Лабораторные работы 1-4
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21
*. 3.2. %
1 – ; 2 – "; 3 – ; 4 – ; 5 – U- ; 6 – ; 7 –
4 &!$ ) % & '!( *$#) !+ '
1 % . ( 4 . 2 " 4, -
. , #, , ,
, % ' " . "
. ( (' )
' . -
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. 2 " U- -. " , , -
, " . %
4 , 6, 4 , " 3
7 . 2 .
. ( % % ,
% , : , -
, , %.
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-
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5 (&$ % ) ' '!(
( " 6 3 " " 2. 8 , 4. 7 -
" " 3. % – 1…2 (
"). + 4 . . 3.1 , , -
, , , 4 '
. , %
, . & , -
.
(
( ").
6$ /-% *$#) !+ '
1.& , , %, %
( . . .), "
T0 = 273 & 0 = 101325 (. $ m, , ' '
. . ., "
m = |
( B − |
P ) T0 V ρ0 |
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(3.5) |
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B0 T |
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– ( ) , (; |
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– , (, ; |
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ρ0 – , / ³, . . ., ρ0 = 1,29 / ³; |
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V – 4 , ' , ³. |
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– %, &. |
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2. 3 , /( ²· ), |
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I = |
m |
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(3.6) |
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F τ
F – , ²;
τ– , .
3. & %
i = |
I δ |
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(3.7) |
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4.* . 3.2.
5.( % :
– ( 1-4 -
), . . I = f(N ) ( . 3.3);
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– ( 4-6 ),
. . I = f( ) ( . 3.4).
$ 3.1
/- *$#) !+ '
+ )
1
2
3
4
5
6
!& + ! |
+( ) τ, # |
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/0 |
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6!' δ, + |
=! !' , + |
% # b, + |
) 6 & F, +² |
&&
&&+
&
;(
;(
;(
$ / '! +- ' + , ++ % &. #. |
+ #3 ' & % '! , |
+)- % /&-1 t, º |
<2+ % $- = , 5!&$ # ! V, + |
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$ 3.2 |
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/- #"2 |
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+ ) |
!& + ! |
+( ) τ, # |
/ 5 '! ' & - /0 + , |
+ #3 ' & %- '! , |
+)- % /&-- 1 , 7 |
<2+ % $= , 5!&$ # ! V, +³ |
## ) = &= 4 % /&-1 m, $4 |
>! 0! '' , ) $ I, $4/(+²· #) |
7 *33!0! ' % /- &-1 ) '!0 + # ! i, $4/(+· #· ) |
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1 |
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2 |
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3 |
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;( |
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6;(
*. 3.3. .
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*. 3.4. .
7 ' ' % ) #
1.& "
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2.+ ?
3.( , ?
4." ,
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5.& % -
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6.& % %?
$+ '&-+ ( !-
1. 3, &.3. " / &.3. 3 . :./. $ , ... . . – 5- ., . – 1. : / +&-(*! , 2006. – 256 .
25
4
> 7, ?@ 9 : :
7 :
1
% -
.
2!" #$! #% & '!(
' ,
( )
" " " "
( , .). + -
L, ³/ , . 2 -
% (', .),
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" ( ) |
, (, . . - |
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= = . |
(4.1) |
< , " " , ,
, . ( %
( ) ' -
, 0,3…0,5 .
. , " , -
= − = g h (ρ − ρ ) = h (γ − γ ) , |
(4.2) |
g – , g = 9,81 / ²; h – , ;
ρ ρ – , / ³, ,
"
ρ = |
353 |
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(4.3) |
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273 + t |
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t – , º ;
γ γ – , 9/ ³, , -
" .
(4.3) " " :
1) ;
26
2), -
, ;
3). #
. 1 -
:
–( , );
–( , , ', );
–( , ).
#
"
= |
P + Z = |
λ |
l P + |
∑ |
ζ P = R l + |
∑ |
ζ P , |
(4.4) |
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l |
d |
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l – , (;
R – 1 , (/ ;
λ – % " (% #), -
; l – , ;
d – , ;
= ρ v2 – , (;
2
v – , / ; Z – , (; Σζ – % .
