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2.2 UNIX
2.2.1 Using UNIX Workstations in general:
•UNIX is case sensitive, which means don’t confuse upper and lower cases. Almost everything uses lower case.
•You DO NOT TURN OFF OR RESET THESE MACHINES.
•To start using a UNIX system you must identify yourself by entering your login name and your password.. If using telnet you must know the machine name also.
•Use the ‘passwd’ command to change your password. If you use a simple password, it will be easy to find, and somebody will break into your account, and wipe out all of your work. A good rule of thumb is that if it could not be found in a dictionary or index of a book it will generally be safer.
•Don’t be afraid to try something new, you can only wipe out your files, all others are protected.
2.2.2 Directories, Files, Etc.
•All of the computers in the lab share disks. Your directory will be available at any computer.
•Note: the UNIX slash is ‘\’, not the ‘/’ used on PCs.
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/ |
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home |
bin |
lib |
jackh davisa
bin public_html
• You can use standard UNIX commands to look around, and manipulate your directory, and files,
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cd |
Change directory |
pwd |
Show present working directory |
ls |
List a directory |
ls -la |
List directories in full form |
rm |
remove a file (WARNING DON’T DO THIS IF YOU ARE NOT SURE) |
mkdir |
make a directory |
rmdir |
remove a directory |
mv |
moves a file/directory from the first name to the second |
cp |
copy a file/directory from the first name to the second |
more |
type out the contents of a file |
man |
bring up a manual page for a command |
man -k |
brings up information on a subject |
via text editor (some commands given below) ‘dd’ - delete a line (edit mode)
‘x’ - delete a character (edit mode) ‘r’ - replace a character (edit mode)
‘R’ - replace a string (command mode -> edit mode) ‘a’ - append to a line (command mode -> edit mode) ‘i’ - insert a string (command mode -> edit mode)
‘:w’ - write to a file (command mode) ‘:q’ - quit from a file (command mode)
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ESC - move from edit to command mode |
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cursor key - move the cursor |
ps -ef |
Print a list of processes running on the computer |
kill -9 |
Kill a process running on the computer (uses the PID # from ps -ef) |
passwd |
Change your password (protect yourself) |
du |
Check your personal disk usage |
df . |
Check total disk space available |
quota -v |
Check how much quota you have left. Being over quota for a few days will |
result in your account being cut off automatically. |
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date |
get system date and time |
who |
show who is logged into your machine |
textedit |
A mouse based editor |
pine |
A simple interface for mail usage |
A somewhat bothersome mail tool (see pine). |
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•You can use wildcards when filenames. The characters used are,
*Any string
?Any Character
.. The directory above
. this directory
~your home directory
•Some examples of valid wildcard strings are,
Ad* |
Advertise Advent.not Ad |
Ad? |
Ad. Ade |