The object
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Meet her tomorrow.
Her is a simple object, expressed by a personal pronoun.
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I saw a strange man there.
A strange man is a phrasal object, expressed by a nominal phrase.
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She remembered meeting her last year.
Meeting her is a phrasal object, expressed by a gerundial phrase.
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I want to have my photo taken.
My photo taken is a complex object, expressed by a construction with Participle II.
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He insisted on my telling the truth.
My telling is a complex object, expressed by a Gerundial construction.
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I want him to stay.
Him to stay is a complex object, expressed by an Infinitive construction.
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Ron was amazed by what he saw there.
What he saw there is a clausal object.
The attribute
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There were no signs of his supporting us.
Of his supporting us is a complex postmodifying attribute. It is expressed by a gerundial construction.
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She is a clever girl.
Clever is a simple premodifying attribute. It’s expressed by an adjective.
The adverbial modifier
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John lives in London.
In London is a simple adverbial modifier of place, non-detached.
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Despite his smile, the man was difficult to deal with.
Despite his smile is a phrasal adverbial modifier of concession, detached.
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It being late, he left the garden.
It being late is a complex detached adverbial modifier of reason, it is expressed by the Nominative Absolute Construction with Participle I.
The composite sentence The Compound Sentence
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You can join us at the station, or we can wait for you at home.
It is a compound sentence consisting of two clauses. The clauses are joined by means of disjunctive coordination with the help of the conjunction ‘or’.
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The bus stopped, the automatic door sprang open, a lady got in.
It is a compound sentence consisting of three clauses. The clauses are joined asyndetically.
The Complex Sentence
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The question is whether he has signed the contract.
It is a complex sentence with a predicative subordinate clause.
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What is done cannot be undone.
It is a complex sentence with a subject subordinate clause.
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Everything that he did took a lot of time.
It is a complex sentence with an attributive defining subordinate clause
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I consulted my father, who promised to help me.
It is a complex sentence with an attributive non-defining subordinate clause.
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She acted as if she were mad.
It is a complex sentence with an adverbial clause of comparison.
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I arrived early so that I should not miss the train.
It is a complex sentence with an adverbial clause of purpose.