- •Методичні рекомендації до вивчення фахової термінології з метрології для студентів освітньо- кваліфікаційного рівня бакалавра
- •Передмова
- •Section 1 concepts of measurement
- •Metrology and its types
- •Importance of metrology and its aims
- •Metrology at work
- •Skills, training, and advancement
- •Methods of measurement
- •Indirect method of measurement:
- •Units of measurement
- •Certification
- •Standards
- •Text 9
- •Sensitivity
- •Vernier scale
- •Errors in measurements
- •Measurement uncertainty
- •Uncertainty evaluation
- •Section 2 history of measurements
- •Egyptian cubit
- •Babylonian foot
- •Early measurements in europe
- •Ideas of international system of measurement
- •Metric system
- •British opposition
- •Necessity of timekeeping
- •Calendars
- •Mechanical clocks
- •Longtitude and absolute time
- •Clocks and wristwatches
- •First weight standards
- •Weighing
- •The kilogram
- •Technical terms
- •Додаток Physical Quantities and its unit
- •Metric convertion chart
- •Список літератури
- •Generalized Measurement system
Skills, training, and advancement
Workers in metrology often follow indirect career paths to their jobs. There are, however, some skills and training common to workers in metrology occupations. And experience may lead to increased responsibilities in other metrology work.
Skills. Highly skilled metrologists - those developing new tests and product designs in laboratories - must be proficient in mathematics, the sciences, and engineering. They must also have excellent communication skills, because they often work on teams with other researchers and scientists.
Metrologists at the technician level need mechanical aptitude. Technicians also must be able to maintain high levels of concentration while making slight, precise adjustments to equipment.
Training. Unlike other sciences, metrology has a relatively low profile with few formal education programs. There are several degree programs for metrologists at the associate-degree level. Some 4-year universities offer metrology specializations in their engineering departments.
Many metrologists who have a bachelor's or higher degree study a science or engineering discipline other than metrology. Some research metrologists, for example, might have a physics or mechanical engineering degree. Others have a degree specific to the industry in which they are employed; for example, metrologists working in the aerospace industry might have a degree in aerospace engineering.
Metrologists at the technician level usually don't need a degree. Most have a high school diploma and receive on-the-job training. The U.S. military also offers many training programs in the study of metrology.
Advancement. Assuming more responsibility in jobs related to metrology, like jobs in many fields, often depends on gaining experience. Technicians may advance to more sophisticated metrology jobs with experience and instruction, including through formal or informal mentorships. For example, a quality control technician working on a factory floor might be coached to consider more complex design issues.
Mid-level metrologists might work as technicians or scientists, but either worker may find advancement to other metrology-related jobs. Because of their expertise, the most, experienced usually work as managers or supervisors of other metrologists.
EXERCISE 1
Translate and remember the following words
success, successful, successive, succeed, critical, criticize, calibrate, calibration, both…and, flammability, cell phone, resistance, rely on, meter, gauge, verify, verification, skills, advance, advantage, because, because of.
EXERCISE 2
Write antonyms to the following words
often formal
dependence advancement
responsible
sophisticated with
low indirect
help employment
input accurate
EXERCISE 3
Answer the following questions to the texts
What industries can metrologists be employed in?
How can metrologists prevent hackers’ attacks?
Can metrologists be of any help for people having their own house?
What do you have to know to become a qualified specialist?
Is it necessary to get at least a bachelor’s degree to become a metrologist in Ukraine?
EXERCISE 4
Circle the correct verb form in the sentences
1. We generallyeat/are eating quite early during the week.
2. Right now I learn/am learning to play the saxophone.
3. With the regard to my financial situation, for the time being I work/am working in a children's hospital.
4. I am writing/write in response to your advertisement which I saw in the Daily Times.
5. At the moment I am enjoying/ enjoy myself in my new job.
6. It is always at this time of year that my family are visiting/visit my grandfather's grave.
7. At present I study/am studying for my International Baccalaureate.
8. In France people buy/are buying fresh bread every day.
9. I am currently working/currently work on an alternative energy project.
10. Right now I am needing/need to improve my social English for my job.
LESSON 3
TEXT 5