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For my family and friends

— Kevin

For my crash of rhinos

— Dave

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Acknowledgments

First and foremost, I want to thank my wife Melissa and my kids, Rebi, Evan, Ellie, Tyler, and Nate, for all of your support throughout this project, and for dragging me away from the computer just often enough for me to retain most of my sanity.

I love you all.

I’d also like to thank Kevin, my partner and collaborator, without whom I never would have done this. I can’t imagine finding a better teammate.

Big thanks to everyone at Premier Press/Course Technology. You’re a great group of people to work with, and I genuinely appreciate the confidence you place in me.

Ben Woodhouse deserves special mention for his efforts as technical editor. He provided valuable feedback that helped make this book much better than it would have been otherwise. Thanks also to The Mighty Pete for allowing us to use his skybox images in many of the example programs, and to Jeff Royle from ATI Technologies for providing us with graphics hardware for testing purposes.

Finally, I want to thank everyone who has taught me in some way, including Chuck Hansen, Robert Kessler and my other professors at the University of Utah, my coworkers at Avalanche Software and Qualcomm, the denizens of the GameDev.net forums, and everyone else who has taken the time to share their knowledge and experience via a Web site or book.

— Dave Astle

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Acknowledgments vii

I’d like to thank Dave, for his work as a good teammate, motivator, and friend. Chances are you would not be holding this book in your hands if he had not used a little friendly coercion on me. I’m amazed at what we were able to accomplish with this project, and a good deal of its success is due to our ability to work together as a team. I also want to thank my family for their constant support for me in everything I do. Oftentimes they don’t get as much credit as they should be getting.

My friends and coworkers also deserve a share of the thanks. Whether they know it or not, I’ve learned from all of them in some form or another and value their friendships: Tucker, Tom, Christie, Mike, Rael, Kristin, Vivian, JP, Andy, Greg R., Greg S., Bill, Kyle, Randall, Jordan, Hack, Justin, Nate, Luke M., Mike M., Johnny Y., Nick M., and so many others that we don’t have the space for here. Also, thank you to the Premier Press group for the opportunity to do this project and for maintaining a high degree of support and confidence in both Dave and me, and in GameDev.net.

And finally, I want to thank everyone who has provided me with the ability and talent, directly or indirectly, that has allowed me to create this book, including the professors at Embry-Riddle, my baseball coaches and teammates, Chris Hargrove, Seth Robinson, Jeff Molofee, Rich Benson, and a host of software engineering colleagues.

— Kevin Hawkins

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About the Authors

DAVE ASTLE has been programming games professionally for several years, working on titles for the Xbox, PlayStation 2, GameCube, PC, and various wireless devices. Currently, he is a lead engineer in the Gaming and Graphics group at Qualcomm, Inc. He is the cofounder and executive producer of GameDev.net, the leading online community for game developers. He has authored or contributed to several game development books and has spoken at industry conferences, including the Game Developers’ Conference. He received his bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from the University of Utah, where he specialized in graphics, artificial intelligence, networking, software engineering, and compiler theory and design.

KEVIN HAWKINS is a lead software engineer at Raydon Corporation where he designs and develops training simulations for a variety of customers, including the U.S. military. In addition, Kevin is the cofounder and CEO of GameDev.net, the leading online community for game developers. He holds a master’s degree in Software Engineering and a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science from Embry-Riddle University, where he also played intercollegiate baseball and was drafted by the Cleveland Indians in the 2002 amateur baseball draft.

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Contents at a Glance

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii

Part I OpenGL Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

Chapter 1 The Exploration Begins . . . Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Chapter 2 Creating a Simple OpenGL Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Chapter 3 OpenGL States and Primitives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Chapter 4 Transformations and Matrices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Chapter 5 Colors, Lighting, Blending, and Fog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99 Chapter 6 Bitmaps and Images with OpenGL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Chapter 7 Texture Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149

Part II Beyond the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .183

Chapter 8 OpenGL Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 Chapter 9 More on Texture Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Chapter 10 Up Your Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 Chapter 11 Displaying Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 Chapter 12 OpenGL Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .261 Chapter 13 The Endgame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277

Part III Appendices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .283

Appendix A Answers to Review Questions and Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .285 Appendix B Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 Appendix C What’s on the CD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .299

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