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UNIT 9. LESSON 1

PARTICIPLE (ПРИЧАСТИЕ)

Причастие - неличная форма глагола, сочетающая признаки прилагательного или наречия с признаками глагола. В предложении может быть частью сказуемого, определением и обстоятельством.

ПРИЧАСТИЕ - ЧАСТЬ СКАЗУЕМОГО

Participle I - при образовании времен Continuous (to be + Part.I)

Participle II - при образовании времен Perfect (to have + Part.II) и всех форм Passive (to be + Part.II)

ПРИЧАСТИЕ - ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ

Participle I отвечает на вопрос ‘какой?’, стоит до или после определяемого слова, переводится: 1) причастием 'что делающий(ся)?что делавший(ся)? что делаемый?'; 2) придаточным предложением с союзным словом 'который'.

the boiling water - кипящая вода (которая кипит)

the problem being discussed - обсуждающаяся (обсуждаемая) проблема

Participle II отвечает на вопрос ‘какой?’, стоит до или после определяемого слова, переводится: 1) причастием 'что cделанный?'; 2) придаточным предложением с союзным словом 'который'.

the achieved results - достигнутые результаты

the information obtained recently - информация, полученная недавно

Одиночное Participle II, стоящее после определяемого слова, переводится до него. Если в предложении стоят две глагольные формы подряд, то первая из нихParticiple II-определение.

The device used helped us. Использованное устройство помогло нам.

ПРИЧАСТИЕ - ОБСТОЯТЕЛЬСТВО

Participle I отвечает на вопросы‘как?’, ‘когда?’, чаще стоит в начале предложения, переводится: 1) деепричастием 'что делая?'; 2) существительным с предлогом 'при', 'во время'; 3) придаточным предложением с союзами 'когда, в то время как'. Перед причастием могут стоять союзы when, while.

Designing a new device he worked hard. 1) Работая над новым прибором, он... 2)

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При работе над новым приборомон... 3) Когда он работал над новым прибором, он...

Being used for computations the device helped us. 1) При использовании для вычислений прибор... 2) Когда прибор использовали для вычислений, он... 3)

Будучи используем для вычислений, прибор ...

Participle II отвечает на вопросы‘когда?’, ‘при каких условиях?’, чаще стоит в начале предложения, всегда употребляется с союзамиif, unless (если не), when, although (хотя), переводится: 1) придаточным предложением; 2) сочетанием союз 'если'+ неопределеннач форма глагола; 3) существительным с предлогом 'при'; 4) деепричастным пассивным оборотом (будучи сделанным).

If heated all substances expand. 1) Когда вещества нагреваются, все они... 2)

Если вещества нагреть, все они... 3) При нагревании все вещества... 4) Будучи нагретыми, все вещества...

Perfect Participle отвечает на вопросы‘когда?’, ‘почему?’, стоит в начале предложения, переводится: 1) деепричастием 'что сделав?'; 2) придаточным предложением с союзами'когда, после того как, так как, поскольку'; 3) существительным с предлогом 'после, по'.

Having finished the work I went home. 1) Закончив работу, я... 2) После того как я закончил работу, я... 3) По окончании работы я…

Having been asked he helped us. Когда его попросили, он помог нам.

Exercise 1. Обратите внимание на одновременность действия Participle I.

1. The engineer delivering a report works at our factory. 2. The engineer delivering a report yesterday gave many interesting examples. 3. The students studying chemistry work much in the lab. 4. The students studying chemistry often worked in this lab. 5. People visiting Russia come from many countries of the world. 6. People visiting Russia came from different countries. 7. The young people living in this hostel are our students. 8. The young people living in this house were students of the technical college. 9. The house being built in this street will be our new hostel. 10. The device being tested now was designed by our professor.

Exercise 2. Переведите предложения с Participle II - определением.

1. The recommended book can help you in your work. 2. You must use the published data in your work. 3. We used the obtained results in practice. 4. The designed machine will increase the speed. 5. We do some exercises in written form. 6. The house built in this street is nine storeys high. 7. The book given by the teacher will help me to write my project. 8. We'll use the instruments designed in our lab. 9. The problem discussed at the last lecture was very important. 10. The results achieved in the lab must increase the speed.

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Exercise 3. Переведите предложения с одиночным Participle II.

1. The method used helped to design a robot. 2. The methods applied opened new resources. 3. The machine designed operated well. 4. The officer invited visited our factory. 5. The case described attracted much attention. 6. The substance obtained showed the results of his research. 7. The materials needed came in time. 8. He has read all the books recommended. 9. The path found led us to the river. 10. The experiment described took much time.

Exercise 4. Переведите предложения c Participle I - обстоятельством.

1. Reading the text he often used the dictionary. 2. While crossing the street you should be very careful. 3. Making the experiment the engineer used this apparatus. 4. When working in the lab we observed a very interesting phenomenon. 5. Being explained at the lesson the law should be applied in practice. 6. When being prepared at home the text should be translated at first. 7. While translating the text the students came across many new words. 8. Designing the new device they used new methods. 9. When discussing the plan we talked about this problem. 10. While being discussed last time the plan was completely remade.

Exercise 5. Переведите предложения с Participle II - обстоятельством.

1.When cooled water becomes ice. 2. When made this experiment took much time.

3.If heated water becomes steam. 4. If used this material will help us to save time. 5. Unless properly processed these data cannot be applied. 6. Unless discussed these results must not be published. 7. Unless tested this method cannot be used. 8. Although discussed the book is not published yet. 9. Although used much the machine worked well. 10. Although repaired the device works badly.

Exericse 6. Переведите предложения с Perfect Participle - обстоятельством.

1. Having been translated into Russian the book was widely used. 2. Having increased the speed of calculations the programmer increased the efficiency. 3. Having been tested this device was given to the new lab. 4. Having obtained new information researchers decided to discuss it. 5. Having done his homework the student began listening to music. 6. Having been designed this apparatus was applied at the lessons. 7. Having studied English he decided to study Chinese and French. 8. Having solved this practical problem the scientists used the results in industry. 9. Having been published the book of this young writer became very popular. 10. Having been met at the station they went to the hotel.

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Exercise 8. Переведите предложения.

1. You should be more careful when working with a computer. 2. I was sure that I should become an engineer. 3. If I had been there yesterday I should have met him. 4. It is desirable that you should study this process. 5. We should like to take part in this expedition. 6. The professor suggested that they should investigate the new structure. 7. She said that she would study electronics. 8. The door would not open. 9. The doctor told her not to go out but she would not listen to him. 10. He would work on this project for hours. 11. He said that he would be working in the laboratory. 12. Had he remembered this law, he would not have made this mistake.

architect, scholar; scratch, fetch, scotch; raugh, daugh; ring, English, angry; sank, sink, banking; rustle, whistle, muscle; Christmas; doubt, debt; tomb, crumb; solemn, limn; picturesque, cheque; shell, shame, shown; waltz

ПРЕДЛОГИ МЕСТА И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ

Exercise 9. Вставьте подходящие предлоги, где нужно.

1. We study … a faculty … computing machines. 2. ... the morning we go ... the University. 3. Our lectures begin ... 9 o'clock. 4. We have no lectures ... Sunday. 5. We take examinations ... January and June. 6. We do not study ... summer. 7. We come ...

the classroom and sit down ... the tables. 8. We take our books and note-books … … the bags. 9. Our bags are usually ... the tables. 10. Sometimes they are ... the table ... the floor. 11. During the lesson we go ... the blackboard and write sentences ... it. 12. When the lessons are over we go ... ... the classroom and go … home. 13. We usually come back ... the University ... 3 o'clock ... the afternoon.