDE

or when I was ill , I (6)……………………… felt lonely, but I made many OCCASION

friends so I wasn’t always by myself . being a woman alone

wasn’t a problem either, but I was (7)…………………to avoid CARE

obviously (8)…………………. situations. In some countries people DANGEROUS

stared and made rude comments. Sometimes I reacted (9)…….. AGGRESION

because I was annoyed, but I never worried about my (10)…………… SAFE

I will definitely travel like that again. Next I will be more (11)……… PATIENCE and I won`t try to do so much.

Unit 4 Eating out.

Active vocabulary: pulse, festive occasion, relish, pickles, amiss, flavor, crunchy, scoop up, morsel, creamy, pickled, garlic, scrambled, grated, prawns, fibre, raw, equally, increase, spinach, humble.

Food in India

1. Generally speaking , an Indian meal consists of a meat dish, a vegetable dish, bread and\or rice, a pulse dish, a yoghurt relish (or plain yoghurt) , and a fresh chutney or small, relish-like salad. Some pickles and preserved chutneys may be added if you have them. Fruit rather than desserts is served at the end of a meal, although on festive occasion sweets would not be at all amiss. Sometimes, when the meat dish is particularly elegant and rich, we don’t serve any pulses but serve instead an equally elegant pullao rice. Vegetarians- of whom there are millions in India – increase the number of vegetable and pulse dishes and always serve yoghurt in some form.

Within this general framework, we try to see the dishes we serve vary in colour, texture and flavor. If our meat, for examples, has a lot of sauce, then we often serve a dry vegetable that doesn’t have any sauce with it. If the vegetable we are serving is very soft- such as spinach- we make sure that there is a crunchy relish around on the table.

Most Indians like to eat with their hands , although more Westernised ones may use knives and forks or spoons and forks, or just forks. It is only the right hand that is used for eating, the left being considered unclean. With the right hand, we break pieces of bread and then use the pieces to scoop up some meat or vegetable. With it, we also form neat morsels out of rice and other accompanying dishes and then transport them to our mouths. Needless to say, hands must be washed before and after eating. Even the humblest of roadside stalls will have a lota ( water vessel) of water for washing first.

When we serve ourselves , we put most foods beside each other on our plates. Only very wet, flowing dishes are sometimes ladled on top of the rice but not on top of all the rice. Some of the rice is left plain to enable us to eat it with other dishes.

2. Help with grammar.

There are two types of noun:

1. COUNTABLE NOUNS

These nouns can be either singular or plural, and are used with verbs in either the singular or the plural:

A meal, meals this dish, those dishes one colour, several colours

An Indian meal consists of a variety of dishes.

The dishes vary in colour, texture and flavor.

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

These are used with a singular verb:

Beauty bread fruit greed hunger milk oil water

Fruit is served at the end of a meal.

If you want to talk about separate, countable pieces or quantities of uncountable nouns, you use an expression like:

A bit of a bottle of a piece of a slice of

The following nouns are uncountable:

Advice equipment evidence furniture

Homework information knowledge luggage

News work

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE

Some nouns can be either countable or uncountable:

Uncountable Countable

Do you prefer coffee or tea? Let`s stop and have a coffee or a tea?

His hair is black. The detective found two black hairs on

the knife.

In most jobs experience is My trip to India was full of wonderful

rewarded. experiences.

The plural of most countable nouns is “-s”. But what is the plural of these nouns?

Bus bush box match country knife potato

Child foot man mouse person tooth

Woman

Some nouns only exist in the plural:

Clothes scissors sunglasses trousers

3. A)Answer these questions.

1. What does a typical Indian meal consist of?

2. How do Indians serve and eat their food?

Read the passage quickly to check your answers.

3. b) What similarities and differences are there between food in India and in your country?

Think about:

• Kinds of food

• Serving and eating food

Mind that- You use ‘some’ and ‘any’ in front of plural countable nouns and uncountable nouns.

‘Some’ is usually used in positive statements:

Some pickles and preserved chutneys may be added.

Here is some information about Indian food.

‘Any’ is usually used in negative statements and questions:

We don’t serve any pulses.

