LESSON 11

RECEPTION OF CARGO (LOADING)

Words and Word Combinations

to approve одобрять, утверждать stability остойчивость seaworthiness мореходные качества proximity близость

to arrange располагать, размещать accessible доступный, имеющий доступ to make out выписывать (о документах) shortage недостача, нехватка

to insert вставлять, включать to verify проверять, сверять

to retain удерживать, сохранять reference ссылка, справка

post-dated датированный более поздним числом ante-dated датированный задним числом fraud обман, мошенничество

to depend (on) зависеть (от)

to press настаивать, вынуждать false ложный, фальшивый

а letter of guarantee гарантийное письмо a letter of indemnity

to insist настаивать preliminary предварительный gang бригада

to substitute заменять

114

mate's receipt штурманская расписка size размер, величина, габарит missing недостающий

to agree соглашаться, договариваться wet мокрый, влажный

to burst лопаться, разрываться shed навес, сарай

to find out выяснить, разузнать, обнаружить figure цифра, число

surplus избыток, излишек quantity количество

discrepancy расхождение, разногласие to warn предупреждать

to initial ставить инициалы, визировать (о документах) entry запись

to pertain (to) относиться, иметь отношение to suffice хватать, быть достаточным

to superintend наблюдать, контролировать to comply (with) подчиняться (правилам)

to station ставить на определенное место, помещать with regard to в отношении чего-л., относительно

Expressions

to take into account принимать во внимание, учитывать to satisfy oneself убедиться, удостовериться

as the case may be в зависимости от обстоятельств

to get into serious trouble получить серьезную неприятность our tallies don't agree наши подсчеты не сходятся

to substitute new bags for old ones заменить старые мешки новыми

115

the casks proved to be leaky бочки оказались с течью you must have made a mistake вы, вероятно, ошиблись to the effect that о том, что

to relay orders передавать приказания

You needn't worry about it. Вам не нужно об этом беспокоиться, the notice is served нотис предъявлен, вручен

TEXT

"Different ships, different long splices," as the saying goes. Still, there is much in common in the general routine of receiving or delivering goods on or from the ship.

The cargo is taken on board the ship in accordance with the cargo plan. This plan is drawn up by the agent beforehand and must be carefully considered and approved by the captain. In planning the stowage of the goods, the captain gives the first consideration to the safety of the ship. That means that he must see that the stowage of goods is planned in such a way that the ship will retain her stability and seaworthiness after the cargo has been loaded. This entails another problem: the ship must be duly trimmed and the extraweights, if any, must be properly lashed or secured so that they will not shift when the ship encounters heavy weather.

There are some other considerations which should be taken into account, too. First of all, different kinds of cargo should be stowed in such a manner that they would not damage or affect one another by contact or proximity. Then, if the cargo is shipped to several ports, each consignment must be so arranged that it might be easily and conveniently discharged in the appropriate port. In other words, it must be readily accessible and not "overstowed" with other goods.

Thus, after the cargo plan has been approved and due notices of readiness to load have been handed over, the second mate is first of all to get the holds ready. Then he is to look after the loading and stowage of the cargo.

The agent sends him a shipping note or order with each separate lot of

116

goods. The second mate arranges a careful tally of goods which are taken aboard. When the second mate has satisfied himself as to the exact quantity and condition of the goods received, he makes out the mate's receipt. In case of shortage or damaged condition of goods or defects of packing he is to make appropriate remarks in these mate's receipts. The mate's receipts are delivered to the shippers, to the stevedoring company or direct to the agent, as the case may be.

On the basis of these receipts, the agent makes out bills of lading in which he is to insert all the remarks contained in the mate's receipts.

Then the agent presents the issued bills of lading to the master for signature. The master calls for his second mate, verifies with him the accuracy of all the data, and then signs the bills of lading. As a rule, the second mate retains a copy of each bill for reference.

On no account should the master sign a post-dated or ante-dated bill of lading, for, by so doing, he may get into serious trouble as this may leave an opening for fraud; besides, contracts between shippers and receivers often depend on the date of shipment. A bill of lading should therefore be signed under date of shipment of the goods.

A master is sometimes pressed by a shipper to sign bills of lading, which are known to be false in some material particulars in return for a letter of indemnity. The master should never accept such a letter, but should insist on qualifying the bills of lading so that they contain statements which are true in substance and in fact.

After loading has been completed, a stowage plan and manifest of cargo are compiled. These are rather important and useful documents. They are usually sent ahead of the ship to the port of discharge so that preliminary arrangements may be made as to the type of discharging gear required and as to the number of gangs to handle the cargo. After that the proper method of disposal is arranged. A copy of the cargo manifest is also kept on the ship to be presented to the customs house when required.

117