SMOKING AND HUMAN HEALTH (Паління і здоров’я людини)

TEXT: What are the health effects of smoking cigarettes?

GRAMMAR: Present Simple vs Present Continuous

Pre-text assignments

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary

Carcinogenic	[ˌkɑːsɪnəˈdʒenɪk]	канцерогенний
Cannabis	[ˈkænəbɪs]	конопля
Carbon monoxide	[ˈkɑːbən mɒˈnɒksaɪd]	окис вуглецю
To reproduce	[ˌriːprəˈdjuːs]	відтворювати
Oxidative	[ˌɒksɪˈdeɪtiv]	окислювальний
Obstructive pulmonary disease	[əbˈstrʌktiv ˈpʌlmənərɪ dɪˈziːz]	Обструктивна хвороба легень
Emergency	[i'mə:dʒənsi]	непередбачений випадок
DNA mutation	[mjuːˈteɪʃən]	мутація ДНК
Contributor	[kənˈtrɪbjʊtə]	той, що сприяє
To quit	[kwɪt]	покинути
To diagnose	['daiəgnəuz]	діагностувати
Lung cancer	[lΛŋ 'kænsə]	рак легенів
Smokers	[ˈsməʊkəʳz]	курці
Irritation	[iri'tei∫n]	роздратування
Fertility	[fɜːˈtɪlɪtɪ]	родючість
Stroke	[strəʊk]	удар, припадок
miscarriage	[mɪsˈkærɪdʒ]	викидень
Drawback	[ˈdrɔːbæk]	недолік
Pack-a-day	[ˈpæk əˌdeɪ]	пачка на день

Exercise 2. Guess, what a “second hand smoker” stands for. Think of other “smokers” ( non-smoker, heavy smoker, social smoker, etc)

Exercise 3. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following English ones.

Poisonous and carcinogenic chemicals, body’s immune system, health effects of cigarette smoking, to be inhaled into the lungs, to reach the brain, breast milk, to bind to hemoglobin in red blood cells, carbon monoxide poisoning, non-smokers, cancer-causing agents, inhaling the smoke, to damage important genes, growth of cells, to reproduce too rapidly, to affect the immune system functions, a lifetime pack–a–day smoker, to cause oxidative stress, to cause DNA mutation,a major risk factor for heart attacks, the aging process, adverse health effects, chronic inflammation, to contain radioactive heavy metals, risk factors for lung cancer, in the lungs of the smokers, the highly addictive ingredient,secondhand smoking

Exercise 4. Match the following terms with their proper definitions:

1. Nicotine 2.Inflammation 3.Chemical 4.Cancer 5.Cannabis 6.Antioxidant 7.Heart attack

a) a colourless oily acrid toxic liquid that turns yellowish-brown in air and light: the principal alkaloid in tobacco b) a substance, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, or beta carotene, that counteracts the damaging effects of oxidation in a living organism c) any sudden severe instance of abnormal heart functioning, especially coronary thrombosis d) the reaction of living tissue to injury or infection, characterized by heat, redness, swelling, and pain e) any type of malignant growth or tumour, caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division: it may spread through the lymphatic system or blood stream to other parts of the body f) the drug obtained from the dried leaves and flowers of the hemp plant, which is smoked or chewed for its psychoactive properties. It produces euphoria and relaxation; repeated use may lead to psychological dependence g) any substance used in or resulting from a reaction involving changes to atoms or molecules, especially one derived artificially for practical use

Exercise 5. Find the stem in the following words. Point out prefixes and suffixes. Translate into Ukrainian.

Inhale, internal, exclude, abnormally, accustomed, withdrawal, encouragement, motivation, exhale, successfully, external, addictive, radioactive, antioxidants, include, functioning, poisonous, reproduce

Exercise 6. Read and translate the following sentences, paying attention to the words in bold type. Give your own examples of conversion in English

1. Nicotine has been found in every part of a smoker’s body, including breast milk.

2. Milking is the act of removing milk from the mammary glands of an animal, typically cows.

3. Carbon monoxide is present in cigarette smoke.

4. E-cigarette will be the best present for me.

5. Antioxidants are nature’s way of combating the damage oxidative stress causes to the body’s cells.

6. Cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of death in the United States.

7. The health effects of smoking cigarettes are horribly destructive.

8. There is no smoke without a fire.

Exercise 7. Read and translate the text.