Глобальна економ. СПАСЕНИЕ

ɿ ɡɚɥɢɲɚɬɢɫɹ ɫɚɦɨɞɨɫɬɚɬɧɿɦɢ ɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɹɤɢɯɨɫɶ ɩɨɬɪɹɫɿɧɶ ɭ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ. Ʉɪɿɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ ɪɨɡɰɿɧɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɡɚɫɿɛ ɡɛɟɪɟɠɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸ ɧɚɞ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɦɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿɣ ɫɮɟɪɿ, ɳɨ ɩɨɫɥɚɛɢɥɢ ɦɿɪɭ ɜɩɥɢɜɭ ɧɚ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɭ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɿɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɭ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɶ ɧɚ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ.

ɇɚɣɛɿɥɶɲ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɟ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿ-

ɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɸɽɬɶɫɹ ɹɤ “ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɶ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɡ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɧɨ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɜɢɦ ɪɿɜɧɟɦ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ; ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɟ ɡɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɿ, ɳɨ ɧɚɛɭɜɚɽ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ”.

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɚɳɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ ɿɡ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɧɭɬɢ ɿɫɧɭɸɱɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ.

Ɂɚɝɚɥɨɦ ɿɫɧɭɽ ɞɜɿ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ: ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿʀ “ɫɬɚɪɨɝɨ” ɿ “ɧɨɜɨɝɨ” ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ.

“ɋɬɚɪɢɣ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ” ɜɢɧɢɤ ɭ ɪɨɤɢ ɯɨɥɨɞɧɨʀ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɜɫɹ “ɡɝɨɪɢ” ɨɛɨɦɚ ɤɨɧɮɪɨɧɬɭɸɱɢɦɢ ɛɥɨɤɚɦɢ. ȼɿɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɜɚɜɫɹ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɿɫɬɸ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɰɿɨɧɿɫɬɫɶɤɨɸ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɿɫɬɸ, ɞɨɦɿɧɭɜɚɧɧɹɦ ɩɨ-

ɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɧɚɞ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɬɨɳɨ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɜ ɣɨɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɛɭɥɢ ɡɚɤɥɚ-

ɞɟɧɿ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɿ ɱɢɧɧɢɤɢ.

“ɇɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ” ɡɚɪɨɞɢɜɫɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ 1980-ɯ ɪɨɤɿɜ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɿɦɩɭɥɶɫɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ, ɥɢɲɟ ɩɿɞɤɪɿɩɥɸɸɱɢɫɶ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɦɢ ɞɨɦɨɜɥɟɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ. ɇɨɜɢɣ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ – ɰɟ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɟ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɨ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɟ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ, ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɢɯ, ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɲɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɿ ɡɚɜɞɚɧɶ. ɐɟɣ ɿɧ-

ɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɩɨɜ’ɹɡɚɧɢ ɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɿɡ ɦɿɠɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ, ɡ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɦɿɠ-

ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ, ɧɚɫɚɦɩɟɪɟɞ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ, ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ, ɡ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɧɨ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɦ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɡ ɩɨɲɭɤɨɦ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɲɥɹɯɿɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɪɚʀɧ-ɭɱɚɫɧɢɰɶ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ “ɭɝɪɭɩɭɜɚɧɧɹ” ɭ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɫɜɿɬɨɜɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ ɧɚɜɤɨɥɨ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɯ (ɨɤɪɟɫɥɟɧɢɯ) ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɭ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ʀɯ (ɰɢɯ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɯ, ɭɡɝɨɞɠɟɧɢɯ ɿɧ-

500

ɬɟɪɟɫɿɜ) ɜɢɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ, ɞɨ ɡɚɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨʀ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɿɞɟɧɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɿ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɥɿɛɟɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɶ.

Ɉɬɠɟ, ɹɤɳɨ ɬɟɡɨɸ ɤɥɚɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ ɽ ɡɚɤɪɢɬɿɫɬɶ, ɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ ɡɨɪɿɽɧɬɨɜɚɧɚ, ɡ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɤɭ, ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɿɡɚɰɿɸ, ɜɞɨɫɤɨɧɚɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɨɤ, ɚ ɡ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ, – ɧɚ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɿɫɬɶ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɶ ɞɨ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɹ, ɞɨ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɧɨɜɢɯ ɱɥɟɧɿɜ ɬɚ ɞɨ ɫɩɿɜɩɪɚɰɿ ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɚɞɚɯ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɿ, ɜɿɞɬɚɤ, ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨʀ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɡ ɧɢɦɢ ɜ ɽɞɢɧɢɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɜɨɧɚ (ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɹ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ) ɽ ɫɜɨɽɪɿɞɧɨɸ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɨɸ ɤɥɚɫɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ.

