II. Письменно переведите текст: what is economics all about?
It is characteristic of any society that while wants of people are growing constantly, the economic resources required to satisfy these wants are limited and scarce. Economic resources may be classified as material resources (raw materials and capital) and labor resources (labor force and entrepreneurship). Scarcity of resources makes it necessary to save them. As a result any economic system is trying to find most effective and efficient ways of utilizing resources for the production of goods and services. The rational solution of the problem brings about the maximum economic growth, fill employment, stable prices, equitable distribution of revenues, and social security of the needy.
There are different economic systems in the world today. Many economists argue that free enterprise, or the market economy is the most effective system, because businesses are free to choose whom to buy from and sell to and on what terms, and free to choose whom to compete with. How can a market economy solve what, how and for whom to produce?
It is done through a market, which is a set of arrangements through which buyers and sellers make contact and do business, in which choices concerning the allocation of resources and transactions among members of society involving factors of production, incomes, goods and services are left to countless independent decisions of individual consumers and producers acting on their own behalf.
One of the main laws of the market is the law of supply and demand. It says that if demand exceeds supply, the price tends to rise and when supply exceeds demand the price tends to fall.
Given the scarcity of resources, the market functions as a rationing device with the price mechanism as its principal instrument. In free markets, prices direct allocations of inputs of firms that make the most profitable use of them. The price mechanism also guides the decisions of producers concerning the composition of their output. Finally, the price mechanism also governs the distribution process.
Задания к тексту:
1. Выпишите предложение с пассивным (страдательным) залогом.
2. Выпишите предложение с модальным глаголом.
3. Переведите предложения на английский язык:
а) Один из основных законов рынка – закон спроса и предложения.
б) В мире существуют различные экономические системы.
в) Многие специалисты придерживаются мнения, что свободная рыночная экономика – это самая эффективная система.
2 Вариант
Проработайте следующие разделы курса по рекомендованному учебнику:
Прямая и косвенная речь.
Страдательный (пассивный) залог (Passive Voice).
Причастие I (Participle I), причастие II (Participle II) и герундий.
Сослагательное наклонение (Subjunctive Mood).
Времена английского глагола: группа времен Perfect.
I. Выполните следующие грамматические задания:
1. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи, переведите предложения:
1. The director said to Mr. Sokolov, “Don’t telephone the factory today”.
2. Mr. Denisov asked the secretary, “Please put me through to Mr. Barton”.
3. They said to us, “Please, ship the goods before the 1st of December”.
4. The President said, “Clear up all these points with Mr. Gray”.
5. Mr. Malov said, “Don’t make an appointment for Wednesday”.
2. Раскройте скобки, поставьте глаголы в нужные формы страдательного (пассивного) залога. Переведите предложения.
1. The price problem (settle) by them yesterday.
2. The goods (ship) next week.
3. These points (discuss) during the talks.
4. The museum (visit) by a lot of schoolchildren.
5. Tickets for the theatre (book) by my father two days ago.
6. A lot of equipment (export) next week.
3. Образуйте от инфинитива глагола формы Participle I и Participle II, дайте соответствующий перевод.
Образец:
|
инфинитив |
Participle I |
Participle II |
|
to write (писать) |
writing (пишущий) |
written (написанный) |
To give, to go, to finish, to skate, to swim, to spend, to come, to bring, to look, to listen.
4. Найдите в предложениях герундий, подчеркните его и переведите предложения:
1. We are interested in improving our trade contacts with a number of firms.
2. I prefer staying at home to going for a walk tonight.
3. He objects to my going away on Sunday.
4. Mike is fond of playing chess with his father.
5. I’m looking forward to my old friend’s visit to Moscow.
6. He couldn’t finish translating this article in time.
5. Составьте предложения, используя данные слова и словосочетания, переведите предложения:
1
.
In your I’d try to help him right away.
(her, his, ask them for information.
Peter’s) take you to the picture gallery.
Place get tickets for the performance.
give you the necessary book.
2
.
He (she, they) would if the weather had been fine.
(could) have gone down to if it had not rained hard.
The country last Saturday if his sister had not been called to a patient.
if he had not been taken to a hospital.
6. Выберите нужную форму глагола, переведите предложения:
1. My sister (has just telephoned, had just telephoned) me.
2. Our firm (has sold, had sold) a lot of equipment since we began to do business with foreign suppliers.
3. Mr. Kotov (had left, has left) Omsk before I came there.
4. The firm (had shipped, has shipped) the goods by the 20th of December.
5. Before the chairman signed the contract he (had looked through, has looked through) it.