KRUTIKOV_IV

fool ... ask more questions than a wise man ... answer. 21. How do you do it, if I . . . ask? — Simply phonetics. I . . . place any man within six miles. (Sh.) 22. Mrs. Pearce . . . she use some of those dresses you brought from abroad? I really ... not put her back into her old things. ( Sh.) 23. I was so angry, I . . . have thrown my boots at him. (CD.) 24. They had something of the sort of pleasure in us, I suppose, that they ... have had in a pretty toy. 25. Roberts. You made a mistake to think that we would come to heel. You ... break the body, but you ... not break the spirit. (Gls.)

Exercise 42 p. 130. Translate into English.

1. Я должен сделать это сегодня? -- а) Нет, вы можете сделать это завтра, если хотите. б) Да, это нужно сделать сегодня. 2. Можно мне посмотреть вашу работу? — а) Пожалуйста. б) Нет, она еще не готова. 3. Доктор, можно мне купаться в море? — а) Нет, нельзя:

вы можете опять заболеть. б) Конечно, можно. Это принесет вам только пользу. 4. Мне нужно переписать всю работу или я могу только исправить ошибки? 5. Когда мне можно прийти за остальным материалом? -- Вам незачем приходить самому. Мы вам пришлем его,

когда он будет готов. 6. Не можете ли вы зайти ко мне вечером? 7. Не могли бы вы зайти ко мне вечером? 8. Нельзя ли мне попросить вас зайти ко мне вечером? 9. Не мог бы я попросить вас зайти ко мне вечером? 10. Не могли бы вы зайти немножко позже? 11. Не мог бы я попросить вас зайти немножко позже?

Exercise 43 p. 130. Paraphrase the given sentences using the modal verbs can, may, must.

1. It is quite possible that the performance is over as there are many people leaving the theatre. 2. The performance was evidently over as many people were leaving the theatre. 3. a) I don't believe that

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he said it. b) Is it possible that he should have said it? 4. a) I think they knew everything about it. b) I am sure they knew everything about it. 5. I am almost sure that she did not do anything of the kind. 6. a) Is it possible that they should have refused to help you? b) It is possible that they have refused to help him. c) It is impossible that they should have refused to help you. 7. a) Perhaps it's all true, I am not sure. b) Perhaps it was true, I am not sure. 8. a) There is probably some misunderstanding. b) There was probably some misunderstanding. 9. a) Really, you don't mean it? b) Really, you didn't mean it? c) Do you really mean it? (10. There is no doubt that it was all prepared beforehand. 11. a) Is it possible that they have already left? b) It is impossible that they should already have left. c) It is possible that they have already left. 12. I don't believe that they did not recognize you. 13. It is likely that his comrades helped him; his English is quite decent now. 14. My students are certainly at a lecture now. 15. Is it possible that this old man is your brother? 16. The message was evidently delivered in time as we received an immediate answer. 17. Is it possible that you should not remember our talk?

Exercise 44 p. 131. Translate into English.

1. Он должен быть там завтра. 2. Он может быть там завтра. 3.

Он, возможно, будет там завтра. 4. Он, возможно, был там вчера (не был). 5. Он, по всей вероятности, был там вчера. 6. Он должен был быть там вчера. 7. Не может быть, чтобы он был там вчера. 8.

Возможно ли, чтобы он был там вчера? 9. Неужели он там был вчера? 10. Не может быть, чтобы это была правда. 11. Неужели это правда? 12. Это, должно быть, правда. 13. Возможно, это правда. 14. Кто знает? Может быть, это и правда. 15. Возможно, это была правда. 16.

Это, очевидно, была правда. 17. Вы, вероятно, ошиблись. 18. Вы,

должно быть, ошибаетесь. 19. Не может быть, чтобы вы ошиблись. 20.

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Неужели (возможно ли, чтобы) вы ошиблись? 21. Не может быть, чтобы они меня не поняли.

