English_for_Transportation_Technology

Exercise 2. Match a word in A with a definition in B.

Translation and rendering

Exercise 1. Translate the following passage into Russian. Use a dictionary. Then compare your translation with a partner’s to improve.

Good industry practice requires that process and plant modifications should not be undertaken without having undertaken a safety, engineering and technical review. This review should be traceable and identify changes proposed to the following factors: process conditions; operating methods; engineering methods; safety; environmental conditions; engineering hardware and design. A form of risk assessment should then identify what hazards have been created by the change that may affect plant or personnel safety, and what action can be implemented to reduce or eliminate the risk. Additional hazards that may be introduced which need to be considered are fire, explosion and loss of containment. Changes may affect other parts of the plant which may be quite remote from the source of the change. Therefore, all parts of the plant should be considered in undertaking hazard identification and risk assessments. Factors that are crucial to the success and safe implementation of a plant modification procedure include corporate history; communication between different departments; recognition of authorised personnel.

http://www.hse.gov.uk

Exercise 2. Read the following passage, title it and render in English.

Эксплуатационная документация должна устанавливать требования, которые исключали бы создание опасных ситуаций при вводе в эксплуатацию и эксплуатации производственного оборудования. А также содержали бы требования, определяющие необходимость использования средств и методов защиты работающего.

Средства защиты должны выполнять свое назначение непрерывно в процессе функционирования производственного оборудования или при возникновении опасной ситуации. Конструкции и расположение средств защиты не должны ограничивать технологические возможности производственного оборудования и должны обеспечивать удобство его эксплуатации.

Специальные устройства, предупреждающие о безопасности должны быть выполнены и расположены так, чтобы их сигналы были хорошо различимы и слышны в производственной обстановке всеми лицами, которым угрожает опасность.

Части производственного оборудования, представляющие опасность, должны быть окрашены в сигнальные цвета и обозначены соответствующим знаком безопасности в соответствии с действующими стандартами.

http://www.docload.ru/Basesdoc/6/6933/index.htm

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Writing

Exercise 1. Study the accident form below and write the description of the accident.

Exercise 2. An Accident Investigation Inspector has produced a Health and Safety report following the Super Voyager train’s accident. When we give recommendations, we use Imperative forms. Find them in the passage below.

The following safety recommendations are made:

Facilitate actions necessary for development and implementation of positive train control systems that include collision avoidance, and require implementation of positive train control systems on main line tracks, establishing priority requirements for high-risk corridors such as those where commuter and intercity passenger railroads operate.

Include, in your operational (efficiency) testing program, specific signal tests designed to ensure that your train crews consistently follow uniform operating procedures when they encounter reduced visibility conditions en route.

Exercise 3. Write your own recommendations following the Eugenie Agabian’s accident (60–80 words).

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Checklist

Assess your progress in this unit. Say which statements are true about you.

1)I can use past tenses when I describe an accident.

2)I can use Imperative when I write safety recommendations.

3)My listening and reading are good enough to understand most of each text in this unit.

4)I can use key words to discuss safety requirements in maintenance documentation with my colleagues.

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UNIT 12. CARRIAGE OF DANGEROUS GOODS

Start up

Exercise 1. Look at the signs of some hazardous materials warning labels. How many classes of dangerous goods are there? Can you explain them? Which class is not in the list?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangerous_goods

Exercise 2. Read the following passage about dangerous goods and say which scheme shows its logic better. Fill in the scheme chosen with the materials from the text.

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which emit ionizing radiation (uranium, plutonium). Corrosive substances (class 8) are substances that can dissolve organic tissue or severely corrode certain metals: acids (sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid) and alkalis (potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide). Class 9 includes hazardous substances that do not fall into the other categories (asbestos, air-bag inflators, self-inflating life rafts, dry ice).

http://en.wikipedia.org

Vocabulary

Exercise 1. We use a number of special words when speaking about carriage of dangerous goods. Fill in the gaps in the text with the words given below.

_____________ (1) are liquid or solid ____________ (2) and articles containing them, that have been tested and assessed against internationally-agreed criteria – a process called classification – and found to be potentially dangerous (hazardous) when carried. Dangerous goods are assigned to different _____________ (3) depending on their predominant

______________ (4). There are _______________ (5) to deal with the ______________ (6) of dangerous goods, the purpose of which is to protect everyone either directly involved (such as _____________ (7) or carriers (8), or who might become involved (such as members of the emergency services and public).