ȼɿɞɬɚɤ, ɿɡ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɨʀ ɪɨɥɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ (ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚ-

ɰɿʀ) ɭ ɡɧɹɬɬɿ ɛɚɪ’ɽɪɿɜ ɦɿɠ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɚɦɢ ɜɢɩɥɢɜɚɽ ɿ ɩɪɨɜɿɞɧɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ. ɇɚɫɬɭɩɧɢɦ ɟɬɚɩɨɦ-

ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬ. ɡɜ. “ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ” (ɹɤ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ) ɜɜɚɠɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ “ɫɭɩɟɪɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ”, ɬɨɛɬɨ “ɦɟɝɚɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ” í ɪɭɯ ɞɨ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɶ ɡɿ ɫɜɨɽɸ ɜɚɥɸɬɨɸ, ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɦɢ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɦɢ ɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ, ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɽ ȯɋ.

Ɉɬɠɟ, ɦɨɠɧɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɬɭɜɚɬɢ, ɳɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦɢ ɪɢɫɚɦɢ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɽ ɬɟ, ɳɨ:

1)ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɡɧɹɬɬɹ ɛɚɪ’ɽɪɿɜ ɬɚ ɥɿɛɟɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ ɦɿɠ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɚɦɢ;

2)ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɜɿɞɿɝɪɚɽ ɤɥɸɱɨɜɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɨɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɫɬɚɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨɦɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ;

3)ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɽ ɩɟɪɟɯɿɞ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɡ ɦɿɠɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ, ɿɡ

ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɩɨɲɭɤɨɦ

501

ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɲɥɹɯɿɜ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɹ ɤɪɚʀɧ-ɭɱɚɫɧɢɰɶ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɫɜɿɬɨɜɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ;

4)ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɪɨɡɜɢɜɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɭ “ɦɟɝɚɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɭ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɸ” í ɪɭɯ ɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɿ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɧɚɞɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɶ ɡɿ ɫɜɨɽɸ ɜɚɥɸɬɨɸ, ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɸɜɚɧɧɹ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɢɦɢ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɬɚɦɢ ɿ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ ɛɟɡɩɟɤɢ, ɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɢɯ “ɫɭɩɟɪɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ”, ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɨɦ ɹɤɢɯ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɽ ȯɋ, ɳɨ, ɭ ɩɿɞɫɭɦɤɭ, ɩɨɜɢɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɽɞɢɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨʀ ȿɋ;

5)ɭɫɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ ɽ ɩɪɨɹɜɨɦ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɹɤ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ. ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɫɿ ɜɨɧɢ ɽ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿʀ, ɹɤɿɣ ɩɪɢɬɚɦɚɧɧɿ ɪɢɫɢ ɨɛɨɯ ɬɢɩɿɜ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ (ɹɤ ɞɜɿ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ ɨɞɧɨʀ ɦɟɞɚɥɿ, ɚɛɨ, ɬɚɤ ɛɢ ɦɨɜɢɬɢ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɛɿ ɈɋȻȻ – (ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɢɯ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɿɜ), ɞɟ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ – ɧɟɦɨɜɛɢ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɢ ɜ ɈɋȻȻ, ɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ – ɧɟɦɨɜ ɛɭɞɢɧɨɤ, ɜ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɬɚɲɨɜɚɧɿ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɢ ɫɩɿɜɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɭ, ɚ ɦɟɝɚɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɟ ɭɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ – ɰɟ ɪɚɣɨɧ ɱɢ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɡ ɣɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɭɧɿɤɚɰɿɹɦɢ, ɀɄ ɫɥɭɠɛɚɦɢ, ɿɧɲɨɸ ɿɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɸ, ɤɚɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ, ɜɨɞɨɩɨɫɬɚɱɚɧɧɹɦ, ɭɬɢɥɿɡɚɰɿɽɸ ɫɦɿɬɬɹ, ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɟɸ, ɥɿɤɚɪɧɹɦɢ, ɲɤɨɥɚɦɢ ɬɨɳɨ, ɹɤɿ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɞɿɸɬɶ ɿɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɪɚɣɨɧɚɦɢ/ɦɿɫɬɨɦ/ɦɿɫɬɚɦɢ ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ, ɚ ɦɿɫɬɨ ɱɢ ɦɿɫɬɚ (ɹɤ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɦɟɲɤɚɧɰɿɜ-ɜɥɚɫɧɢɤɿɜ ɤɜɚɪɬɢɪ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɤɜɚɪɬɢɪɧɢɯ ɛɭɞɢɧɤɿɜ, ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɢɯ

ɭɪɚɣɨɧɢ, ɚ ɬɿ í ɜ ɦɿɫɬɚ) í ɡ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ ɦɿɫɬɚɦɢ ɬɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɿɧɫɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ, ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɛɿ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɢɦɢ ɿɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɿɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɢɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɠɢɬɬɽɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ, ɮɿɧɚɧɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɳɨ ɣ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɿɡɧɿ ɜɢɞɢ ɿ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɞɿɹɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɡɚ ɦɟɠɿ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ ɡ ɦɟɬɨɸ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɧɹ ɞɨɛɪɨɛɭɬɭ ɦɟɲɤɚɧɰɿɜ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ, ɜ ɹɤɿɣ ɿ ɠɢɜɭɬɶ ɰɿ ɱɥɟɧɢ ɈɋȻȻ, ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɭɜɚɧɧɸ ɆɌɉɉ ɬɚ ɤɨɪɢɫɧɢɯ ɟɮɟɤɬɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɫɩɟɰɿɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤɚ (ɆɌɉɉ) ɧɢɦ ɩɨɪɨɞɠɟɧɚ.

