Вариант 2

I. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, определите его время и залог; предложения переведите.

The world’s first nuclear power station began to generate electricity in 1954.

The power station will be reconstructed in a few years

Most of the world’s electricity is generated in power stations

Radium emits more powerful rays than uranium.

The first lightning rod was invented by B.Franklin

II.Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого из них (укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого); предложения переведите.

Heating water, we transform it into steam.

Generators producing electricity get the power from steam or water turbines.

Steam engines were first tried in airplanes.

III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, предложения переведите.

The electrical appliance must be earthed.

The engineer had to check power supply.

This mechanic will be able to repair any type of engine.

Heat energy can be converted into electricity.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

SOURCES OF POWER

The industrial progress of mankind is based on power: power for industrial plants, machines, heating and lighting systems, transport, communication. In fact, one can hardly find a sphere where power is not required.

At present most of the power required is obtained mainly from two sources. One is from the burning of fossil fuels, i.e. coal, natural gas and oil. The second way of producing electricity is by means of generators that get their power from steam or water turbines. Electricity so produced then flows through transmission lines to houses, industrial plants, enterprises, etc.

It should be noted, however, that the generation of electricity by these conventional processes is highly uneconomic. Actually, only about 40 per cent of heat in the fuel is converted into electricity. Besides, the world resources of fossil fuels are not ever-lasting. On the one hand, the power produced by hydroelectric plants, even if increased many times, will be able to provide for only a small fraction of the power required in the near future. Therefore much effort and thought is being given to other means of generating electricity.

Using atomic fuel for the production of electricity is highly promising. it is a well-known fact, that one pound of uranium contains as much energy as three million pounds of coal, so cheap power can be provided wherever is required. However, the efficiency reached in generating power form atomic fuel is not high.

No wonder, therefore, that scientists all over the world are doing their best to fond more efficient ways of generating electricity directly form the fuel.

Вариант 3

I. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них

глагол-сказуемое, определите его время и залог; предложения переведите на русский язык.

Astronomers proved the law by experiments.

In small matters the law gives different results.

The new law of gravitation was produced by Einstein.

This device will be demonstrated in a technical laboratory.

Light is little affected by gravitation.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I или Participle II и установите функции каждого из них (укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого); предложения переведите.

Applying the method, the scientists got the results desired.

The pressure increased was measured exactly.

The engineer is testing the power unit now.

III. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент, предложения переведите.

He must illustrate this law by several experiments.

The students will be able to carry out this research themselves

This test can be dangerous.

The students had to solve some salt in water

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

GRAVITATION

Gravitation is a very important force in the universe. Every object has a gravitational pull which is like magnetism. But, unlike magnetism, gravitation is not only in iron and steel. It is in every object large or small; but large objects, such as earth, have a stronger pull than small ones.

Isaac Newton, the great scientist of the seventeenth century, first studied gravitation. When he was a boy, he often saw how apples fell to the ground. He wondered why they fell towards the earth and why they did not fly up into the sky.

According to the law which he later produced everything in the universe attracts everything else towards itself. The sun attracts the earth and the earth attracts the sun. The earth attracts the moon and the moon attracts the sun. Although the bigger object has the stronger attraction, 11 objects, in fact, have some attraction too but we do not notice the gravitational pull of a book because the pull of the earth is very much greater.

Why does the earth always move round the sun, and not fly off into cold space? The sun's gravitation gives the answer. The earth always tries to move away in a straight line, but the sun always pulls it back. So it continues on its journey round and round the sun.

The sun is one of the stars in the galaxy, in which there are about 100,000 million stars. It is not in the middle of the galaxy, but rather near one edge.

There are millions of galaxies in the universe and so there are thousands of millions of millions of suns. Many astronomers believe that some of these suns have planets as our sun does.

Gravitation is the force which holds all the atoms of a star together. It holds the sun together and it holds the atoms of the earth together. It holds us on the earth.