Unit 2 the ruminant stomach

Ex. 1. Repeat the following words after the teacher:

rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, abdomen, mucous, papilla (papillae), cellule, muscle, posterior, glandular, compartment, quarter, lining, quite, surface, owner, suspect, tongue, respiration, breathing, lesion, specimen, weight,dorsal, ventral, membrane, sphincter, biopsy, collectively, structure, domestic, histologically.

Ex. 2. Repeat the following adverbs after the teacher, pronounce the adjectives corresponding to these adverbs and translate them:

collectively, normally, relatively, highly, slowly, histologically, commonly, locally.

Ex. 3 Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to the underlined words.

1. The stomach of the ruminant consists of four parts or compartments: rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum.

2. breathing – respiration

When the temperature is high the breathing becomes difficult.

3. The noun “difficulty” is formed from the adjective “difficult”.

The difficulty is that we have no medicine for this disease.

4. A cow and an ox are cattle. A cow is a female and an ox is a male.

5. surface – поверхность

The veterinarian found a lesion on the surface of the leg.

6. The weight of this pig is 50 pounds and the weight of that one is 55 pounds.

7. deep – глубокий

The wound on the back of the patient is deep.

8. There are some lesions on the front part of the head.

9. Veterinarians examine animals on the farms regularly.

10. Horses stand when they sleep and pigs lie when they sleep.

11. appearance – внешний вид

The appearance of the dog became better after the treatment.

12. The adjective “old” is the antonym of the adjective “young”.

This cat is rather old. It is 10 years of age.

13. Cows, horses, sheep, dogs, cats and many other animals have two jaws (челюсть). They are called the upper and the lower jaws.

14. Normally cats live ten years.

15. You know the adjective “preventive”. What is the meaning of the verb “to prevent”?

The task of the veterinarians is to prevent infectious diseases.

16. Some medicines are injected under the skin and other medicines are injected intramuscularly.

17. to fill – наполнять

They fill feeding troughs (кормушки) with fodder every morning.

18. to suspect – подозревать

The veterinarian suspects pneumonia in my dog.

19. to resemble – походить, иметь сходство

The lesion resembles an abscess.

20. to refer to – рассматривать как; называть

Four parts of the ruminant stomach are referred to as “the stomachs”.

Существительное в притяжательном падеже – The Possessive Case

Существительное в притяжательном падеже (the Possessive Case) служит определением к другому существительному и отвечает на вопрос whose? чей?,, обозначая принадлежность предмета. В форме притяжательного падежа употребляются в основном существительные одушевленные.

Притяжательный падеж существительных в единственном числе образуется прибавлением к существительному окончания –s:

Jack’s friend друг Джека

horse’s leg нога лошади

cow’s stomach желудок коровы

Притяжательный падеж существительных во множественном числе обозначается одним только знаком апострофа:

veterinarians’ instructions указания врачей

students’ books книги студентов

Ex. 4. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the Possessive Case of the nouns.

1. The veterinarian’s instructions must be followed strictly.

2. The patient’s heart was in bad condition.

3. These scientists’ experiment will be accomplished in a year.

4. My friend’s dog was taken to the clinic yesterday.

5. The animals’ health depends on veterinarians.

6. The cow’s temperature is very high today.

Помните! Существительное может служить определением к другому существительному и тогда, когда оно стоит перед ним в общем падеже, т.е. без всякого изменения формы. Такое существительное переводится на русский язык прилагательным или существительным в одном из косвенных падежей:

heart activity – сердечная активность, активность сердца

blood circulation – циркуляция крови

Ex. 5. Translate the following combinations of nouns:

tissue layer, wound size, joint fracture, fluid medicine, chest wound, stomach contents, digestion function.

Ex. 6. Mark combinations of two nouns in the following sentences:

1. This fluid matter will be examined under the microscope.

2. The mouth breathing is observed in the horse today.

3. The veterinarian suspects the joint fracture in this patient.

4. The skin surface of this dog is covered by lesions.

5. We often use blood transfusion in severe cases.

6. Cell re production is a constant process.

Ex.7. Make up combinations of nouns using the following words:

кожное повреждение, вес тела, перелом спины, инъекция лекарства, осмотр тела, операция желудка, содержимое желудка.