book 1_2013

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LESSON 1

UNIT 1.1. FAMILY. RELATIONSHIPS

Vocabulary: Family Relations

Introductory Reading

1. a) Read the text and find out the meaning of the target words (in bold type).

Your closest relatives are your parents: your mother (female parent) and father (male parent); and your siblings (brothers or sisters). They are your immediate family. If your mother or father is not an only child (has no brothers or sisters), you also have aunts and/or uncles. Your aunt is the sister of your mother or father, while your uncle is the brother of one of your parents. Your female child is called your daughter, and your male child is your son.

If your aunts or uncles have children, they are your (first) cousins1. Your female cousin is your mother's (or father's) niece, while a male cousin is the nephew of your mother and father.

When you marry, your husband's (or wife's) family becomes your in-laws. The mother of your spouse (husband or wife) is your mother-in-law and his or her father becomes your father-in-law. The word in-law is also used to describe your relationship with the spouses of your siblings. So the husband of your sister becomes your brother-in-law, while the sister of your husband becomes your sister-in-law. If you are a woman, you become the daughter-in-law of your husband's parents, and if you are a man, you become the son- in-law of your wife's parents. The same term in-law is used for all generations. The husband of your aunt is still your mother's brother- in-law, for example.

The parents of your parents are your grandparents – grandmother and grandfather. You are their grandchildren – either a granddaughter or a grandson. If your grandparent has a sister/brother, she/he is your great-aunt / great-uncle, and you are either his or her great-niece or great-nephew.

1 In English, the word cousin is used, whether the cousin is female or male

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The mother of your grandmother or grandfather is your greatgrandmother, her father is your great-grandfather. If you go back another generation, the grandparents of your grandparents become your great-great-grandfather/great-great-grandmother.

If your mother or father remarries, you can acquire a new family and set of relatives. For example, if your father marries a second wife, she becomes your step-mother. Similarly, if your mother marries a second husband, he becomes your step-father. Any children she already has become your step-sisters or step-brothers. If your mother or father remarries and then has children, they become your half-brothers or half-sisters. A child whose parents are dead is an orphan. If an orphan child is adopted to another family, the child's adoptive parents are his/her foster-parents (foster-mother/foster- father) and he/she is a foster-child (foster-son/foster-daughter). You might also hear people talking about their biological brother/sister etc, to mean a brother who is related by blood, rather than by marriage, in other words – blood relative.

The family consisting of mother, father and children is called a nuclear family1. A family which only has one parent (because the parents are divorced or because one of the parents has died) is called a single-parent or a one-parent family. Your entire family, that is the whole kin, is your extended family. A family where the members have close relationships with each other is called a close-knit family. A family, the members of which have serious problems with each other is called a dysfunctional family.

(based on: www.english-at-home.com)

b)* Learn the following:

I. Types of relationships

1Nuclear family – ( .)

2Mate is a colloquial word for a good friend. It can also be used in compounds to describe a person you share something with, e.g. classmate, shipmate, workmate, flatmate.

3Workmate is usual in non-professional contexts; colleague is more common among professional people.

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c) Read and translate the following sentences. Mind the use of italicized phrases and idioms concerning relationships.

1.She doesn’t just like Bob she idolizes him! 2. I can’t stand him. 3. I really fancy Lisa, but her friend just turns me off. 4. Jo and I get on well with each other. 5. Tony and Jane have broken up / split up. 6. Children should respect their elders. 7. Let’s try and make it up

(be friends again after a row). She’s my junior / I’m her senior /I’m senior to her, so she does what she’s told (referring to position/length of service at work).

2.Fill in the chart using the information from Ex. 1. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

parents

father

mother

1 English has no universally accepted word for “person I live with but am not married to”, partner is probably the most common.

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siblings

only child

aunt

uncle

daughter

son

(first) cousin

niece

nephew

in-laws

spouse

mother-in-law

father-in-law

brother-in-law

sister-in-law

daughter-in-law

son-in-law

grandparents (grandmother/grandfather)

grandchildren (grandson/granddaughter)

great-uncle/great/aunt

great niece/great-nephew

great-grandmother/great- grandfather

great-great-grandmother/ great-great-grandfather

stepmother

stepfather

step-sister

step-brother

half-sister

half-brother

biological brother/sister

blood relative

single-parent/one-parent family

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immediate family

extended family

kin

close-knit family

dysfunctional family

orphan

foster-father/foster-mother

foster-son/foster-daughter

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Reading

Pre-Reading Activities

Answer the following questions:

1) Do you think that family traditions are still maintained in Ukrainian families? Do you consider them important? 2) What special traditions does your family have? Do you keep them? 3) Do family values and traditions help to make families stronger and united? 4) What are the main reasons of family crisis in Ukraine, in your opinion? Give your reasons. 5) What values do you consider the most important for your family?

