Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE UK.doc
Скачиваний:
141
Добавлен:
11.02.2016
Размер:
236.54 Кб
Скачать

4.2. Types of universities in the uk

Most universities in the United Kingdom can be classified into 6 main categories:

  • Ancient universities.

  • London universities.

  • Red Brick universities.

  • Plate Glass Universities.

  • The Open University.

  • New Universities.

Ancient universities

The ancient universities in United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland are, in order of formation:

  • University of Oxford– founded before 1167.

  • University of Cambridge– foundedin 1209.

  • University of St Andrews– founded in1413 (incorporating theUniversity of Dundeefrom 1897 to 1967).

  • University of Glasgow– foundedin 1451.

  • University of Aberdeen– foundedin 1495 (asKing’s College, Aberdeen).

  • University of Edinburgh– foundedin 1582.

  • University of Dublin(Trinity College, Dublin) – founded 1592.

Following the creation of the ancient universities, no more universities were created in the region until the late 18th century.

The University of Oxford (or simply Oxford), located in the city ofOxford,Oxfordshire, England, isthe oldest university in the English-speaking world. It is alsoregardedasone of the worlds leading academic institutions.The most distinctive features of this university are its tutorial and college systems.

The colleges* are completely autonomous: each college has its own tutors, administrators, grounds, residence halls and traditions. Students apply to a college, rather than to Oxford University, and most Oxford students readily identify themselves as students at their particular college, rather than the University itself. While each college monitors students’ academic progress and personal welfare, Oxford University conducts degree examinations, confers degrees, organizes lectures and maintains museums, libraries, laboratories and lecture halls. The faculties of the university are responsible for teaching and scholarship within their disciplines and provide tutors to students within their disciplines in the colleges.

The hallmark of Oxford University academics is the tutorial system. The tutorial is typically a one-hour meeting between one or two students and the tutor. Tutorials usually meet once a week or every other week, and at the center of the tutorial is an essay on a topic the tutor previously assigned. The tutor will lead a discussion about the essay topic in an effort to provide new insights. At the end of the tutorial, the tutor will assign a new topic and may offer recommended reading. Tutorials are individually arranged, taking into account the subject to be studied and the tutor’s area of expertise. They are similar to independent study courses, but Oxford students bear even more responsibility for conducting independent research and maintaining good academic progress. Oxford University organizes weekly lectures on myriad academic subjects, and all students at the University, regardless of college, are welcome to attend. Lectures are not usually mandatory except for some science subjects, but tutors often recommend them as good supplements to tutorials and research.

The University of Cambridge** isone of the world’s oldest universities and leading academic centres, and a self-governed community of scholars. Cambridge comprises 31 Colleges and over 150 departments, faculties, schools and other institutions.

Each college is an independent institution with its own property and income. The colleges appoint their own staff and are responsible for selecting students, in accordance with University regulations. The teaching of students is shared between the Colleges and University departments. Degrees are awarded by the University.

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]