UNIT 1. LESSON 2

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Запомните следующие слова.

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Exercise 6. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова:

computer, automatic, calculation, human, intervention, practice, machine, program, procedure, operation, information, instruction, phenomenally, mathematical, arithmetical, electronic, programming, process, progress, system, temperature, direct, director, table.

Прочитайте текст и переведите его со словарем.

1A. THE DEFINITION OF A COMPUTER

The term "computer" literary means any automatic device capable of performing calculations without human intervention. In actual practice a computer is used as a part of a system involving other machines, programs, human beings, and procedures. The operations performed by a computer are called data processing, or computing.

An electronic computer is a machine that can perform mathematical work and can store and select information that has been fed into it. Such a machine can do a great amount of complicated work in a phenomenally short time.

A computer, for example, can add or subtract hundreds of thousands times a second, multiply thousands times a second, divide hundreds times a second. Specialists have estimated that in making arithmetical calculations man makes one mistake per 200 digits. Electronic computers make one mistake in milliards of digits.

Electronic circuits work thousands times more rapidly than nerve cells in the human brain. A problem that might take the human brain two years to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute.

The heart of the electronic computer lies in its large-scale integrated circuits or chips. A computer must be given certain instructions to work properly. This process is called "programming".

Computers can be designed for specialized purposes, such as directing manufacture of tools and parts, guiding airplane flights, solving mathematical problems, keeping bank accounts, even playing chess.

Many types of scientific work have been greatly speeded up by the use of computers. If there were no computers to make the necessary mathematical calculations, it would have taken years to complete some scientific research work.

A good example of this is the study of fusion process which progresses much more rapidly than expected thanks to specially designed computers. Computers have made weather forecast more accurate by quick analysis of complex data of temperature, humidity, air pressure, winds and rainfall.

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Exercise 7. Прочтите следующие слова:

information, calculation, computation, intervention, operation, instruction, revolution, evolution, automation, function.

Exercise 8. Найдите в тексте английский эквивалент.

Буквально означает, вмешательство человека, обработка данных, большое количество сложной работы, сотни раз в секунду, нервные клетки, может занять два года, управление производством, решение математических задач, научноисследовательская работа, заняло бы годы, благодаря компьютерам, быстрый анализ, если бы не было ЭВМ.

Exercise 9. Закончите предложения.

1. A computer is ... 2. The operations performed by a computer are ... 3. A computer can do a great amount of ... 4. The heart of a computer is ... 5. The process of giving instructions to a computer is ... 6. Computers can solve ... 7. A computer can store and

... 8. An example of computer use in scientific research work is ... 9. Computers are designed ... 10. Computers are used for quick analysis of ...

Exercise 10. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Компьютер это автоматический прибор. 2. Компьютер используется для вычислений. 3. Операции, выполняемые компьютерами, называют обработкой данных. 4. Компьютер решает задачу за одну минуту. 5. Микросхемы это сердце компьютера. 6. Этот процесс называется программированием. 7. Существуют разные типы компьютеров. 8. В компьютере есть много электронных схем. 9. Существует много примеров использования компьютеров. 10. Компьютеры выполняют программы.

Exercise 11. Вставьте have в нужной форме Present.

1. A computer ... electronic circuits. 2. Human brains ... nerve cells. 3. Computers ...

chips. 4. A human ... a heart. 5. Computers ... special purposes. 6. Scientists ... much work. 7. Computers ... certain programs. 8. A man ... computers. 9. Computers ... large memories. 10. Humans ... great memories.

Exercise 12. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What does the term computer literary mean? 2. How are the computer operations called? 3. What is a computer? 4. What can computers do? 5. What is the heart of a computer? 6. What is programming? 7. How can computers be used? 8. Are computers used in scientific research work? 9. How are they used in research? 10. How are

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computers used in weather forecast?

Exercise 13. Прочитайте и переведите следующие существительные:

computer, calculator, designer, operator, user, selector, player, researcher, director, tester, keeper, reader; specialist, scientist, tourist, physicist, chemist, activist, finalist, medalist, biologist, darvinist, terrorist; mathematician, academician, technician, politician, Italian, American, Australian, German, practician, parliamentarian, Latvian, mechanician.

Exercise 14. Переведите предложения с глаголом to be.

1. It is a computer that helps us in research work. 2. It is necessary to use computers in industry. 3. A computer is a complicated automatic device. 4. There are different types of computers. 5. There were no computers before the 1940s. 6. The first computer was a large complicated device of a room-size. 7. There will be computers of a pocketsize. 8. It was the work of scientists that made an electronic machine a computer. 9. It is programming that makes the work of computers accurate. 10. There is much information that we must process. 11. There will be a number of modern computers in our new laboratory. 12. It was my friend who helped me with the calculations. 13. It is important to use computers in scientific research work. 14. The operation of computers is very accurate. 15. It will be necessary to use computers in medicine.

Exercise 15. Переведите предложения с местоимением it.

1. Read this book. It is interesting. 2. What is this? It is a new device. 3. It is necessary to finish this work. 4. It is known that he is a good scientist. 5. There is a thing very important for research. It is a computer. 6. Take the book and give it to me. 7. It is not a very difficult problem, you can solve it. 8. It was late and he finished his work. 9. It was John McCarthy who created LISP. 10. It was necessary to test a new program. 11. It is said that computers are used in motorcars. 12. It's an easy test. 13. A computer can store information that has been fed into it. 14. It will be necessary to use computers in research work. 15. It would have taken years to solve this problem.