- •21. To Do or Make / Faire
- •22. Work & School / Le Travail & l'Ecole
- •23. Prepositions & Contractions
- •You can also use dessus and dessous as adverbs to mean over it / on top of it and beneath it / underneath it, respectively. They are not followed by nouns or pronouns, unlike prepositions.
- •In: Dans vs. En Dans is used to show the time when an action will begin, while en shows the length of time an action takes.
- •24. Countries and Nationalities / Les pays et les nationalitEs
- •25. Negative Sentences
- •26. To / In and From places, cities, and countries
- •Notice how several conjugations are pronounced the same. This is why you must use the subject pronouns in French.
- •2. Verbs that add or change to an accent grave: Some verbs add or change to an accent grave (è) in all the forms except the nous and vous.
- •Regular Verbs: Formation of the Past Participle
- •32. Irregular Past Participles
- •33. Etre Verbs
- •Vous can have any of the endings. To form the negative, place ne...Pas around the auxiliary verb: Je ne suis pas resté.
- •34. Food and Meals / La Nourriture et Les Repas
- •Lettuce can also be referred to as la salade verte.
- •36. To Take, Eat or Drink
- •37. Quantities
- •38. Commands
- •Ne sois pas méchant avec ta sœur ! Don't be mean to your sister! n'ayez pas peur ! Don't be afraid! Sachez que j'apprécie votre aide. Know that I appreciate your help.
- •39. More Negatives
- •If someone is named after a saint, you can wish them bonne fête on that saint's feast day. In Quebec, bonne fête is used for Happy Birthday.
In: Dans vs. En Dans is used to show the time when an action will begin, while en shows the length of time an action takes.
Je pars dans quinze minutes. I'm leaving in 15 minutes. Il peut lire ce livre en une demi-heure. He can read this book in a half hour.
With: Avec vs. De vs. A vs. Chez Avec implies doing something or going along with someone; de is used in phrases of manner and in many idiomatic expressions; à is used when referring to someone's attributes; and chez is used to mean "as far as (person) is concerned." To describe the way a person carries him/herself, no extra word is used.
Je vais en France avec ma sœur. I'm going to France with my sister. Elle me remercie d'un sourire. She thanks me with a smile. L'homme aux cheveux roux est très grand. The man with the red hair is very tall. Chez cet enfant, tout est simple. With this child, everything is simple. Il marche, les mains dans les poches. He walks with his hands in his pockets.
24. Countries and Nationalities / Les pays et les nationalitEs
Africa |
l'Afrique (f) |
/afʀik/ |
Hebrew (lang.) |
hébreu |
/ebʀø/ |
African |
africain/e |
/afʀikɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Italy |
l'Italie (f) |
/itali/ |
Albania |
l'Albanie (f) |
/albani/ |
Italian |
italien/ne |
/italjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Albanian |
albanais/e |
/albanɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Japan |
le Japon |
/ʒapɔ̃/ |
Algeria |
l'Algérie (f) |
/alʒeʀi/ |
Japanese |
japonais/e |
/ʒapɔnɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Algerian |
algérien/ne |
/alʒeʀjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Korea |
la Corée |
/kɔʀe/ |
America |
l'Amérique (f) |
/ameʀik/ |
Korean |
coréen/ne |
/kɔʀeɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
American |
américain/e |
/ameʀikɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Latvia |
la Lettonie |
/letɔni/ |
Argentina |
l'Argentine (f) |
/aʀʒɑ̃tin/ |
Latvian |
letton/ne |
/letɔ̃/ /ɔn/ |
Argentine |
argentin/e |
/aʀʒɑ̃tɛ̃/ /in/ |
Lithuania |
la Lituanie |
/litɥani/ |
Asia |
l'Asie (f) |
/azi/ |
Lithuanian |
lituanien/ne |
/litɥanjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Asian |
asiatique |
/azjatik/ |
Luxembourg |
le Luxembourg |
/lyksɑ̃buʀ/ |
Australia |
l'Australie (f) |
/ostʀali/ |
Luxembourger |
luxembourgeois/e |
/lyksɑ̃buʀʒwa/ /az/ |
Australian |
australien/ne |
/ostʀaljɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Macedonia |
la Macédoine |
/masedwan/ |
Austria |
l'Autriche (f) |
/otʀiʃ/ |
Macedonian |
macédonien/ne |
/masedɔnjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Austrian |
autrichien/ne |
/otʀiʃjɛ̃/ , /ɛn/ |
Malta |
Malte (f) |
/malt/ |
Belgium |
la Belgique |
/bɛlʒik/ |
Maltese |
maltais/e |
/maltɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Belgian |
belge |
/bɛlʒ/ |
Morocco |
le Maroc |
/maʀɔk/ |
Bosnia |
la Bosnie |
/bɔsni/ |
Moroccan |
marocain/e |
/maʀɔkɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Bosnian |
bosniaque |
/bɔsniak/ |
Netherlands |
les Pays-Bas |
/peibɑ/ |
Brazil |
le Brésil |
/bʀezil/ |
Dutch |
néerlandais/e |
/neɛʀlɑ̃dɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Brazilian |
brésilien/ne |
/bʀeziljɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Dutch (person) |
hollandais/e |
/'ɔlɑ̃ dɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Bulgaria |
la Bulgarie |
/bylgaʀi/ |
New Zealand |
la Nouvelle-Zélande |
/nuvɛlzelɑ̃d/ |
Bulgarian |
bulgare |
/bylgaʀ/ |
New Zealander |
néo-zélandais/e |
/neozelɑ̃dɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Cambodia |
le Cambodge |
/kɑ̃bɔdʒ/ |
Norway |
la Norvège |
/nɔʀvɛʒ/ |
Cambodian |
cambodgien/ne |
/kɑ̃bɔdʒjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Norwegian |
norvégien/ne |
/nɔʀveʒjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Canada |
le Canada |
/kanada/ |
Poland |
la Pologne |
/pɔlɔɲ/ |
Canadian |
canadien/ne |
/kanadjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Polish |
polonais/e |
/pɔlɔnɛ/ /ɛz/ |
China |
la Chine |
/ʃin/ |
Portugal |
le Portugal |
/pɔʀtygal/ |
Chinese |
chinois/e |
/ʃinwa/ /az/ |
Portuguese |
portugais/e |
/pɔʀtygɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Croatia |
la Croatie |
/kʀɔasi/ |
Quebec |
le Québéc |
/kebɛk/ |
Croatian |
croate |
/kʀɔat/ |
Quebecker |
québécois/e |
/kebekwa/ /az/ |
Czech Republic |
la République Tchèque |
/ʀepyblik tʃɛk/ |
Romania |
la Roumanie |
/ʀumani/ |
Czech |
tchèque |
/tʃɛk/ |
Romanian |
roumain/e |
/ʀumɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Denmark |
le Danemark |
/danmaʀk/ |
Russia |
la Russie |
/ʀysi/ |
Danish |
danois/e |
/danwa/ /az/ |
Russian |
russe |
/ʀys/ |
Egypt |
l'Egypte (f) |
/eʒipt/ |
Scotland |
l'Ecosse |
/ekɔs/ |
Egyptian |
égyptien/e |
/eʒipsjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Scottish |
écossais/e |
/ekɔsɛ/ /ɛz/ |
England |
l'Angleterre (f) |
/ɑ̃glətɛʀ/ |
Senegal |
le Sénégal |
/senegal/ |
English |
anglais/e |
/ɑ̃glɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Senegalese |
sénégalais/e |
/senegalɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Estonia |
l'Estonie |
/ɛstɔni/ |
Serbia |
la Serbie |
/sɛʀbi/ |
Estonian |
estonien/ne |
/ɛstonjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Serbian |
serbe |
/sɛʀb/ |
Europe |
l'Europe (f) |
/øʀɔp/ |
Slovakia |
la Slovaquie |
/slɔvaki/ |
European |
européen/ne |
/øʀɔpeɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Slovak |
slovaque |
/slɔvak/ |
Finland |
la Finlande |
/fɛ̃lɑ̃d/ |
Slovenia |
la Slovénie |
/slɔveni/ |
Finnish |
finnois/e |
/finwa/ /az/ |
Slovene |
slovène |
/slɔvɛn/ |
France |
la France |
/fʀɑ̃s/ |
Spain |
l'Espagne (f) |
/ɛspaɲ/ |
French |
français/e |
/fʀɑ̃sɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Spanish |
espagnol/e |
/ɛspaɲɔl/ |
Germany |
l'Allemagne (f) |
/almaɲ/ |
Sweden |
la Suède |
/sɥɛd/ |
German |
allemand/e |
/almɑ̃/ /ɑ̃d/ |
Swedish |
suédois/e |
/sɥedwa/ /az/ |
Great Britain |
la Grande-Bretagne |
/gʀɑ̃dbʀətaɲ/ |
Switzerland |
la Suisse |
/sɥis/ |
British |
britannique |
/bʀitanik/ |
Swiss |
suisse |
/sɥis/ |
Greece |
la Grèce |
/gʀɛs/ |
Taiwan |
le Taïwan |
/tajwan/ |
Greek |
grec / grecque |
/gʀɛk/ |
Taiwanese |
taïwanais/e |
/tajwanɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Hungary |
la Hongrie |
/'ɔ̃gʀi/ |
Tunisia |
la Tunisie |
/tynizi/ |
Hungarian |
hongrois/e |
/'ɔ̃gʀwa/ /az/ |
Tunisian |
tunisien/ne |
/tynizjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Iceland |
l'Islande |
/islɑ̃d/ |
Turkey |
la Turquie |
/tyʀki/ |
Icelandic |
islandais/e |
/islɑ̃dɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Turk |
turc / turcque |
/tyʀk/ |
India |
l'Inde |
/ɛ̃d/ |
Ukraine |
l'Ukraine |
/ykʀɛn/ |
Indian |
indien/ne |
/ɛ̃djɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Ukrainian |
ukrainien/ne |
/ykʀɛnjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Indonesia |
l'Indonésie (f) |
/ɛ̃dɔnezi/ |
United Kingdom |
la Royaume-Uni |
/ʀwajomyni/ |
Indonesian |
indonésien/ne |
/ɛ̃dɔnezjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
United States |
les Etats-Unis |
/etazyni/ |
Ireland |
l'Irlande (f) |
/iʀlɑ̃d/ |
Vietnam |
le Vietnam |
/viɛtnam/ |
Irishman |
irlandais/e |
/iʀlɑ̃dɛ/ /ɛz/ |
Vietnamese |
vietnamien/ne |
/vjɛtnamjɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Israel |
l'Israël |
/isʀael/ |
Wales |
le Pays-de-Galles |
/peidəgal/ |
Israeli |
israëlien/ne |
/isʀaeljɛ̃/ /ɛn/ |
Welsh |
gallois/e |
/galwɑ/ /ɑz/ |
The masculine forms of the nationalities are also used for the language. Adjectives of nationalities and languages are not capitalized in written French. The definite article is not used before a language when it follows the verb parler (to speak): Je parle anglais. Notice that French also uses hollandais when referring to Dutch people and sometimes the Dutch language, but this is not exactly correct (just as it is not correct to use Holland when referring to the Netherlands in English). Also notice that you do not use the definite article with Malte.