ȼɿɞɬɚɤ, ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɨɤ ɳɨɞɨ ɡɦɿɫɬɭ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ

ɩɨɥɹɝɚɽ ɜ ɬɨɦɭ, ɳɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɩɨɪɨɞɠɭɽ ʀʀ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ, ɹɤɚ, ɫɜɨɽɸ ɱɟɪɝɨɸ, ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɬɚɩɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɩɨɜɧɨɰɿɧɧɨʀ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɹɤ ɦɟɬɚɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ. ȱ ɫɚɦɟ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɽ ɬɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɚɦɢ, ɳɨ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɛɟɡ-

502

ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɭɸɬɶ ɭɫɸ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɭ (ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɭ) ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɭ ɬɚ ɜɟɞɭɬɶ ʀʀ ɤɭɪɫɨɦ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɦɨɞɟɪɧɨʀ Ƚȿ. ȼɥɚɫɧɟ ɰɟ ɿ ɿɥɸɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɧɚɦ ɪɢɫ. 7.4 ɬɚ 7.5.

ȱɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ

ȼɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚ

Ƚɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɚ

Ɂɦɿɲɚɧɚ

Ɋɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ

Ɍɪɚɧɫɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ

Ƚɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ

Ɋɢɫ. 7.4. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɚɳɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɹ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɜ’ɹɡɤɭ ɬɚ ɭɫɭɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɭɜɚɧɧɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɩɨɹɫɧɟɧɧɹ ɞɭɚɥɿɡɦɭ ɰɶɨɝɨ ɹɜɢɳɚ ɡ’ɹɫɭɽɦɨ ɚɛɨ ɳɟ ɪɚɡ ɧɚɝɚɞɚɽɦɨ ɡɦɿɫɬ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ. ȱɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ, ɜ ɧɚɣɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɿɲɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɭɦɿɧɧɿ, ɽ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɡɚɽɦɨɡɚɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɦɢ ʀʀ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɽ ɹɤ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ, ɬɚɤ ɿ, ɜɥɚɫɧɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɸ, ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ.

Ɇɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ, ɛɚɡɨɜɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɳɨ ɩɨɤɥɚɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ (ɪɢɫ. 7.4 ɬɚ 7.5), ɩɨɪɨɞɠɭɽ ʀʀ ɧɚ ɩɟɜɧɨɦɭ ɟɬɚɩɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ Ƚȿ í ɰɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɡɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɹɤɢɣ ɽ ɧɚɣɪɨɡɜɢɧɟɧɿɲɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɠɢɬɬɹ. ȱɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ ɽ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɸ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ, ɚ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɿɣ ɞɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ,

503

ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ ɞɚɽ ɩɿɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɜɜɚɠɚɬɢ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚ-

ɰɿɸ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɜɢɹɜɨɦ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɢɯ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ.

Ɋɢɫ. 7.5. ɋɬɚɞɿʀ ɬɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ (ɹɤ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ)

ɉɪɢɱɨɦɭ, ɹɤɳɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ – ɰɟ ɧɨɜɚ ɹɤɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɞɿʀ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ʀʀ ɜɲɢɪ, ɬɨ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ – ɰɟ ɧɚɣɜɢɳɢɣ ɫɬɭɩɿɧɶ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ʀʀ ɭɝɥɢɛ [ɒɢɲɤɨɜ ɘ. ɂɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɪɨɝɟ XXI ɜɟɤɚ. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ

504

ɋɇȽ. – Ɇ. : III ɬɵɫɹɱɟɥɟɬɢɟ, 2001. – ɋ. 17]. ȼɢɯɨɞɹɱɢ ɡ ɬɚɤɨʀ ɥɨɝɿɤɢ, ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɹ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɸɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɫɢɧɨɧɿɦɚɦɢ, ɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɜɨɦɚ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ – ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ.

Ɉɞɧɚɤ, ɡɧɨɜɭ ɬɚɤɢ ɠ ɤɟɪɭɸɱɢɫɶ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɨɸ ɥɨɝɿɤɨɸ, ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɜɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɦɭ. Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɡɚɝɚɥɶɧɚ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɶ (ɛɥɨɤɿɜ) ɭ ɫɜɿɬɿ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ, ɡɚ ɪɿɡɧɢɦɢ ɩɿɞɪɚɯɭɧɤɚɦɢ, ɫɹɝɚɽ ɜɿɞ 200 ɞɨ 300, ɿ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɤɨɠɧɚ ɤɪɚʀɧɚ ɛɟɪɟ ɭɱɚɫɬɶ ɯɨɱɚ ɛ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɡ ɧɢɯ.