4. a) Read and translate the text.

Family Values

Family is basically the core of our way of living. The family values have been important since the very beginning of our civilization. Even the primitive caveman was very loyal and respectful to his particular family unit. People of our time have followed these ideas of family values up until the present day. Today however people are more diversified and separated in their ways, but they all share similar values of the family. Civilization, over time, has brought about values which have become essential to all and these values are passed on from generation to generation. Family value is what we think about the family and the quality of living. It basically gets down to what you think is the most important, in other words, what you value. In typical family the importance of honesty, close family relationships, forgiveness, generosity, caring, respect for each other, privacy, freedom to choose, appreciation of achievements, feeling of belonging is promoted.

Family is more than a place where we eat and sleep. It is the place where we get to know what matters most and learn the great lessons about being human. But how do people teach these essential things? The most efficient way to teach values is by example. Parents

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teach kindness by the way they treat each other in the family; they teach service by the way they reach out to people around them; they teach resourcefulness by the way they solve family problems. When a family member is having trouble, do all the rest unite to support that person? When a person breaks important family rules, do the others try to help that person find better ways? Children learn by example.

Another way to develop family values is by the stories told in the family. The simple conversations of life show what people value. When parents tell their children how much they appreciate somebody's helpfulness, they are showing what is important to them. In addition, many families regularly talk about their heroes. These heroes may be great citizens of the world, literary characters, or scriptural figures. Talking about heroes and their deeds sends the children powerful messages about the values honoured by the family. In some families it is customary to invite family members at a leisurely weekend dinner to talk about their best experience of the day or the past week. This can not only help us to learn about each other‘s values but also deepen the bonds that unite us as a family.

The efficient way to teach values is by the traditions instituted in the family. For example, the family that makes a tradition of helping neighbours teaches caring. The family, in which members help each other in times of need, is teaching cooperation. The family, in which parents do not make their children follow their own life style, promotes the freedom of choice. Positive family values don't just happen. Family members learn to be strong and caring people partly because the family has carefully cultivated practices that support those values. The adults in a strong family set the tone. They are good models that lead by example. They reach out to friends and community and teach their children the importance of doing the same – and that becomes part of who the children are. They work together to deal with problems, and they pass their skills on to the next generation.

What exactly makes up a strong family that possesses good family values? A family that sustains its members is the one that supports and nourishes them throughout the span of that family. A strong family creates a safe, positive and supportive place for all members to thrive. A healthy, happy family benefits our whole society. Among the children of strong families there is less crime, less divorce and less emotional problems. They tend to go on and have

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strong, healthy families of their own, having learned from their folk’s example.

b) Learn the following words.

Core – , ; caveman –

; however – , …; diversified –

, ; essential – ; reach out –

…, …; to treat – …; resourcefulness – ; ; scriptural –

; bond – ; deed – ; customary – ; to deepen – ; to institute – ,

; generosity – , ; appreciation – , ; to promote – ,

; partly – ; to sustain – ,

; span – ; to thrive – ; folk(s) –

.) , .

5. Comprehension check

1. How do family members learn to be strong and caring people? 2. What can help us to learn about each other‘s values but also deepen the bonds that unite us as a family? 3. What does a strong family create? 4. The family in which members help each other in times of need is a dysfunctional family, isn't it? 5. Does a healthy, happy family benefit our whole society? 6. What sort of values do typical families usually cultivate? 7. What is the most important way to teach values? 8. The family that makes a tradition of helping neighbours teaches selfishness, doesn't it? 9. Can the values be taught by the way people solve family problems? 10. Who usually sets the tone in a strong family?

6.Find in the text words similar in meaning to the following:

1)custom, convention; 2) all the people of approximately the same age, esp. when considered as sharing certain attitudes, etc.; 3) a grownup person; 4) a human society that has highly developed material and spiritual resources and a complex cultural, political, and legal organization; 5) to establish; 6) significance; 7) to provide the necessities of life for (a family, person, etc.); 8) joint action, collaboration; 9) the others; 10) strong, influential.

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