Exercise 45 p. 131. Translate into English. (Dictation-translation.) a) 1. Как удачно! Еще пять минут — и мы могли бы не получить

билетов. 2. Надо было поставить нас в известность, что вы не сможете сделать свое сообщение. Мы могли бы отложить обсуждение этого вопроса. 3. Вы могли бы предупредить меня, что не придете; мне бы не пришлось так долго вас ждать. 4. Незачем вам было ходить туда,

они могли бы сами прийти. 5. Не надо было так разговаривать с ним: все же он постарше вас. 6. Надо было подумать об этом раньше:

теперь уже этого не исправишь. 7. Экспедиция должна была зимовать в Арктике, но из-за неблагоприятных метеорологических условий вынуждена была вернуться в январе. 8. Нельзя ли мне задать вам несколько вопросов? 9. Не могли бы вы дать мне консультацию сегодня? 10. Неужели вы им поверили? Они скорее всего пошутили над вами.

b) I. Я не могу понять, почему Н. не пришел на совещание. Не может быть, чтобы он забыл о нем; он, вероятно, заболел. 2. После прохождения практики в школе каждый студент должен представить отчет. 3. Тебе придется много заниматься. Если бы ты мог приходить ко мне по воскресеньям, я бы с удовольствием занимался с тобой. 4.

Если вы не хотите заниматься этим сегодня, вы можете закончить работу в течение завтрашнего дня. — Зачем же мне откладывать на завтра то, что я могу сделать сегодня! 5. В прошлом году я жил близко от института, и мне приходилось вставать не так рано, как сейчас. 6. Я думаю, что вам не следует обращать на это внимания.

Стоит ли беспокоиться о пустяках? 7. Вы, должно быть, все читали эту книгу. Если нет, то вам следовало бы ее прочесть как можно

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скорее, чтобы вы могли обсудить ее на занятиях нашего кружка. 8.

Вы все, вероятно, прочли книгу Голсуорси ―Собственник‖. Вам следует теперь прочитать критическую литературу. 9. Вам бы сле довало разговаривать с ребенком поласковее. 10. Эта машина, должно быть, отечественного производства. 11. Этот станок требует немедленного ремонта. 12. ―Нужно ли мне повторить это правило,

чтобы вы его записали?‖ -- спросил преподаватель у студентов. 13.

По-моему, нам нужно подождать еще полчаса. Экскурсанты могут приехать следующим поездом. 14. Вы бы лучше послали ему письмо:

он может не догадаться, что вас задерживают дела, и будет волноваться. 15. Не могли бы вы прочесть мою книгу к завтрашнему дню? Мне, может быть, придется завтра вечером уехать, и книга мне понадобится.

Exercise 46 p. 132. Pay attention to the negative meaning of the predicate groups and the use of the verbs must and can in them. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. a) You must have misunderstood him. b) You can't have understood him. 2. a) She can't have understood the rule. b) She must have failed to understand the rule. 3. a) The telegram can't have failed to reach them. b) The telegram must have reached them. 4. a) They can't have had much opportunity of warning you. b) They must have had little opportunity of warning you. 5. a) He must have entered the hall unseen. b) Nobody can have seen him enter the hall. 6. a) He can't have answered the letter. b) He must have left the letter unanswered.

Exercise 47 p. 132. Change the following sentences making them opposite in meaning in every way possible. (See Exercise 46.)

1. Everybody must have noticed that he was not used to speaking in public. 2. He must have written to them of his arrival in due time. 3. She

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must have bolted the door forgetting that I was to come later. 4. He must have a fair chance of winning, he is in good form. 5. The man must have understood me for he nodded his head. 6. She must have been quite conscious of having made a mistake. 7. They must have given us the correct information about the road. I can see all the landmarks they have spoken of. 8. The telegram must have certainly come in time. 9. She must have been very careful. She did not spill a drop of milk. 10. He must have done something about it, I see some changes in the design. 11. The dog must have recognized his master. It did not bark as we approached the house. 12. He must have been very experienced in sailing navigation. 13. He must be well aware of his clumsiness.

Exercise 48 p. 132. Translate the following sentences into English using the modal verbs must or can.

1.Он давно у нас не был. Ему, вероятно, не сказали, что мы уже

вМоскве. 2. Вы, должно быть, не узнали меня и поэтому не подошли ко мне. 3. Вы, наверно, и не пытались это сделать, иначе вы бы не говорили, что это очень легко. 4. Иностранец, очевидно,

неправильно произнес название этого кушанья, и официант принес ему совсем другое. 5. Вы, должно быть, давно там не были. 6. Вам,

наверно, ничего об этом не сказали. Иначе вы бы пришли раньше. 7.

Они, должно быть, не опоздали на поезд. Иначе они бы уже вернулись. 8. По всей вероятности, они не попали на поезд, так как вышли из дому слишком поздно. 9. Он, наверно, так и не догадался, почему мы смеялись. 10. Вы, наверно, положили ключ не на то место, и я не смог войти в дом. 11. Вы, наверно, не узнали его. -- Я не мог не узнать его.