Is there any milk left?

‘Some’ can also be used in questions when you expect the answer to be ‘yes’ , or you want to encourage someone to say ‘yes’:

Could you get me some lemons?

Would you like some orange juice?

‘Any’ can also be used in positive statements when you don’t want to mention a specific person or thing:

Any bank will accept these traveller’s cheques.

Call me any time this evening. I’ll be in the whole time.

3c)Make any necessary corrections to these sentences.

1. Is there a bread left?

2. My kitchen equipment are very old.

3. I haven’t got some sharp knife.

4. How many sugars would you like in your coffee?

5. There isn’t a meat because this is a vegetarian restaurant.

6. Have you got some green tomatos?

7. Can you give me an information about traditional recipes?

8. I broke a teeth eating any peanut.

9. I`d like to make some cake. I`ve got some flour, but I haven’t got some eggs. Could you go and buy some for me?

10. The news are bad, I’m afraid: the price of a cooking oil has gone up again.

4. Prepare answers to these questions about food in your country:

1. What is commonly eaten? What ingredients and flavorings are used?

2. How is food commonly prepared?

3. When is food eaten? When is the main meal of the day? Who is food eaten with?

4. How is food served and how is it eaten?

5.The editor of a guidebook for foreign visitors to your country has asked you to contribute something about food. Write four short paragraphs. Remember to:

• Use the categories above as your four main topic areas.

• Decide on the order in which to write about the topic areas.

• Try to include and explain some words from your own language .

6.How would you describe the taste of:

• Honey?

• Sea water?

• Black coffee without sugar?

• Lemon?

• Beer?

• Unripe fruit?

7.Here are other words used to describe taste . Can you think of an example of a food or drink for each?

Aromatic fresh fruity hot nutty rich sharp spicy strong

Help with grammar.

Most adverbs are formed by adding ‘-ly’ to an adjective:

Useful-usefully slow-slowly

Note these spelling changes:

-le becomes –ly terrible-terribly

-y becomes –ily easy-easily

-ic becomes – ically tragic-tragically

A few common adverbs have the same form as adjectives:

Early far fast hard late next

It was a hard decision to make.

You must work hard

The adverb related to the adjective ‘good’ is ‘well’:

He`s a good cook. He cooks well.

Two common types of adverb are:

1. ADVERBS OF MANNER

The coffees will turn slowly.

We choose the standard carefully.

These tell us something extra about verbs ( as if in answer to ‘How’).

2. ADVERBS OF DEGREE

Kenya coffee tends to be quite acid.

That standard we select very carefully.

These tell us something extra about adjectives or adverbs ( as if in answer to ‘ how much?)/

Some adverbs of degree strengthen an adjective or adverb:

We select it extremely carefully.

Others make an adjective or adverb less strong:

It just makes it a little easier to register.

What is the effect of these adverbs of degree, to strengthen or to make less strong?

Much finer, much more aromatic.

It`s fairly acid.

And what is the effect of these?

Absolutely quite rather really slightly

8. Read the dialogues and answer the questions.

A.

Waiter. Are you ready to order?

Mary. I`m not sure. Can you tell me what today`s specials are, please?

W. Certainly, madam. Today we have salmon bake cooked in a creamy mushroom sauce with flaked almonds on top.

M. Ooh that sounds lovely!

W. Then there`s sirloin steak with a spicy tomato and pepper sauce.

M. Oh, I`m afraid I can`t eat anything spicy.

W. Well. We also have roast lamb served with a honey and mustard sauce.

M. Oh, yes, I`ll have that please.

W. And for you, sir?

Tom. I`ll have the steak please.

W. How would you like it cooked?

T. Medium rare. No, on second thoughts, I think, I`d rather have it well done.

W. Right. Thank you.

B.

Bred. Mmm! Something smells good! What`s cooking Linda?

Linda. I`m cooking a special meal for Tom`s birthday.

B. That`s nice of you. What`s on the menu?

L. I`m making fish and roast potatoes.

B. Sounds delicious. What`s for the dessert?

L. I’m going to make a vanilla cake. It`s his favourite.

M. Yum!..... What`s that smell , Linda?

L. Oh, no, the fish is burning! Turn the cooker off, quick!

C.