Ⱦɨ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɿɜ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ, ɧɚɝɚɞɚɽɦɨ, ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɧɚɫɚɦɩɟɪɟɞ (ɫɤɥɚɞ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɧɚɣɛɿɥɶɲɢɯ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɶ): 1. ȯɜɪɨ-

ɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ (ȯɋ - ɜɫɶɨɝɨ 28 ɞɟɪɠɚɜ); 2. ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɚ ɭɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨ ɜɿɥɶɧɭ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɸ (ɇȺɎɌȺ) í ɋɒȺ, Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ, Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ.; 3. ȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɚ ɚɫɨɰɿɚɰɿɹ ɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ (ȯȺȼɌ) í ȱɫɥɚɧɞɿɹ, ɇɨɪɜɟɝɿɹ, ɒɜɟɣɰɚɪɿɹ, Ʌɿɯɬɟɧɲɬɟɣɧ; 4. Ɉɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɚɡɿɣɫɶɤɨ-ɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ (ȺɌȿɋ) í Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ, Ȼɪɭɧɟɣ,

Ɇɚɥɚɣɡɿɹ, ɋɿɧɝɚɩɭɪ, Ɍɚʀɥɚɧɞ, ɇɨɜɚ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɿɹ, ɉɚɩɭɚ-ɇɨɜɚ Ƚɜɿɧɟɹ, ȱɧɞɨɧɟɡɿɹ, Ɏɿɥɿɩɩɿɧɢ, Ɍɚɣɜɚɧɶ, Ƚɨɧɤɨɧɝ, əɩɨɧɿɹ, ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹ, Ʉɢɬɚɣ, Ʉɚɧɚɞɚ, ɋɒȺ, Ɇɟɤɫɢɤɚ, ɑɢɥɿ; 5. ɆȿɊɄɈɋɍɊ í Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɿɹ,

Ⱥɪɝɟɧɬɢɧɚ, ɉɚɪɚɝɜɚɣ, ɍɪɭɝɜɚɣ; 6. ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɤɨɦɿɬɟɬ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ (ɋȺȾɄ) í Ⱥɧɝɨɥɚ, Ȼɨɬɫɜɚɧɚ, Ʌɟɫɨɬɨ, Ɇɚɥɚɜɿ, Ɇɨɡɚɦɛɿɤ, Ɇɚɜɪɢɤɿɣ, ɇɚɦɿɛɿɹ, ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨ-Ⱥɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɚ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɚ, ɋɜɚɡɿɥɟɧɞ,

Ɍɚɧɡɚɧɿɹ, Ɂɿɦɛɚɛɜɟ; 7. Ɂɚɯɿɞɧɨɚɮɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɿ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɢɣ ɫɨɸɡ (ɘȿɆɈȺ) í Ʉɨɬ-ɞɿ’Ɍɜɭɚɪ, Ȼɭɪɤɿɧɚ-Ɏɚɫɨ, ɇɿɝɟɪɿɹ, Ɍɨɝɨ, ɋɟɧɟɝɚɥ,

Ȼɟɧɿɧ, Ɇɚɥɿ; 8. ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨɚɡɿɣɫɶɤɚ ɚɫɨɰɿɚɰɿɹ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬ-

ɧɢɰɬɜɚ (ɋȺȺɊɋ) í ȱɧɞɿɹ, ɉɚɤɢɫɬɚɧ, ɒɪɿ-Ʌɚɧɤɚ, Ȼɚɧɝɥɚɞɟɲ, Ɇɚɥɶɞɿɜɢ, Ȼɭɬɚɧ, ɇɟɩɚɥ; 9. Ⱥɧɞɫɶɤɢɣ ɩɚɤɬ í ȼɟɧɟɫɭɟɥɚ, Ʉɨɥɭɦɛɿɹ, ȿɤɜɚɞɨɪ, ɉɟɪɭ, Ȼɨɥɿɜɿɹ; 10. Ɇɢɬɧɢɣ ɫɨɸɡ Ȼɿɥɨɪɭɫɿ, Ʉɚɡɚɯɫɬɚɧɭ ɿ Ɋɨɫɿʀ, ɹɤɢɣ ɭ 2015 ɪɨɰɿ ɩɨɜɢɧɟɧ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɬɢɫɹ ɜ ȯȺȿɋ.

ɋɜɨɽɸ ɱɟɪɝɨɸ, ɹɤɳɨ ɪɨɡɝɥɹɞɚɬɢ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɸ ɹɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɹɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ, ɳɨ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɭɸɬɶ ʀʀ ɪɟɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ, ɬɨ ɫɚɦɟ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ ɩɨɪɨɞɠɭɽ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ. ȱ ɬɭɬ ɧɟɦɚɽ ɠɨɞɧɨʀ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɫɬɿ, ɚ ɽ ɜɥɚɫɧɟ ɩɪɨɹɜ ɞɿɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɢ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ: ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ ɜɢɫɬɭɩɚɽ ɩɨɪɨɞɠɟɧɧɹɦ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɚɥɟ, ɭ ɫɜɨɸ ɱɟɪɝɭ, ɹɤ

505

ɮɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɢɳɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɿʀ ɡ ɩɨɫɢɥɟɧɧɹɦ, ɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ, ɫɯɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ, ɬɚ ɹɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɞɚɥɿ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɽ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ, ɬɨɛɬɨ ɫɬɚɽ ɧɨɜɨɸ ɮɨɪɦɨɸ ʀʀ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɪɭɲɿɣɧɨɸ ɫɢɥɨɸ ɧɚ ɲɥɹɯɭ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ƚȿ.