Это, должно быть, был не он. 12. Их, очевидно, неправильно информировали. Они должны были прийти сегодня. 13. Хотя с 15

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апреля введено новое расписание, для утренних поездов оно скорее всего не изменилось.

Exercise 49 p. 133. Translate into English.

В воскресенье утром я должна была пойти в библиотеку,

чтобы готовиться к докладу, который мне предстояло сделать на уроке английского языка. Но я не смогла получить нужной мне книги, так как пришла поздно. Очевидно, какой-то другой студент взял ее до меня. Мне следовало прийти пораньше. Было досадно, что теперь мне придется прийти еще раз. Когда я уже собиралась уходить, ко мне подошла высокая женщина лет тридцати и сказала: ―Ваше лицо кажется мне знакомым. Должно быть, мы с вами встречались, но я не помню где‖. ―Я тоже не помню, -- сказала я. — Возможно, мы встречались летом в каком-нибудь доме отдыха‖. ―Возможно. Не может быть, чтобы мы работали или учились вместе. Тогда мы бы должны были помнить друг друга лучше‖.

Shall and Will

Exercise 50 p. 133. Analyse the modal meaning of shall and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The victory of peace can and shall be won. There shall be no war. 2. He shall do it whether he wants it or not. 3. Darling, I wouldn't let that child be chewing that pine stick if I were you. — . . . There isn't any harm in the child's chewing a bit of pine stick if she wants to, and you know it perfectly well. And she shall chew it, too. So there, now! (Tw) 4. Higgins. Listen, Eliza, I think you said you came in a taxi. E l i z a . Well, what if I did? I've as good a right to take a taxi as anyone else. Higgins. You have, Eliza, and in future you shall have as many taxis as you want. You shall go up and down and round the town in a taxi every day. Think of that, Eliza. (Sh.) 5. You shall

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answer for it! 6. "As long as I'm alive and have this house over my head," said Peggotty, "you shall find it as if I expected you here directly minute." (CD.) 7. I passed the night at Peggotty's in a little room in the roof, which was to be always mine, Peggotty said, and should always be kept for me in exactly the same state. (CD.) 8. "Now, here you see young David Copperfield, and the question I put to you is, what shall I do with him?" said my aunt. "Why, if I were you," said Mr. Dick, considering and looking vacantly at me, "I should wash him!" ( CD.)

Exercise 51 p. 134. Analyse the meaning of will and would and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. "When I say I'll do a thing, I do it," said Mr. C reakle; "and when I say I will have a thing done, I will have it done." (CD.) 2. "My dear Master Copperfield," said Mrs. Micawber, "you can render me another kind of service, if you will; and a service I will thankfully accept of." (CD.) 3. . . . I can't do what you ask, Arthur, but I will do what I can, I will arrange your escape. — Padre, wake up, and we will begin our life again! (V.) 4. С о k a n e. We'll leave in the morning, and do Mainz and Frankfurt. Trench. All right. You look out the trains, will you? (B. Sh.) 5. Trench. I won't have the relations between Miss Sartorius and myself made part of a bargain. (Sh.) 6. Jip showed his whole set of teeth, got under a chair, and would not hear of the least familiarity. He wouldn't let me touch him, when I tried. (CD.) 7. I had my own old mug with "David" on it, and my own old fork and knife that wouldn't cut. (CD.) 8. I was at liberty to do what I would, for three weeks or a month. 9. "Would you like to hear the petition read?" asked the captain. He would have read it twenty thousand times, if twenty thousand people would have heard him, one by one. (CD.) 10. "I think you are wrong, Uriah," I said. "I dare say there are several things that

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I could teach you, if you would like to learn them." (CD.) 11. What would I have given to have been sent to the hardest school that ever was kept! — to have been taught something, anyhow, anywhere! (CD.) 12. Blanche. I'm quite well, and I will not go abroad. Why will you bother me so about my health? (Sh.)

Exercise 52 p. 134. Compare the meaning and use of the modal verbs shall and will.

