Институт права, социального управления и безопасности

Контрольная работа

по английскому языку

для студентов заочной формы обучения

LEGAL PROFESSIONS The basic duty the lawyer owes to the administration of justice is to serve as the accused’s counselor and advocate with courage, devotion, and to the utmost of his or her learning and ability and according to law. American Bar Association General Standards

° Vocabulary

EXERCISE 1. Fill in the table according to the given example. Not all forms will be used for each word. Use dictionary, if necessary. Translate the words into Russian.

Verb	Noun (thing or concept)	Noun (person)	Adjective
consult	consultancy, consultation	consultant	consultative
advocate	advocacy	advocate	Advocating, advocated, advocatable
advise
counsel		counselor
abolish
negotiate
litigate
issue
legislate	legislature		legislatorial, legislative
resolve
challenge	challenge
deal with

EXERCISE 2. Choose the correct word from the list to complete each sentence. Translate the sentences into Russian.

advocate deals with legislature negotiations

issue counselor resolution adviser

consultancy challenged abolishing litigator

1. An agency offering professional advice is a __________.

2. He is a strong _________ of prison reforms.

3. A solicitor often __________ work performed by notaries in other countries.

4. The lawyer __________ her eligibility for jury service.

5. The branch of government responsible for making laws is _________.

6. The agreement was the result of long __________.

7. A lawyer who prepares cases for trial is a _________.

8. An _________ is a point in dispute between two or more parties.

9. The client acted on advice of his __________.

10. He advocates the __________ of death penalty.

11. A __________ is a formal decision made by an official body.

12. He is the government’s special __________ on foreign affairs.

° Reading and language study

Legal Professions

(I) The legal profession traditionally is one of the most influential professions in all societies. A career as a lawyer can be challenging and rewarding. The law is constantly changing and each day brings new, usually unexpected challenge. The practice of law is by its nature a learning process. The learning continues every day as clients present new problems for lawyer to deal with. It takes years of long hard work and dedication to become a successful lawyer. The reward comes not only from good income but from doing a good job helping your client and seeing the justice is done.

(II) The most striking feature of the English legal system is the division of the legal profession into two separate branches: barristers and solicitors. These two kinds of lawyers do different jobs in the legal system. In the popular mind, the distinction between solicitors and barristers is that barristers do the court work and solicitors do the office work. In practice, the great amount of court work is done by solicitors, and barristers do much office work. Barristers provide a specialist consultancy and advocacy service. The majority of barristers work in private practice. They can also be employed by organizations including the Government Legal Service, the Crown Prosecution Service, industry, commerce and armed forces. Solicitors make up the largest branch of the legal profession in England. They provide comprehensive legal services including advice, preparation of documents, negotiation, representation in court, and work often performed by notaries in other countries. Solicitors are the first point of contact for the citizen, public authorities, business, other professions and foreign clients when looking for legal advice.

(III) * The American legal profession, like American law, has its roots in England, but with a significant difference. In the United States there is no division of the profession between office lawyers, known as solicitors, and courtroom lawyers, known as barristers. An American attorney frequently does both office work and courtroom work. As a result there is a great deal of variety in the types of work American lawyers perform. Depending on the situation and the needs of the client, the lawyer may be a counselor, a negotiator, and a litigator. As a counselor an attorney advises clients in their business and personal affairs. As a negotiator a lawyer works on behalf of his client with opposing counsel to get a favorable resolution for the client. A litigator assists clients with litigation in court preparing cases for trial and handling appeals. The lawyer is also an officer of the court and is required to deal fairly and honestly with the court and with other officers, including the lawyers’ opponents.

(IV) Lawyers have historically been active in the most important political and policy issues facing the nation. They are now active in a variety of legal movements including promoting social reform legislation, abolishing the death penalty; same-sex marriage rights and civil rights for gays; abortion and women’s rights, immigration law and international human rights. The legal profession will continue to play an important role in every issue society has to resolve. Lawyers may also pursue careers as civic and political leaders, judges, governmental officials, professors or business executives. Many lawyers work for public interest groups representing the poor, protecting the environment or defending peoples’ civil liberties. *

EXERCISE 3. Scan the text and find definition to these legal terms:

• solicitor

• barrister

• litigator

• counselor

• negotiator

EXERCISE 5. Read the text carefully and complete the sentences given below.

1. A career as a lawyer can be ________ and rewarding.

2. England is unique in having two types of lawyers: ________ and barristers.

3. Barristers provide a specialist consultancy and ________ service

4. Solicitors deal with preparation of documents, ________, representation in court.

5. An American attorney may be a counselor, a litigator and a ________.

6. A counselor can ________ clients in their business and personal affairs.

7. A negotiator works on behalf of his client to get ________ ________ for the client.

8. A litigator assists clients with ________ in court.

9. Lawyers are active in promoting social reform ________.

10. Legal profession plays an important role in every ________ society has to resolve.

EXERCISE 7. Using the paragraph reference given in brackets, find in the text the English equivalents for these Russian legal terms and expressions.

• неожиданная задача, проблема (I)

• профессиональная консультация и адвокатские услуги (II)

• юридический совет (II)

• посредник, сторона в переговорах (III)

• от лица клиента (III)

• адвокат возражающей, противной стороны (III)

• положительное решение (III)

• судебный спор, процесс (III)

• заниматься апелляционными жалобами (III)

• служащий суда (III)

• вопросы политического характера и дальнейшего развития (IV)

• законодательство в области социальных реформ (IV)

• продолжать карьеру (IV)

• защищать гражданские свободы (IV)

EXERCISE 8. Translate the text LEGAL PROFESSIONS into Russian.