7. 4. ɉɪɨɹɜɢ, ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɫɬɿ ɬɚ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɿɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɰɿ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɚɬɤɭ ɏɏ ɫɬɨɥɿɬɬɹ

ɋɥɿɞ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɩɨɞɿɥ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɭɝɪɭɩɨɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɥɹɽ ɫɭɩɟɪɟɱɥɢɜɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɰɬɜɚ, ɚ ɜɿɞɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ Ƚȿ.

ɍɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɶ ɿ ɫɨɸɡɿɜ ɫɩɪɢɹɽ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɨɜɿ ɜɢɪɨɛɧɢɱɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɦɿɠ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɧɢɯ. ȼɨɞɧɨɱɚɫ ɰɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽ ɩɟɪɟɲɤɨɞɢ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɦ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧɚɦ ɦɿɠ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ɧɚɥɟɠɚɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɿɡɧɨɦɚɧɿɬɧɢɯ ɭɝɪɭɩɨɜɚɧɶ, ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɿʀ ɬɨɜɚɪɧɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɿɜ ɭɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɨɛ'ɽɞɧɚɧɶ. ȱ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɧɹ ɳɨɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ, ɞɨ ɹɤɢɯ ɧɚɫɥɿɞɤɿɜ ɦɨɠɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ, ɡɚɥɢɲɚɽɬɶɫɹ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɿɣɧɢɦ.

Ɍɚɤ, ɡɚ ɩɟɫɢɦɿɫɬɢɱɧɢɦ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɿɽɦ ɿɫɧɭɸɬɶ ɪɢɡɢɤɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɨʀ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɿʀ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢ ɭ ɫɜɿɬ ɜɨɪɨɠɢɯ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɛɥɨɤɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɫɬɨɫɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɞɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɤɪɢɦɿɧɚɰɿɣɧɿ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɪɟɠɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɜɟɫɬɢɦɭɬɶ ɬ. ɡɜ. ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɜɿɣɧɢ, ɨɤɪɟɦɿ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɿʀ ɹɤɢɯ ɦɢ ɿ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɥɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɡɿ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɢ Ɇɋ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɣɨɝɨ ɱɥɟɧɚ – ɊɎ, ɜ ɩɟɪɿɨɞ ɧɚɦɿɪɿɜ ɍɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɳɨɞɨ ɩɿɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɹ ɍɝɨɞɢ ɩɪɨ Ⱥɫɨɰɿɚɰɿɸ ɡ ȯɋ ɭ 2013 ɪɨɰɿ (ɰɟ ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɿ ɫɢɪɧɿ ɜɿɣɧɢ, ɤɨɧɞɢɬɟɪɫɶɤɿ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɬɨɳɨ, ɚ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɰɢɦ ɛɭɥɢ ɩɨɞɿɛɧɿ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɡ ɛɨɤɭ ɊɎ ɿ ɳɨɞɨ ɤɪɚʀɧ Ȼɚɥɬɿʀ, Ƚɪɭɡɿʀ). Ⱥɥɟ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɭ ɦɟɠɚɯ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɯ ɬɨɪ- ɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɨ-ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɭɝɪɭɩɨɜɚɧɶ ɦɿɠ ɨɤɪɟɦɢɦɢ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɢ ɜɢɧɢɤɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɢɪɿɱɱɹ, ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɨ “ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɜɿɣɧ” (ɬɪɿɫɤɨɜɿ,

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ɜɢɧɨɝɪɚɞɧɿ, ɨɥɿɣɧɿ ɜɿɣɧɢ ɦɿɠ ɤɪɚʀɧɚɦɢ-ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ȯɋ). Ɉɩɬɢɦɿɫɬɢɱɧɢɣ ɫɰɟɧɚɪɿɣ, ɧɚɜɩɚɤɢ, ɪɨɡɰɿɧɸɽ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɹɤ ɧɚɣɤɪɚɳɢɣ ɡɚɫɿɛ ɫɩɪɢɹɧɧɹ ɥɿɛɟɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ ɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɦɭ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɿ. Ɋɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿ ɭɝɨɞɢ ɥɟɝɲɟ ɞɨɫɹɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ (ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɭ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɤɪɚʀɧ ɿɡ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɢɦɢ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦɢ) ɬɚ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɫɩɪɢɹɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɨɜɿ ɥɿɛɟɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɲɥɹɯɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɲɢɪɟɧɧɹ ɚɛɨ ɡɥɢɬɬɹ (ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ, ȯɋ ɡ ȯȺȼɌ).