1. S a r t o r i u s . I am resolved that my daughter shall approach no circle in which she will not be received with the full consideration to which her education and her breeding entitle her. (Sh.) 2. S a r t o r i u s . And now, Dr. Trench, since you have acted handsomely you shall have no cause to complain of me. There shall be no difficulties about money: you shall entertain as much as you please. I will guarantee all that. (Sh.) 3. I will take care that it shall be all right. 4. I will call him to account, he shall pay dearly for this affront. (Sh.) 5. My boy shall not be worried, I will protect him. 6. "Come! I know what you mean," cried Mr. Wickfield, "you may pay for David if you like, Miss Trotwood. We won't be hard about terms but you shall pay if you will." (CD.)

Exercise 53 p. 135. Fill in the blanks with shall or will in the correct form.

I. "No harm A. be done to your child. I .c. see to it," the doctor tried to soothe the mother. 2. If you ... not take any steps, you ... never get rid of the malady. 3. May I go on with the work or . . . I wait for further instructions. 4. He . . . sit for hours reading, paying no attention to what was going on around him. 5. . . . I help you with the work or will you manage it yourself? 6. Don't worry, everything . . . be arranged as you want, I promise you. 7. We tried to persuade him,

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but he . . . not listen to our arguments. 8. We waited for two hours, but the rain ... not stop. 9. I wish to ask a few questions, and shall be very much obliged if you ... answer them. 10. But remember this: what I can't have, no one else . . . . Do you understand? No one else! 11. Trench. I've a good mind never to speak to you again. Blanche. You ... not — not ever. I . . . take care of that. (Sh.) 12. He . . . always say something which makes us laugh. 13. He put the money in his pocket, and kindly told me not to make myself uneasy; he . . . take care, it . . . be all right. (CD.)

Exercise 54 p. 135. Analyse the verbs should and would. State whether they are auxiliary or modal.

1. I had two Indian girls to teach. Their parents were old-fashioned and would not send them to school. ( AB) 2. "I do wish," June cried, "Uncle Timothy wouldn't talk about what doesn't concern him!" (Gls.) 3. Old Jolyon would sit for long spells brooding, his papers unread, a cigar between his lips. ( Gls.) 4. It is really quite a coincidence that Traddles should be here at all. (Ch. D.) 5. Peggotty was resolved that it should be quietly done. (Ch. D.) 6. During my recital, she kept her eyes on Mr. Dick, who, I thought, would have gone to sleep but for that ... (CD.) 7. I didn't like him or his deep voice, and I was jealous that his hand should touch my mother's in touching me, which it did. (CD.) 8. "Then, you see, Clara," returns Miss Murdstone, "you should just give him the book back, and make him know it." (CD.) 9. As she would not hear of staying to dinner lest she should by any chance fail to arrive at home before dark, some lunch was provided for her there. (CD.) 10. If you would come and see us any afternoon and take a cup of tea at our dwelling, mother would be as proud of your company as I should be. 11. I told him humbly that I

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wanted money, and that nothing else was of any use to me, but that I would wait for it, as he desired, outside, and had no wish to hurry him. 12. By the-by, I should hardly have thought before, that he could wink. 13. Here I sit at the desk again . . . my head is as heavy as so much lead. I would give the world to go to sleep. 14. She told me that everything would be arranged for me by Mr. Wickfield, and that I should want for nothing. (CD.)

Exercise 55 p.136. Insert would or should.

1. I left the young man to go where he . . . with my box and money. (CD.) 2. My aunt ... not hear of staying to dinner, lest she . . .

by any chance fail to arrive at home with the grey pony before dark. (CD.) 3. "But that it . . . have been you who saw me drunk!" said I to Agnes. (CD.) 4. Mr. Micawber was anxious that I . . . stay to dinner. (CD.) 5. I was awkward enough in their games, and backward enough in their studies (at school); but custom ... improve me in the first respect, I hoped, and hard work in the second. (CD.) 6. "... you know how to buy mutton (if asked to)?" I . . . repeat. Dora ... think a little and then reply. (CD.) 7. Algernon. The fact is, I have just had a telegram to say that my poor friend Bunbury is very ill again. They seem to think I . . . be with him. (O.W.) 8. I think that in both our interests it . . . be extremely undesirable that matters . . . be so left at this stage. I did not mean to say that if you ... exceed the sum named in my letter to you by ten or twenty or even fifty pounds, there . . . be any difficulty between us. This being so, I . . . like you to reconsider your answer. (Gls.) 9. "Don't look at the clock," Sarie told herself over and over again. But her eyes

... stray to the clock; ... watch the slowness of the minutes, ... count them in their weary, unhurried journey. (Ab)

Exercise 56 p. 136. Translate the following sentences using shall,

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