- •Міністерство освіти і науки України
- •Contents
- •From the history of electronics
- •Exercise 2
- •The Electron Tube Legacy
- •From Tubes to Transistors
- •The Decade of Integration
- •New Light on Electron Devices
- •Focus on Manufacturing
- •Exercise 4
- •Toward a Global Society
- •Into the Third Millennium
- •From the history of electron devices lesson 8
- •Translate the following words paying attention to affixes.
- •Microwave Tubes
- •The Invention of the Transistor
- •Bipolar Junction Transistors
- •Photovoltaic Cells and Diffused-Base Transistors
- •Integrated Circuits
- •Early Semiconductor Lasers and Light-Emitting Diodes
- •Charge-Coupled Devices
- •Compound Semiconductor Heterostructures
- •Microchip Manufacturing
- •Alessandro volta
- •Volta's pile
- •Thomas alva edison
- •Early Life
- •Family Life
- •Early inventions
- •Menlo park laboratory
- •The Telephone
- •The Phonograph
- •The Incandescent Lamp
- •Electric Power Distribution Systems
- •The Edison Effect
- •Glenmont
- •Motion Pictures
- •Edison's Studio
- •The Electric Battery
- •Attitude Toward Work
- •Ambrose fleming
- •Very happy thought
- •Nonagenarian
- •Consultant
- •Leon charles thevenin
- •Teaching
- •A Good Launch
- •A Crucial Theorem
- •Lee de forest: last of the great inventors
- •In Business
- •Towards the Triode
- •Patent Battles
- •Success
- •Edwin henry colpitts
- •Oscillator
- •Ralph hartley
- •Harry nyquist
- •American physicist, electrical and communications engineer, a prolific inventor who made fundamental theoretical and practical contributions to telecommunications. The Sweden years
- •Education and Career in the u.S.A.
- •Nyquist and fax
- •Nyquist's Signal Sampling Theory
- •Nyquist Theorem
- •Nyquist and Information Theory
- •Russell and sigurd varian
- •Childhood
- •Russell
- •The klystron
- •Celebration
- •Walter brattain
- •"The only regret I have about the transistor is its use for rock and roll”.
- •A Home on the Ranch
- •Physics Was the Only Thing He Was Good at
- •An Off the Cuff Explanation
- •After World War II
- •The First Transistor
- •Rifts in the Lab
- •The Nobel Prize
- •Back to Washington
- •Education
- •Inventor of the Transistor
- •Contributions and Honors
- •Inventor of the first successful computer
- •The Mother of Invention
- •Launching the v1
- •An Electronic Computer
- •The Survivor
- •After the War
- •Rudolph kompfner
- •Architect
- •Internment
- •Travelling-wave Tube
- •Satellites
- •Alan mathison turing
- •The solitary genius who wanted to build a brain.
- •Childhood
- •Computable Numbers
- •Bletchley Park
- •Jack kilby
- •The Begining
- •The Chip that Changed the World
- •Toward the Future
- •Robert noyce
- •A noted visionary and natural leader, Robert Noyce helped to create a new industry when he developed the technology that would eventually become the microchip. Starting up
- •At Bell Labs
- •Founding Fairchild Semiconductor
- •Ic Development
- •Herbert kroemer
- •Too Many Lists
- •Postal Service
- •Theory into Practice
- •Back in the Heterostructure Game
- •Halls of Academia
- •Tuesday Morning, 3 a.M.
- •Heterostructures explained
- •Abbreviations
- •British and american spelling differences
- •Numerical prefixes
- •Prefixes for si units
- •Навчальне видання
- •21021, М.Вінниця, Хмельницьке шосе, 95, внту
- •21021, М.Вінниця, Хмельницьке шосе, 95, внту
Early inventions
Edison acquired his knowledge of electricity and telegraphy (use of a telegraph system to communicate at a distance) as a teenager. In 1868, at age 21, he developed a telegraphic vote-recording machine1, the first of his inventions to be patented. The next year, Edison invented an improved version of the stock ticker2, which printed stock market quotations and gold prices on a paper tape. Unlike older stock tickers, Edison's was fully automatic, and it did away with the need for a special attendant to operate each machine.
These early inventions brought Edison no financial returns. The first invention to bring him money was another improvement on the stock ticker. Edison created a central mechanism by which all the receiving tickers could be put in unison with the main sending apparatus. For this invention, Edison received $40,000, which would be worth $530,000 in 2000. He and a business partner, who operated a machine shop, used the money to start a new company to manufacture Edison's improved stock ticker. For the next five years Edison spent up to 18 hours a day in his workshop in Newark, New Jersey, inventing and manufacturing a variety of electrical devices. One important device that he designed during this period was the quadruplex, a highly efficient telegraph that could send four messages at a time over a telegraph wire, instead of just one.
Menlo park laboratory
In 1876, Edison established a laboratory at Menlo Park, New Jersey, the first laboratory dedicated to industrial research in the world. Within ten years people throughout the world knew of Edison as the Wizard of Menlo Park.
The Telephone
Edison's first major achievement at Menlo Park was an improvement on the telephone. The telephone that Alexander Graham Bell invented in 1876 could not operate over distances of more than 3 to 5 km. After hundreds of experiments, Edison improved the telephone to such an extent that it could carry speech clearly over almost unlimited distances. In March 1878, Edison's telephone system connected New York City to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, a distance of 172 km .
The Phonograph
While working on the telephone, Edison also worked on perhaps his most original invention. He had noticed how the phone's diaphragm, a thin membrane in the microphone, vibrated in tune with the voice. He thought that if these vibrations could somehow be recorded, so that the diaphragm could be made to vibrate in exactly the same manner at any future time, then speech, music, and other sounds could be preserved and reproduced. Edison tested the strength of the diaphragm vibrations by holding a needle against the diaphragm with his finger, so that the needle pricked his finger with a force that varied with the loudness of the sounds.
In a later experiment, he applied one end of the needle to the diaphragm and the other end to a strip of waxed paper. He then pulled the paper along underneath the needle while repeatedly shouting, "Hello!" The needle, activated by the vibrations of the diaphragm, created grooves in the paper. When the paper was again pulled along underneath the needle, the needle followed the grooves it had formed earlier and pushed against the diaphragm, making the diaphragm reproduce Edison's shouts. This first crude experiment, performed in 1877, marked the beginning of the phonograph.
Edison obtained a patent on the phonograph in February 1878. By this time he had replaced the waxed paper with metal cylinders covered with tinfoil. He postponed further development of the phonograph, however, for some years.