Министерство образования и науки российской

ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Государственное образовательное учреждение

высшего профессионального образования

УРАЛЬСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ

УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Реферат

По теме:

«LosAngeles»

Студент: Тангрибердиева Л. Р.

Группа УП-14-1

Проверил: Прешкина Т. А.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Los Angeles officially the City of Los Angeles, often known by its initials L.A., is the most populous city in the U.S. state of California and the second-most populous in the United States, after New York City, with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621. It has a land area of 469 square miles (1,215 km2), and is located in Southern California.

The city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles–Long Beach–Anaheim metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 13 million and over 18 million people in combined statistical area respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as Angelenos.

Spanish governor Felipe de Neve founded Los Angeles on September 4, 1781. It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence. In 1848, at the end of the Mexican–American War, Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, thereby becoming part of the United States. Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4, 1850, five months before California achieved statehood.

Nicknamed the City of Angels, Los Angeles is a global city, with strengths in business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine and research and has been ranked sixth in the Global Cities Index and 9th Global Economic Power Index. The city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields and is one of the most substantial economic engines within the United States. The Los Angeles combined statistical area (CSA) has a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $831 billion (as of 2008), making it the third largest in the world, after the Greater Tokyo and New York metropolitan areas. Los Angeles includes Hollywood and leads the world in the creation of television productions, video games, and recorded music; it is also one of the leaders in motion picture production. Additionally, Los Angeles hosted the Summer Olympic Games in 1932 and 1984.

1 Culture

High percentage of creatives

Los Angeles is often billed as the "Creative Capital of the World," because one in every six of its residents works in a creative industry. According to the USC Stevens Institute for Innovation, "there are more artists, writers, filmmakers, actors, dancers and musicians living and working in Los Angeles than any other city at any time in the history of civilization."

Movies and the performing arts

Los Angeles is home to Hollywood, globally recognized as the epicenter of the motion picture industry. A testament to its preeminence in film, the city plays host to the annual Academy Awards, the oldest and one of the most prominent award ceremonies in the world. Finally, Los Angeles is home to the USC School of Cinematic Arts, the oldest film school in the United States.

The performing arts play a major role in Los Angeles' cultural identity. According to the USC Stevens Institute for Innovation, "there are more than 1,100 annual theatrical productions and 21 openings every week." The Los Angeles Music Center is "one of the three largest performing arts centers in the nation," with more than 1.3 million visitors per year. The Walt Disney Concert Hall, centerpiece of the Music Center, is home to the prestigious Los Angeles Philharmonic. Notable organizations such as Center Theatre Group, the Los Angeles Master Chorale, and the Los Angeles Opera are also resident companies of the Music Center. Talent is locally cultivated at premier institutions such as the Colburn School and the USC Thornton School of Music.

Museums and galleries

There are 841 museums and art galleries in Los Angeles County. In fact, Los Angeles has more museums per capita than any other city in the world. Some of the notable museums are the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (the largest art museum in the Western United States), the Getty Center (part of the larger J. Paul Getty Trust, the world's wealthiest art institution), the Battleship Iowa, and the Museum of Contemporary Art. A significant number of art galleries are located on Gallery Row, and tens of thousands attend the monthly Downtown Art Walk there.

Urban art

Los Angeles has over 1,600 murals throughout the city that touch on a variety of subjects. The Chandler Outdoor Gallery is a collection of murals in the NoHo Arts District. Hollywood’s urban art is more celebrity-focused, such as “Hollywood Jazz 1945-1972” on the iconic Capitol Records building, “You Are the Star” on Wilcox, and “Dolores del Rio” on Hudson. In Downtown L.A., “The Pope of Broadway” depicts actor Anthony Quinn dancing on the side of the Victor’s Clothing Building. “Los Angeles Teachers” features Edward James Olmos in character alongside Jaime Escalante in a mural located behind East L.A.’s famous El Mercado marketplace. For urban art from a different point of view, Metro's Art Department has commissioned more than 300 artists to incorporate art into transportation projects throughout L.A. County.

Music

There’s nothing quite like experiencing concerts in Los Angeles, whether it’s a stadium show with tens of thousands of screaming fans, or a late night jazz session in an intimate club. LA’s world-class venues include the stunning Walt Disney Concert Hall and the Nokia Theatre at L.A. Live in Downtown LA, Hollywood’s Dolby Theatre, and the historic Wiltern and the Palladium. LA's year-round sunny weather is ideal for enjoying outdoor concerts at the Hollywood Bowl, Greek Theatre and John Anson Ford Theatre. Music festivals and free concerts include the Grand Performances at California Plaza, the Music Spotlight Series at Universal CityWalk, and the Twilight Dance Series at the Santa Monica Pier. Concerts happen every night in smaller clubs like the Conga Room and the House of Blues Sunset Strip.

Theatre & Dance

There are more theaters in Los Angeles than any other city in the United States, and its 1,500 annual productions are more than any city in the world. Dance productions range from classical ballet to avant-garde performances. Hollywood’s landmark Pantages Theatre presents all-time Broadway hits like Book of Mormon, Peter Pan and West Side Story. Center Theatre Group is one is of the largest theatre companies in the nation, with year-round programming at the Mark Taper Forum and the Ahmanson Theatre in Downtown L.A., and the Kirk Douglas Theatre in Culver City. Glorya Kaufman Presents Dance at The Music Center (KDMC) is one of the largest West Coast presenters of dance. REDCAT is a creative laboratory inside Walt Disney Concert Hall that nurtures today’s cutting-edge artists.

Architecture & Gardens

Many Los Angeles landmarks are renowned as architectural masterpieces, and L.A.’s lush gardens are equally as famous. Pritzker Prize winning architects designed Walt Disney Concert Hall, the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels, the Broad Contemporary Art Museum at LACMA, and the Getty Center. Legendary architect Frank Lloyd Wright designed several L.A. landmarks, including the Hollyhock House and the Ennis House. Gardens are an integral part of L.A.’s cultural landscape, such as Descanso Gardens and the Huntington Library. Exposition Park’s famous Rose Garden is on the National Register of Historic Places. Renowned artist Robert Irwin designed the Getty Center’s Central Garden. UCLA’s Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden maintains one of the country's most important living botanical collections.

Fasion

When it comes to fashion, Los Angeles has always been a city ahead of the curve. Fashionistas should head straight to the Fashion District in Downtown L.A., one of the best shopping areas in the world for cutting edge fashion and bargain prices. Visit La Brea Avenue for trendy gear and vintage clothing, or stroll nearby West Third Street and its many boutiques. The jet set park their Ferraris on famed Rodeo Drive for the ultimate luxury items, while mere mortals can shop with the stars on Robertson Blvd. Celebrities have also made Ventura Blvd. in the Valley a hotspot for vintage and high-end fashion alike. Tomorrow’s fashion superstars are being created today at the Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising (FIDM), where the public can attend the annual DEBUT Runway Show, and fashion exhibits at the FIDM museum.