Ɉɬɨɠ, ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɞɢɥɟɦɚ “ɜɿɥɶɧɚ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɹ ɚɛɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɰɿɨɧɿɡɦ” ɧɟ ɩɪɢɩɢɧɹɽ ɿɫɧɭɜɚɬɢ. ȼɨɧɚ ɨɛ’ɽɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɜɢɧɧɚ ɛɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɟɧɚ ɿ ɜɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɳɢɣ, ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɢɣ ɪɿɜɟɧɶ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ, ɧɚ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɬɢɫɹ ɿ ɜɠɟ ɩɪɢɣɦɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɪɿɲɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɨ ɜɢɛɿɪ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɬɢɤɢ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɬɨɜɚɪɢɫɬɜɚ ɳɨɞɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɿɨɧɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɪɢɧɤɿɜ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɪɿɜɧɟɦ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ, ɜɥɚɫɧɟ, ɿ ɽ ɋɈɌ ɡ ʀʀ ɩɨɧɚɞ 60-ɦɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɿɦɢ ɦɿɠɭɪɹɞɨɜɢɦɢ ɭɝɨɞɚɦɢ ɩɪɨ ɡɧɢɠɟɧɧɹ ɨɛɦɟɠɟɧɶ ɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɿɣ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ȽȺɌɌ (Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚ ɭɝɨɞɚ ɡ ɬɚɪɢɮɿɜ ɿ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)), ȽȺɌɋ (Ƚɟɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɚ ɭɝɨɞɚ ɡ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ ɩɨɫɥɭɝɚɦɢ (General Agreement on Trade in Services – (GATS)), ɌɊȱɉɋ (ɍɝɨɞɚ ɩɪɨ ɬɨɪɝɨ-

ɜɟɥɶɧɿ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɢ ɩɪɚɜ ɿɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɫɥɚɫɧɨɫɬɿ (Agreement on TradeRelated Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, ɫɤɨɪɨɱɟɧɨ TRIPS) ɬɚ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɦɚ ɿɧɲɢɦɢ, ɹɤɿ ʉɪɭɧɬɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɢɯ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɿʀ ɬɚ “ɥɿɛɟɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ” ɿ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɿ ɧɚ ɥɿɛɟɪɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɸ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ ɿ ɭ ɬ. ɱ. ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɢɧɤɭ.

ȼ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɫɥɿɞ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɜɩɪɨɞɨɜɠ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɯ ɬɪɶɨɯ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɿɬɶ ɭɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ, ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɧɨɫɢɧ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɿɤɚɰɿʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿɜ ɭɠɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɥɢɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɿ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɭɸɱɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ – ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɣ, ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɿ ɚɡɿɣɫɶɤɨ-ɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ. ȼɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɢɦɢ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹɦɢ ɭ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɡ ɧɢɯ, ɜɿɞɩɨɜɿɞɧɨ, ɽ ȯɋ, ȯɎɌȺ, ȯȼɊɈɆȿȾ; ɇȺɎɌȺ, ɆȿɊɄɈɋɍɊ, ɎɌȺȺ (ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ); ȺɋȿȺɇ ɬɚ ȺɌȿɋ.

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Ⱦɨɜɿɞɤɚ. ȯɎɌȺ – ȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɚ ɚɫɨɰɿɚɰɿɹ ɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ — (The European Free Trade Association (EFTA); ȯȼɊɈɆȿȾ – ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ ɤɪɚʀɧ ȯɜɪɨ-ɋɟɪɟɞɡɟɦɧɨɦɨɪɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɞɿɚɥɨɝɭ ɚɛɨ ɬ. ɡɜ. Ȼɚɪɫɟɥɨɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ (1992 ɪ.); ɇȺɎɌȺ í ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɚғ ɡɨɧɚғ ɜɿɥɶɧɨʀғ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿғ

( North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA); ɆȿɊɄɈɋɍɊ (Mercosur) í ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɫɨɸɡ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɭ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɿɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɰɿ; ʑʊɧɧ – Ɂɨɧɚ ɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ ɞɥɹ ɉɿɜɧɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɚ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨʀ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤ í (Free Trade Area of Americas (FTAA)); ȺɌȿɋ – Ⱥɫɨɰɿɚɰɿɹ ɚɡɿɚɬɫɶɤɨ-ɬɢɯɨɨɤɟɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɿɜɪɨɛɿɬɧɢɰɬɜɚ; ȺɋȿȺɇ í Ⱥɫɨɰɿɚɰɿʀ ɞɟɪɠɚɜ ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɨ-ɋɯɿɞɧɨʀ Ⱥɡɿʀ.