& % ζ '
" .
! " , %
, "
d% |
= |
2 a b |
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(4.5) |
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a + b |
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a b – ' , .
+ " -
= ∑ . |
(4.6) |
( . 2 - " (4.1). 9, -
"
( . (4.4)), , ,
, L, ³/
L = 3600 v F , |
(4.7) |
F – « » ( ) , ².
9 P – L ' " ( )
. ( % -
27
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", , – -
.
# , -
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2 |
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λ |
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λ |
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ρ v2 |
λ |
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ρ |
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L |
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= |
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l + ∑ζ |
P |
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l + ∑ζ |
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l + ∑ζ |
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2 |
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π d |
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3600 |
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4 |
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λ |
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ρ |
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16 |
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= |
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l + ∑ζ |
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L2 = k L2 , |
(4.8) |
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2 |
(3600 π ) |
2 |
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d |
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d 4 |
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k – %, , (/(( ³/ )²).
(4.8) , -
. 2 '
.
&
.
8, " %
, ( . 4.1).
*. 4.1. & ;/.
1 – " , 2 – , 3 – , 4 – - , 5 – -
# " ,
' ' . ( -
' , , ' ,
– . % ', " -
, .
( ' -
', % -
. ! ,
, . . « ». 3
28
% , "
" .
& " % . -
" " (
), " .
*, ,
" % . $ -
;/. v , / ,
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0, |
4 v2 |
+ 1, 6 |
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v = |
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1, 2 |
+ ∑ζ + 0, 02 |
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v – , / ;
– , (, (4.2); Σζ – % ,
ζ = 0,5 ( );
l – , ; d – , .
(4.9)
-
3)!# '! *$#) !+ ' ' , -# ' %$!
. 4.2.
8 3 4 d = 100 , ( -
1,5 3 ). 1 -2, " " . $
, , – " , - " .
9 3 5, -
" . & , " ' ' -
6.
9 4 7 -
, " .
#
/(-1, 9 , -
10, 15.
( ),
8,
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10
# t , º ,
11 (55 1-6), " " 12 & (-1,
15. $ t , º , « » -
/ /.
" -
, " 2, " % -/$* 13.
-/$* 13, 15.
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29 |
*. 4.2. |
% |
1 – , 2 – %, 3 – 1,5 , 4 – 3 , 5 – , 6 – , 7 – ,
8 – ; 9 – , 10 – , 11 – ; 12 – , 13 – -/$*, 14 – , 15 –
4 (&$ % ) ' '!(
1. ( % -
. 2 :
–I – 100 ;
–II – 160 ;
–III – 220 .
30
8 ( ) -
( 8…10 ), -
, " , " ' -
12, " 10. ( -/$* 13 ,
14.
) . 4.1. |
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$ 4.1 |
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!('! % # |
' 4 %! 0! '' & % '! |
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! / %!#!+ # ) !/% &! ' # ! 4 %! 0! '' 4 & % '!( |
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# $ 'h, + |
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) (5 '! U, |
$ #% /- |
%1-&$ ' |
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+)- % /&-1, º |
' # |
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8 %! 0! '- |
& % '!' |
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#1 &% /&-1 $ '% L, +³/" |
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5!+ |
v,+/# |
) + 6% - '!!t |
t |
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% /&-1, |
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' |
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% $' |
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$4/+³ |
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4 |
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1 |
2 |
3 |
# % |
ρ' |
ρ% |
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I |
100 |
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3 |
II |
160 |
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III |
220 |
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I |
100 |
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1,5 |
II |
160 |
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III |
220 |
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2. % -
.
# III
,
, " . # 7
4 " -
.
+ f
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= |
F |
, |
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f |
(4.10) |
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F |
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F – , ²; |
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F – , ². |
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* % . 4.2. |
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$ 4.2 |
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!('! + # ' 1 # ) !% '!, ' ) !/% &! ' # #!# + |
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' #! ' ) 1 &' |
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$# % /&-1 |
#1 & % /&-1 % |
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% $' v, +/# |
$' L, +³/" |
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# " '! &! 3 4+ f |
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