11 Points

2. Match the words with their definitions:

12. 1) to catch (a criminal)

13. 2) a person who violated law

14. 3) a person who saw a crime

15. 4) a place where legal decisions are taken

16. 5) a place where criminals are kept

17. 6) a person who passes sentences

1. a criminal (offender)

2. to arrest

3. the court

4. a judge

5. a witness

6. a prison

6 Points

3. Form the nouns from the following verbs and translate them into Russian:

18. to offend

19. to investigate

20. to decide

21. to cooperate

22. to regulate

23. , to explain

24. to suspect

25. to interrogate

26. to situate,

27. to supervise

28. to organize

29. to accuse

12 Points

4. Use the words from the box in the text below:

arrest suspects powers search crime custody

30. The police have a lot of ______. 31. Policemen can stop and _____ cars, if they suspect that there may be weapons or stolen things in the car. 32. Policemen can ______ people and take them to the police station, where the 33. _________ can be interrogated. 34. The suspects can be kept in ________ not longer than 24 hours. 35. If the _______ is serious, the suspect can be kept in the police station for 96 hours.

6 Points

5. A) Turn active sentences into passive.

36. The police arrested the criminal yesterday.

37. The judge will pass the sentence.

38. The investigator will interrogate the witnesses.

39. They keep criminals in prison.

40. The lawyer has already collected all the evidence.

2. Use the verbs in the brackets in the Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.

41. John told me that they (wait) for the criminal near the house for two days.

42. I did not know that the police already (arrest) the suspect.

43. I just wanted to know if you (obtain) any useful information.

44. When I offered him money, he said that he already (receive) his payment.

45. The judge explained what crime the accused (committed).

10. points

6. Translate into English.

41. Полицейский может арестовать нарушителя закона.

47. Скотланд Ярд – это штаб-квартира полиции Лондона.

48. Полицейские патрулируют улицы Лондона днем и ночью.

49. Самые опытные детективы работают в Скотланд Ярде.

50. Скотланд Ярд сотрудничает с Интерполом.

5 Points

Total: 50 point

UNIT 2. THE TRIAL. THE JURY.

Reading and speaking

Topic 1. Kinds of cases.

Vocabulary

violation – нарушение

distinction – различие

defendant – ответчик, подсудимый, обвиняемый

plaintiff – истец

procedure – процедура

prosecution – обвинение

to bring a case – возбудить дело

to bring a suit – подать иск

money damages – убыток, ущерб

to injure – причинить вред, ранить

injury– ранение, травма

burdenofproof– бремя доказывания

sue– преследовать по суду, предъявлять иск (обвинение)

presume innocence – считать невиновным

presumption of innocence – презумпция невиновности

1. Translate the following sentences

1. The person charged with the criminal offence is the defendant.

2. A criminal case is brought by a prosecutor.

3. A successful criminal prosecution will result in a conviction.

4. The word “guilty” is used primarily of criminals. The correspondent word in civil cases is “liable”, but this word is also used in criminal contexts.

5. The party bringing a civil action is the plaintiff.

6. The party is one of the persons or sides in a legal agreement or dispute.

7. The defendant in a civil case is sued by a plaintiff.

8. If the plaintiff is successful, the defendant will be found liable.

9. Judgment is a decision of a judge or court.

10. Procedure is the regular order of doing legal things.

11. A proceeding is a course of action.

12. Damages are money given as legal compensation.

13. To sue is tit take legal action against someone in a civil case.

2. Put the words below in one of the columns:

Civil case Criminal case

Crime, life imprisonment, to convict, guilty, liable, plaintiff, defendant, to prosecute, to punish, prosecution, conviction, prosecutor, offence, punishment

3. Read the text.

Crime is a violation of a law. Courts decide both criminal and civil cases. Most countries make a clear distinction between civil and criminal procedures. Criminal and civil procedures are different.

In Anglo-American law, the party bringing a criminal action (that is in most cases the state) is called the prosecution. The party bringing a civil case is called the plaintiff. In both kinds of cases the other party is called the defendant. A criminal case against a person called Ms. Brown would be described as ‘The People vs. (versus, or against) Brown” in the USA and “R. (Regina, that is, the Queen) vs. Brown” in England. A civil action between Ms. Brown and Mr. Smith would be “Brown vs. Smith” if it was started by Brown, and “Smith vs. Brown” if it was started by Mr. Smith.

Civil cases are usually disputes between or among private citizens, corporations, governments, government agencies, and other organizations. Most often, the party bringing the suit is asking for money damages. For example, a landlord may sue a tenant for failure to pay rent. People who have been injured may sue a person or a company responsible for the injury. It is up to the plaintiff to prove the case against the defendant. This is called the plaintiff’s burden of proof.

A criminal case is brought by the state or by a city or county against a person or persons accused of committing a crime. If the defendant has pleaded not guilty, you should presume the defendant’s innocence unless the defendant’s guilt is proved.

Jury verdict does not need to be unanimous in civil cases. Only ten jurors need to agree upon a verdict if there are 12 jurors. Five must agree if there are six jurors. In criminal cases the verdict must be unanimous, that is, all jurors must agree that the defendant is guilty in order to overcome the presumption of innocence.

4. Answer the questions:

What is a civil case?

Who is a plaintiff?

Who is a defendant?

What is a suit?

What is a burden of proof?

What is a criminal case?

Who is the plaintiff in the criminal case?

What is meant by the presumption of innocence?

5. Fill in the gaps with words and expressions from the text.

1. He was seriously ______ in a car accident.

2. _____ is a person who brings a suit in court.

3. Are you going to start a _____ against this company?

4. He claimed money ______ from his employer for the loss of his health at work.

5. Presumption of ______ is the main principle of justice.

6. A criminal case is usually brought by the ______.

7. The firm was responsible for the ______ and had to pay the compensation.

8. The ________ is a person against whom a case is brought.

6. Choose two of these expressions to complete each sentence below:

1. serious e. criminal offence

2. illegal f. commit a crime

3. crime g. against the law

4. violent h. break the law

1. Young men are more likely to ______ / ______ than any other group in society.

2. In most countries carrying the gun is _______ /________ .

3. In most countries drunk driving is a _____ / ______ .

4. Latest figures show that _____ / ______ crime, such as murder and rape, is on the increase.

7. Use the verbs to complete the story:

suspected arrested heard

questioned charged convicted

A few months ago Ron was _______ by the police, who ______ him of being involved in a robbery at a local post office. He had been ______ previously of petty crime, but never anything serious. The police ______ him for several hours and finally _______ him with robbery. A few weeks later he got a letter saying that he had to appear in court the following month when his case would be _______ . ²⁰

8. Use these nouns to complete the text:

trial crime defence

court case judge

If you commit a crime a ______ and are caught, you can expect to go to ______ . If the crime is a serious one, you will be sent for a ______ . Your ______ will be heard before a _______ and a jury. The prosecution will try to show why you are guilty, while the _______ will try to show that you are not. ²¹