Ȳɯ ɫɩɿɥɶɧɨɸ ɨɫɨɛɥɢɜɿɫɬɸ ɽ ɩɪɚɝɧɟɧɧɹ ɤɪɚʀɧ-ɫɭɫɿɞɿɜ, ɹɤɿ ɧɟ ɜɯɨɞɹɬɶ ɞɨ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɢ ɿɧɲɨɝɨ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ, ɜɫɬɭɩɢɬɢ ɞɨ ɧɶɨɝɨ. Ɍɨɛɬɨ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɨɸ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɰɿɽɸ ɫɭɱɚɫɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɽ ɫɢɥɚ ɬɹɠɿɧɧɹ ɿɫɧɭɸɱɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ, ɚɛɨ ɬɚɤ ɡɜɚɧɢɣ “ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɟɮɟɤɬ” (“ɟɮɟɤɬ ɞɨɦɿɧɨ”). Ɂɧɚɱɧɿ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɿ ɭɫɩɿɯɢ, ɹɤɿ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɭɸɬɶ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɢ – ɱɥɟɧɢ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿɣɧɨɝɨ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɹ, ɩɪɢɜɚɛɥɸɸɬɶ ɨɬɨɱɭɸɱɿ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ, ɹɤɿ ɦɨɠɭɬɶ ɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɢɯ ɞɥɹ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɩɟɪɟɞɭɦɨɜ. ɋɢɥɚ ɬɹɠɿɧɧɹ ɦɚɽ ɜɚɠɥɢɜɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɞɥɹ, ɜ ɩɟɪɲɭ ɱɟɪɝɭ, ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɿɣɧɢɯ ɤɪɚʀɧ, ɹɤɢɦ ɛɪɚɤɭɽ ɜɥɚɫɧɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɩɿɲɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɢɯ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɿ ɡɜ’ɹɡɤɢ ɿɡ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɦ ɫɜɿɬɨɦ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɧɹ ɡɡɨɜɧɿ ɦɚɬɟɪɿɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɬɚ ɿɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɢɯ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɿɜ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɫɬɚɸɬɶ ɨɞɧɿɽɸ ɡ ɧɚɣɜɚɠɥɢɜɿɲɢɯ ɭɦɨɜ ɜɢɯɨɞɭ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɭ ɫɬɚɥɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ.

Ɍɚɤɚ ɥɨɝɿɤɚ ɩɨɜɟɞɿɧɤɢ ɜɩɢɫɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɸ ɟɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɿɜ, ɹɤɚ ɧɚɛɭɥɚ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɿ ɭ 1980-ɬɿ ɪɨɤɢ. ȼɨɧɚ ɛɚɡɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɚɧɧɿ ɧɚɹɜɧɢɯ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɢɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ ɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɞɚɬɧɨɫɬɿ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨʀ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɤɢ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɧɚɝɪɨɦɚɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɪɿɜɧɿ. ɍ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɨɦ, ɟɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦɭ ɽ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɧɟɫɟɧɧɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɿɜ ɡɪɨɫɬɚɧɧɹ ɭ ɜɿɞɫɬɚɥɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ ɡɡɨɜɧɿ, ɚ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɭɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɦɿɫɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɚɥɭ ɞɥɹ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ.

ȼ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿɹ “ɪɨɡɤɪɢɜɚɽ” ɬɪɚɞɢɰɿɣɧɢɣ ɿɡɨɥɹɰɿɨɧɿɫɬɫɶɤɢɣ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɦ, ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɭɸɱɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɿɸ ɟɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɱɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɱɢ ɜ ɧɟʀ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ. Ɍɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ, ɜ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨɛ ɛɭɬɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɢɦɢ ɬɚ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦɢ, ɜɢɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɢɯ ɞɿɣ, ɚ ɜɿɞɬɚɤ ɿ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɶ ɬɚɤɿ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɿ ɞɿʀ ɡɚ ɦɟɠɚɦɢ ɫɜɨɽʀ

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ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɨʀ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɿʀ. ȼɨɞɧɨɱɚɫ ɰɿ ɟɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɿ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɢ ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɜɚɬɢɦɭɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɟ ɭ ɩɨɽɞɧɚɧɧɿ ɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɿɲɧɶɨɸ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɚɪɫɶɤɨɸ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɨɸ, ɹɤɚ ɞɨɡɜɨɥɹɽ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɡɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɿɲɭ ɞɥɹ ɡɛɭɬɭ ɫɜɨɽʀ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɡɞɚɬɧɨʀ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ, ɩɟɪɲ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨʀ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɩɪɨɬɢɫɬɨɹɬɢ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɿɦ ɲɨɤɚɦ ɬɚ ɡɚɝɪɨɡɚɦ.

