Unit 11

Тема: Турбины

Грамматика:

1. Герундий.

2. Отглагольные существительные.

3. Выражение “to be of”.

4. Рамочная конструкция

5. Герундиальные обороты.

Повторение:

1. Действительный и страдательный залоги.

2. Инфинитив.

3. Причастия.

4. Инфинитивные и причастные обороты.

5. Грамматический разбор.

Тексты:

1. Water turbines

2. Steam turbines

Лексика

	axially	по оси; по осевой линии
	blade	лопасть, лопатка
	bucket	ковш
	convergent	конвергентный, сужающийся
	engine	двигатель, машина
	fortunate	счастливый, удачный
	head	напор
	inlet	входное отверстие; впускное устройство
	jet	струя
	journal bearing	подшипник скольжения
	leakage	утечка
	momentum	импульс, количество движения
	nozzle	сопло
	pump	насос
	reduction	понижение, снижение
	rotary	вращательный
	runner	ротор
	seal	изоляция
	shaft	вал
	similar	похожий, подобный
	stage	ступень
	stream	поток
	success	успех
	thereby	таким образом
	thrust bearing	упорный подшипник
	to adopt	принимать
	to curve	искривлять
	to divide	делить
	to exert	оказывать (силу, давление)
	to expand	расширять
	to fix	закреплять
	to give up	отдавать
	to impart	сообщать, передавать
	to impinge	сталкиваться, ударяться
	to orient	ориентировать
	to permit	позволять, разрешать
	to turn	поворачивать(ся)
	towards	по направлению к
	turbine	турбина
	valve	клапан

I. Вспомните, как переводятся следующие слова:

head; snow; to run; to jump; to give.

II. Прочитайте и переведите слова, не пользуясь словарем. Обратите внимание на их произношение:

business; centimeter; compressor; generator;; propeller; proportion; reaction; rotor; station; storm; thermodynamic; to analyze; to date; to identify; to summarize; to position; to transform.

III. Прочитайте, переведите и попытайтесь запомнить следующие слова:

• существительные

blade; bucket; engine; head; inlet; jet; journal bearing; leakage; momentum; nozzle; pump; reduction; runner; seal; shaft; stage; stream; success; thrust bearing; turbine; valve;

• прилагательные

convergent; fortunate; rotary; similar;

• глаголы

to adopt; to curve; to divide; to exert; to expand; to fix; to give up; to impart; to impinge; to orient; to permit; to turn;

• наречия и предлоги

axially; thereby; towards.

IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

a) the consumption of power; ore deposits of low concentration; the object of space exploration; a series of dies; the working life of an engineering component; the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas; the principle of changing the velocity of a water jet; the kinetic energy of steam flow; a modern modification of a steam turbine; in the form of an acceleration of the particles of the vapor; a number of stages;

b) tool wear; stationary power-driven machines; machine-forging operations; the first automatic partially reusable spacecraft; a new laboratory module; the specified tolerance limits; a materials wear resistance; high velocity material removal; water turbines; steam turbines; gas turbines; pressure drop; rotary motion; the rotor blades; shaft rotation; an oil system; steam leakage; modern steam turbine designs;

c) the nature’s laws; the Moon’s rock samples; the world's electrical energy; the mankind’s leap; Nail Armstrong’s words; the software's responsibility; the turbine’s rotor; Newton’s second law; Newton’s third law; the turbine's curved blades.

Повторение

V. Прочитайте и переведите предложения, определите время и залог сказуемого. Поставьте к каждому предложению не менее трех вопросов:

1. The tool may be moved parallel to or across the direction of rotation forming parts that have a cylindrical or conical shape. 2. EBM equipment was commonly used by the electronics industry to make circuits in microprocessors. 3. The complex nature of wear has delayed its investigations. 4. In metal-forming operations, friction increases tool wear and the consumption of power required to work a piece. 5. Electrostatic separation employed an electric field to separate minerals of different electrical properties. 6. Use of the flotation process will make possible the exploitation of many ore deposits of low concentration. 7. Numerous buildings are now being constructed with use of HSLA steels. 8. A number of wear tests have been developed in an attempt to standardize wear testing for specific applications.

VI. Прочитайте предложения, найдите в них инфинитив. Сделайте грамматический разбор предложений и определите функцию инфинитива. Предложения переведите:

1. A very large proportion of personal computers regularly connect to the Internet to communicate and receive information. 2. Some modifications of this tool are only intended to drill and cannot be used for other functions. 3. But in manufacturing, to make two or more castings in a single mold is frequently desirable. 4. The Moon was the first space object (apart from the Earth itself) to be the object of space exploration. 5. Computer operating systems and applications were modified to include the ability to identify and access the resources of other computers on the network. 6. A main task of the ISS is to provide a place to conduct experiments that require one or more of the unusual conditions present on the station.

VII. Прочитайте предложения, найдите в них причастия, определите их функцию. Предложения переведите:

1. Tools are stationary power-driven machines used to shape or form solid materials, especially metals. 2. During the early part of the 20th the use of machine tools became widespread in the industrializing nations. 3. Forging is intended to shape iron and other malleable metals using localized compressive forces. 4. Machine-forging operations are frequently accomplished by use of a series of dies being mounted on the same press or hammer. 5. Having been forged the metal becomes stronger than cast metal and demonstrates greater resistance to fatigue and impact.

VIII. Прочитайте предложения. Определите, какой оборот использован в каждом из этих предложений (СИО, ОИО, СПО, ОПО, НПО):

1. This process is assumed increasing the physical characteristics of the metal. 2. An electrolytic cell is created in an electrolyte medium, with the tool being (as) the cathode and the workpiece being (as) the anode. 3. On-orbit construction of the station began in 1998 and is planned to be completed by 2011, with operations continuing until at least 2015. 4. Under these conditions we may find the alloy fast losing its strength. 5. Forging is known to be one of the oldest metalworking processes. 6. The wheel is composed of many small particles of abrasive, connected together, with each particle acting as a miniature cutting tool. 7. It’s possible to consider a layer of lubricant to minimize tool wear and decrease needed power by one third.

IX. Прочитайте предложения, определите тип придаточного предложения, сделайте грамматический разбор. Предложения переведите:

1. The first automatic partially reusable spacecraft was the Buran(Snowstorm),launched by the USSR on November 15, 1988, although it made only one flight. 2. Robotics is an engineering discipline in which mechanical and electronic systems have to co-exist and interact successfully. 3. It was reported that some orbital modules would be replaced with a new laboratory module. 4. Vertical lathes are used where very large diameters must be turned, and the workpiece is not very long. 5. Modern machine tools date from about XVIII century when a horizontal-boring machine for producing internal cylindrical surfaces was constructed. 6. The working life of an engineering component is over when dimensional losses exceed the specified tolerance limits. 7. Patterns of objects with overhanging parts may be made with removable pattern portions so that the pattern may be drawn from the mold piece by piece not breaking the sand mold.