Notes to the text:

1.sediment ['sedimәnt] — опади, осадки; осадочна порода, відкладення

2. rye — жито

3. barley ['ba:li] — ячмінь

4. oat [out] — овес

5. hemp [hemp] — конопля

6. buckwheat — гречиха

7. friendly and equal partner — дружній та рівноправний партнер

8. manganese — марганець

9. gypsum ['dzipsәm] — гіпс

10. bromine ['broumi:n] — бром

11. mercury — ртуть

12. feldspar ['feldspa:] — польовий шпат

13. peat [pi:t] — торф

14. solar ['soulә] — сонячний

Ex.8. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and word combinations.

1. Родючий шар ґрунту; 2. значний прогрес; 3. риночка економіка; 4. цукровий буряк; 5. світовий ринок; 6. щорічний; 7. сприяти; 8. перехід; 9. газопровід; 10. залізо.

Ex.9. Match the English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. wheat a) мати на увазі

2. corn b) внутрішній ринок

3. profit c) пшениця

4. land reform d) користь

5. fee e) земельна реформа

6. internal market f) кам’яна сіль

7. rock salt g) плата

8. deposit h) родовище

9. to take into account i) виплати

10) to extract j) зерно

Ex.10. Insert the suitable words or word combinations into the following sentences. The words are given below.

1. The top-soils are the biggest….of the Ukrainian land.

2. Sugar beet production….is 1000 kg.

3. Sugar can be called….

4. Oil and gas pipelines of….go through the territory of Ukraine.

5. Ukraine’s annual….is 150 million tons.

6. Ukraine’s….of oil and gas are Russia and Turkmenistan.

International significance; treasure; white gold; coal ?; per person?; main importers.

Ex.11. Find in the text and put down the answers to the questions in Ukrainian.

1. What is the biggest treasure of the Ukrainian land?

2. What do they grow in Ukraine?

3. How can sugar be called now?

4. What mineral resources does Ukraine satisfy its needs in?

5. How much electrical energy does Ukraine produce?

Ex.12. Read and translate the following text orally without a dictionary. List its main points in Ukrainian.

“Foreign Economic Activities and Relations of Ukraine

With the English-speaking countries ”

Ukraine’s enterprises conduct business transactions with partners in 137 countries. Ukraine’s major export items: metal, ores, coal, electricity, nitrogenous and phosphate fertilizer, soda, cement, glass, construction materials, machines, equipment, sugar, vegetable oil. Its major import items: oil, gas, timber, non-ferrous metals, cars machines and equipment, knitted wear and garments, top quality foodstuffs, medications.

Ukraine’s leading trade partners are: Russian, Germany, the USA, Italy, China, Turkey, the Czech Republic, Belarus, Turkmenistan, Latvia, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Poland, and Bulgaria.

Barter deals and export under federal contracts make up some 43% of the foreign trade turnover.

As now Ukraine is a sovereign state, it establishes new relations with the countries throughout the world. It sets direct contacts with many foreign coun­tries signing agreements and treaties. A lot of foreign Embassies have appealed in its capital lately. Ukraine is one of the founding members of the United Na­tions Organizations and participates in the work of many international orga­nizations.

The topics of our radio and television talks are often Ukrainian —American relations and our viewpoint on the prospect of their development, and a wide range of other international issues.

A fundamental reshaping of foreign policy could only be effected on the basis of a strictly scientific and objective reassessment of the present-day rea­lities. This evaluation the in-depth analysis of international affairs and the con­sideration of our national interests resulted in the new political thinking. Now­adays the political life is giving fresh grounds for the relations of mutual un­derstanding between Ukraine and the USA, Great Britain, Canada and other English-speaking countries. The new political thinking, as seen by the Ukra­inian leadership and by foreign experts, is not something frozen and immobile. It is exceptionally creative process, receptive to innovation.

The reason for the new type of relations is that all English-speaking coun­tries want to see broader economic ties with Ukraine. The exchanging of opi­nions with the delegations from the English-speaking countries are generally marked by goodwill and intense interest.

It is not a secret, that everybody showed an excited interest listening to the American President's speech during his first visit to Ukraine. Politicians, journalists, businessmen, all ordinary people, students and even pupils were particularly impressed by his knowledge of Ukrainian poetry, when he recited some lines written by the famous Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko.

Taking into consideration the development in Ukraine, a lot of joint ven­tures have appeared recently in its cities and towns. A lot of delegations, bu­sinessmen, specialists and tourists from the English-speaking countries keep coming to Ukraine.

Nowadays the number of Ukrainians living abroad varies between 10 and 13 million. Most of them live outside the country on the territories of the former Soviet Union (7,767,000). The Ukrainian Diaspora is the strongest in Ca­nada and the USA. In the USA, they number over a million, in Canada 530,000. Most of them (up to 90%) were bom in their country of residence.

In North America, the Ukrainian ethnic community at large formed as the result of three waves of emigration —at the turn of the 20th century, bet­ween World War I and World War II, and after the war.

There are ethnic Ukrainian communities in Latin America, mainly in Ar­gentina (up to 160,000) and Brazil (some 100,000). Most of them came in be­tween the world wars from Poland and Romania.

The youngest ethnic Ukrainian community is in Australia (some 34,000), formed after 1948.

In European countries, Ukrainians are registered as immigrants.

Ex.13. Discussion Points

1. Geographical position of Ukraine.

2. Natural Resources of Ukraine.

3. International Cooperation.