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɿɣ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɧɨɜɢɣ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ ɿɡ ɽɦɧɿɫɬɸ ɪɢɧɤɭ ɛɥɢɡɶɤɨ 300 ɦɥɧ ɫɩɨɠɢɜɚɱɿɜ ɿɡ ɫɟɪɟɞɧɶɨɸ ɧɚɞɿɥɟɧɿɫɬɸ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɦɢ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɚɦɢ, ɹɤɢɣ ɦɨɠɟ ɡɚɛɟɡɩɟɱɢɬɢ ɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɹ ɠɢɬɬɽɡɞɚɬɧɢɯ ɡɚ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɢɦɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɿɹɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ. ɉɨɞɿɛɧɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦɢ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ ɽ ȯɋ, ɇȺɎɌȺ, ɆȿɊɄɈɋɍɊ, ȺɋȿȺɇ (ɩɪɚɝɧɟ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɜ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɜɚɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɿ Ɇɋ Ɋɨɫɿʀ, Ȼɿɥɨɪɭɫɿ ɬɚ ɊɎ ȯȺȿɋ). ɉɪɢ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɫɩɢɪɚɧɧɹ ɧɚ ɟɧɞɨɝɟɧɧɿ ɞɠɟɪɟɥɚ ɪɨɡɜɢɬɤɭ ɪɨɛɢɬɶ ɬɚɤɿ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɫɬɿɣɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɜɿɬɶ ɡɚ ɜɢɫɨɤɨʀ ɜɿɞɤɪɢɬɨɫɬɿ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɦɭ ɫɜɿɬɨɜɿ. Ɉɬɠɟ, ɩɟɪɟɜɚɝɢ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɿɣɧɨʀ ɭɱɚɫɬɿ ɭ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɦɭ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɛ’ɽɞɧɚɧɧɿ ɡɞɚɬɧɿ ɩɿɞɲɬɨɜɯɧɭɬɢ ɫɥɚɛɤɿɲɿ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ ɞɨ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ. Ʉɪɢɬɟɪɿɽɦ “ɜɟɥɢɤɨɫɬɿ” ɭ ɰɶɨɦɭ ɜɢɩɚɞɤɭ ɞɟɹɤɿ ɜɱɟɧɿ ɜɜɚɠɚɸɬɶ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹ, ɛɿɥɶɲɭ ɡɚ 300 ɦɥɧ ɨɫɿɛ.

Ɉɞɧɚɤ ɫɶɨɝɨɞɧɿ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɿ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ ɬɚ ʀʀ ɩɪɨɹɜɭ ɧɨɜɨʀ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ (ɪɟɝɿɨɧɚɥɶɧɨʀ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɨʀ ɿɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɿʀ ɧɚ ɡɚɫɚɞɚɯ ɿɧɬɟɪɧɚɰɿɨɧɚɥɿɡɚɰɿʀ), ɮɨɪɦɭɸɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɦɿɠɧɚɪɨɞɧɿ ɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ, ɚ „ɫɭɩɟɪɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ” (ɦɟɝɚɪɟɝɿɨɧɢ): ɽɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɢɣ, ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ ɿ ɚɡɿɣɫɶɤɨ-ɬɢɯɨ- ɨɤɟɚɧɫɶɤɢɣ. Ɂɚ ɨɰɿɧɤɚɦɢ ɟɤɫɩɟɪɬɿɜ, ɞɟɫɶ ɡɚ 10-15 ɪɨɤɿɜ ɭ ɤɨɠɧɨɦɭ ɡ ɰɟɧɬɪɿɜ ɰɿɽʀ ɬɪɿɚɞɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɽɬɶɫɹ ɿ ɞɿɹɬɢɦɟ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɟɥɶɧɢɣ ɛɥɨɤ ɿɡ 30-40 ɤɪɚʀɧ ɿɡ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɧɹɦ ɜɿɞ 800 ɦɥɧ ɞɨ 2 ɦɥɪɞ ɨɫɿɛ.

ɇɚȯɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɶɤɨɦɭ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɿɰɟ “ȯɋ + ȯɎɌȺ + ɱɥɟɧɢȯȼɊɈɆȿȾ + “ɧɨɜɿ ɧɚ ɰɟɣ ɱɚɫ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɬɭɩ ɞɨ ȯɋ, ɹɤɢɦ ɛɭɞɟ ɧɚɞɚɧɨ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɜɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɬɨɪɝɿɜɥɿ””. ɇɚ ɞɜɨɯ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɟɧɬɚɯ ɜɠɟ ɫɬɜɨɪɸɽɬɶɫɹ “ɎɌȺȺ”, ɚ ɜ Ⱥɡɿʀ – “ȺɋȿȺɇ + ɬɪɢ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ (Ʉɢɬɚɣ, əɩɨɧɿɹ, ɉɿɜɞɟɧɧɚ Ʉɨɪɟɹ) + ɋȿɊ (Ⱥɜɫɬɪɚɥɿɹ ɬɚ ɇɨɜɚ Ɂɟɥɚɧɞɿɹ) + ɧɨɜɿ ɿɧɞɭɫɬɪɿɚɥɶɧɿ ɤɪɚʀɧɢ”, ɚ ɬɚɤɨɠ ȺɎɌȺ.

ȼɿɞɬɚɤ, ɭ ɦɚɣɛɭɬɧɶɨɦɭ ɠɢɬɬɽɡɞɚɬɧɢɦ, ɟɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɢɦ, ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɪɨɦɨɠɧɢɦ ɛɭɞɟ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɪɟɝɿɨɧ (ɹɤ ɟɤɨɧɨɦɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɫɬɿɪ) ɿɡ ɽɦ-

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