Rob. So, Joyce, are we all set for dinner party on Saturday, then?

Joyce. Not, quite. I haven`t decided on the menu yet. It`s difficult to choose dishes that everyone likes. Got any ideas?

R. What about prawn cocktail for starters? Most people like that.

J. Yes, bur George`s allergic to prawns.

R. Oh, dear, well, how about a nice vegetable soup? You can`t go wrong with that.

J. Right. And the main course is the problem.

R. Well, most people like chicken, don`t they?

J. Yes, except Sarah is a vegetarian.

R. Does she like pasta? I could make vegetable lasagne with a rich cheese sauce.

J. That would be great. Are you sure you can manage that?

R. Leave it to me. Now, what about dessert?

J. I`ve got that covered. I`m making my special cherry cheesecake.

R. Fantastic! I can`t wait!

Questions. Why doesn`t Mary want the steak? Why has Linda decided on a vanilla cake? Why is Linda in panic? What is Joyce problem? Why can`t Joyce serve chicken for the main course?

10. Act out similar dialogues.

Methods of cooking and preparation.

11. Fill in.diced, fried, sliced, mashed, boiled, grilled, grated, scrambled.

1. The Smiths often eat ……………. Eggs for breakfast.

2. I don`t want to put on weight, so I usually eat ………… fish or chicken.

3. You need some ………. cheese to put on the pizza.

4. Use …………….. bread to make the sandwiches.

5. You need lots of …………..fruit to make a fruit salad.

6. Shepherd`s pie is a traditional British dish made from mince and …………. potato.

7. Chips are ………………. food.

8. Grilled fish and …………. vegetables is a low fat food.

12. Match the food, drinks to the questions. Then in pairs talk as in the example.

A glass of water, a cup of coffee, some potatoes, a steak, some fish, some sugar, some bread.

1.brown or white?

2. still or sparkling?

3. Black or white?

4 one lump or two?

5 fresh or frozen?

6 medium, rare or well done?

Roast or boiled?

S A: I`d like some bread, please.

S B: Brown or white?

S A I`d like brown, please etc.

13. Speaking. Imagine that you work in a restaurant; your manager is asking you about your ideas of making the restaurant more popular with customers. What would you advise him|her?

14. a) Look at the menu. Which of the dishes are: hot and spicy, high fibre, creamy, sweet, sour, juicy, raw, salty, vegetarian, oily, crunchy, low fat?

MENU

Starters

• Fresh melon

• Garlic mushrooms

• Oysters

• Salmon mousse

Main course

• Beef curry and rice

• Char-grilled steak

• Grilled chicken

• Vegetable and pasta bake

Side dishes

• Pickled vegetables

• Mashed potatoes

• Boiled vegetables

• Baked potato

• Brown rice

• Chips

Desserts

• Toffee tart

• Chocolate cake

• Fruit salad

• Home-made ice cream

b) In pairs, make short dialogues.

A: what would you like for your starter?

B: Salmon mousse. What about you?

A: No salmon mousse for me. It`s too creamy. I`ll have the fresh melon.

15.

a) Match the containers to the items in the list.

Packet tube jar bottle tin box carton tub cup

• Biscuits -crisps - toothpaste -jam -ketchup

• Ice cream -shampoo -soup -flour -milk -coffee

• Tomato paste -handcream - peanut butter - tissues

• Baked beans -orange juice -sardines -margarine

b) Fill in the correct words.

A: Do you want anything from the supermarket, Sue?

B: Oh yes, please. I`d like two 1)………………..

of biscuits. We haven’t got any left.

A: OK. Anything else?

B: Yes, we also need a 2)……………… of peanut butter

And a 3)…………………….of toothpaste.

A: Hm! I think I’d better make a list! Anything else?

B: Yes, please. I`d like a 4)…………………

of milk, a 5)……………………of ketchup and a

6)………………….of sardines.

A: Right. Will that be all?

B: Yes, thank you.