II. Письменно переведите текст: primary methods how to raise new capital

ISSUING BONDS. A bond is a written promise to pay a specific amount of money at a certain date in the future or periodically over the course of a loan, during which time interest is paid at a fixed rate on specified dates. Should the holder of the bond wish to get back money before the note is due, the bond may be sold to someone else. When the bond reaches “maturity”, the company promises to pay back the principal at its face value.

Bonds are desirable for the company because the interest rate is lower than in most other types of – borrowing. Also, interest paid on bonds is a tax deductible business expense for the corporation. The disadvantage is that interest payments ordinarily are made on bonds even when no profits are earned. For this reason, a smaller corporation can seldom raise much capital by issuing bonds.

SALES OF COMMON STOCK. Holders of bonds have lent money to the company, but they have no voice in its affairs, nor do they share in profits or losses. Quite the reverse is true for what are known as “equity” investors who buy common stock. They own shares in the corporation and have certain legal rights including, in most cases, the right to vote for the board of directors who actually manage the company. But they receive no dividends until interest payments are made on outstanding bonds.

If a company’s financial health is good and its assets sufficient, it can create capital by voting to issue additional shares of common stock. For a large company, an investment banker agrees to guarantee the purchase of a new stock issue at a set price. If the market refuses to buy the issue at a minimum price, the banker will take them and absorb the loss. Like printing paper money, issuing too much stock diminishes the basic value of each share.

Задания к тексту:

1. Допишите предложения, используя информацию из текста.

1. A bond is …

2. Interest paid on bond is …

3. Issuing too much stock …

2. Найдите в тексте сложноподчиненное предложение, выпишите его и определите тип придаточного предложения.

3. Переведите на русский язык предложения:

1. To better understand why customers buy as they do, many marketers turn to the behavioral sciences for help.

2. Promotion can inform consumers about their choices.

3. This way of solving the problem is the most efficient.

2 Вариант

Проработайте следующие разделы курса по рекомендованному учебнику:

1. Конструкция to have + Indefinite Infinitive в модальном значении «нужно, необходимо». [1, c. 110-116]

2. Употребление страдательного залога в Present и Past Perfect Tenses.

3. Отрицательная форма глагола-сказуемого в предложении.

4. Вспомогательные глаголы be, do, have, shall, will в английском языке.

5. Употребление наречий в английском языке.

I. Выполните следующие грамматические задания:

1. Замените модальные глаголы на глагол to have в сочетании с Indefinite Infinitive, переведите предложения:

1. You must stay at home.

2. I must go to school from Monday to Saturday.

3. She must meet me at 5 o’clock.

4. They must not do this work themselves.

5. You must help her, she needs your help.

2. Поставьте предложения в форму Present или Past Perfect, употребите страдательный залог. Переведите предложения:

Образец: We have reserved accommodation for Mr. Ivanov. - Accommodation for Mr. Ivanov has been reserved.

1. He has not filled in the declaration yet.

2. They said they had sent for the doctor.

3. We have established business relations with the firm by 1980.

4. The director told them he had gone through the contract.

5. I have brought in the luggage.

3. Поставьте предложения в отрицательную форму, переведите предложения:

1. He had got instructions before he went abroad.

2. My friend went through the Customs at London airport.

3. Our friends will join us for dinner on Sunday.

4. We are going to sign this contract.

5. Their office sells manufactured goods.

4. Вместо пропусков поставьте вспомогательные глаголы be, do, have, shall, will в правильной форме, переведите предложения:

1. “… Michael go to the Park of Culture and Rest yesterday?” – “No, he … not.”

2. My grandfather … come from the country. He … very old and now … always live with us.

3. “… you go to the skating-ring yesterday?” – “Yes, I … .”

4. He … never been to the Caucasus.

5. “… you like pears?” – “No, I … not.”

5. Найдите в предложениях наречия, подчеркните их и переведите предложения:

1. Nobody ever stopped him in the street to ask, “My dear Scrooge, how are you?”

2. The bell swung so softly at the outset that it scarcely made a sound, but soon it rang out loudly, and so did every bell in the house.

3. In came all the people, one after another; some shyly, some boldly, some gracefully, some awkwardly, some pushing, some pulling, in they all came, anyhow.

4. When will you speak better?