Exercise 2. There are several types of vehicle to transport dangerous goods by rail. Match a type of vehicle in A with its definition in B.

Translation and rendering

Exercise 1. Read the following passage from Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety. Translate it into Russian. Use a dictionary. Then compare your translation with a partner’s to improve.

Hazardous commodities generally remain contained during such accidents because of the attention given to crash proofing in the design of shipping containers and bulk rail cars. During an accident, the contents are removed from the damaged car by emergency response crews that represent the shipper*. Equipment maintainers repair the damage to the extent possible and put the car back on the track, if possible. However, the track under the derailed car may have been destroyed. If so, repair or replacement of track occurs next, using prefabricated sections and special techniques.

In some situations, loss of containment occurs and the contents of the car or shipping container spill onto the ground. If substances are shipped* in quantities sufficient to require

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placarding because of transportation laws, they are readily identifiable on shipping manifests*. However, highly hazardous substances that are shipped in smaller quantities than mandated for listing in a shipping manifest can escape identification and characterization for a considerable period. Containment at the site and collection of the spilled material are the responsibility of the shipper.

Railway personnel can be exposed to materials that remain in snow, soil or vegetation during rehabilitation efforts. The severity of exposure depends on the properties and quantity of the substance, the geometry of the site and weather conditions. The situation could also pose fire, explosion, reactivity and toxic hazards to humans, animals and the surrounding environment

U.S. Encyclopedia of Occupational Health and Safety, 2012.

*Vocabulary notes:

shipper – грузоотправитель

to ship – отправлять груз (различными видами транспорта) shipping manifest – грузовая декларация

Did you know?

“Commodity” is a good for which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market. “Goods” is merchandise when transported, esp. by rail (chiefly British).

Exercise 2. Read the passage below, title it and render in English.

Выбирая вид транспорта, надо учитывать, что каждый из них обладает своей спецификой и особенностями. Для железнодорожных перевозок:

1)наибольшая эффективность в использовании достигается при перевозках на расстояние более 200 км;

2)относительная дешевизна по отношению к автомобильным перевозкам доставки;

3)возможность доставки «до двери» за счет строительства подъездных путей к предприятиям;

4)способность перевозить самую широкую гамму различных грузов; независимость от климатических условий.

К генеральным грузам относятся штучные грузы; т.е. в упаковке и без нее, принимаемые к транспортировке по счету грузовых мест. Делятся по виду тары или упаковки на тароупаковочные грузы (в мешках, коробках, ящиках, бочках и т.д.). Грузы

вкрупных грузовых и транспортных единицах (пакетах, на поддонах, трейлерах, контейнерах, в ликтерах) и рутинные грузы без тары и упаковки (трубы, подвижная техника, металлоконструкции).

Разделяются по размерам на обычные, длинномерные (свыше трех м) и не габаритные; по массе – легковесные и тяжеловесные (масса свыше 5 тонн). Транспортные документы выписываются грузоперевозчиком в удостоверение того, что товар принят им к перевозке.

http://www.transinterlog.com/articles/82/

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Checklist

Assess your progress in this unit. Say which statements are true about you.

1)I can use prepositions when I speak about the carriage of dangerous goods.

2)I can understand the classes of dangerous goods and most of abbreviations for regulations applying to the transport of dangerous goods mentioned in the unit.

3)My listening and reading are good enough to understand most of each text in this unit.

4)I can use key words to discuss the carriage of dangerous goods with my colleagues.

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Appendix 1

Вводные фразы для написания эссе

Начало эссе – постановка проблемы. В первом абзаце (введении) необходимо сообщить читателю тему Вашего эссе, перефразировав ее, используя синонимы ключевых слов (показывая, что вы её осмыслили). Затем следует намекнуть читателю, какую позицию займете Вы. Используйте безличные или неопределенно-личные предложения, чтобы подчеркнуть свою объективность.

Следующие фразы можно использовать, если требуется рассмотреть аргументы «за» и «против». Не забывайте использовать слова-связки.

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The public in general tend to believe that ... . Общественность в целом склонна полагать, что ... .

Подкрепить свою мысль можно мнением (неких абстрактных) экспертов.

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