Bazy_dannykh_Uchebnoe_posobie
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(A TIMES B) WHERE (X
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: A [X
Y] B
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71
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P[PNUM=PNUM]PD. |
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A(A1,A2,
,An,X1,X2,
Xp) 
B(X1,X2,
Xp,B1,B2,
Bm),
X1,X2,Xp (
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A 
B
(A1,A2, An,X1,X2, Xp) |
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(a1,a2, |
an,x1,x2, |
xp,b1,b2, bm), |
, |
(a1,a2, an,x1,x2, |
xp) A (x1,x2, |
xp,b1,b2, |
bm) B |
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A JOIN B
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73
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(A JOIN B) JOIN C = A JOIN (B JOIN C)
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24. |
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P JOIN PD JOIN D. |
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DNUM |
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PNUM |
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PNAME |
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DNAME |
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VOLUME |
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A(X1,X2,...Xn,Y1,Y2, |
Ym) |
B(Y1,Y2, Ym), |
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Y1,Y2, |
Ym - |
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A |
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(X1,X2,...Xn) |
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(x1,x2,xn), |
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(y1,y2, |
ym) B |
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(x1,x2, xn,y1,y2, |
ym). |
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A 
, 
B 
.
.
: A DIVIDDY B
23:
, 
, "
?". 
74
X=PD[PNUM,DNUM], 
. 
X DEVIDEBY Y 
,
.
25.
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X |
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X=PD[PNUM,DNUM] |
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Y=D[DNUM] |
DEVIDEBY Y |
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DNUM |
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75
8. |
SQL. |
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, |
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, |
. |
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, |
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, 
,
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. 
. SQL 
Structured Query Lanquage - g
. 
SQL 
ANSI (American National Standard Institute
)
ISO (International Standard Organization 
). 
SQL 
ANSI, 
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, 
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. 
,
" 
" 
, 
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- 
, 
, 
, 
. 
, 
, 
, 
, 
, 
(
), 
.
SQL
SQL: 
. 
, 
, 
.
SQL
,
. 
SQL, 
, 
, 
(
) 
.
76
. 19. |
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SQL |
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SQL, |
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SQL |
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(
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SQL, 
;
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(
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(
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;
.
77
SQL |
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. Data Definition Language, DDL) |
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. Data Manipulation Language, DML) |
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. Data Control Language, DCL) |
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( |
. Transaction Control Language, TCL) |
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(DCL). GRANT
, 
SQL.
DENY
- 
, 
.
(
DDL).
, 
, 
- 
: 
, 
, 
.
CREATE TABLE
<
> - 
.
DROP TABLE
<
> - 
.
ALTER TABLE
<
> -
, 
.
TABLE 
VIEW (
)
INDEX (
).
(
DML).
DML
.
SELECT
, 
. 
, 
, 
«
» 
«
».
78
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DELETE |
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SQL |
ANSI. |
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SET TRANSACTION |
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COMMIT |
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ROLLBACK ( |
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26. |
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1001 |
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0.10 |
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27. |
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2006 |
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1007 |
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79
28. 
3001 |
18.69 |
10.03.1990 |
2008 |
1007 |
3003 |
767.19 |
10.03.1990 |
2001 |
1001 |
3002 |
1900.10 |
10.03.1990 |
2007 |
1004 |
3005 |
5160.45 |
10.03.1990 |
2003 |
1002 |
3006 |
1098.16 |
10.03.1990 |
2008 |
1007 |
3009 |
1713.23 |
10.04.1990 |
2002 |
1003 |
3007 |
75.75 |
10.04.1990 |
2004 |
1002 |
3008 |
4723.00 |
10.05.1990 |
2006 |
1001 |
3010 |
1309.95 |
10.06.1990 |
2004 |
1002 |
3011 |
9891.88 |
10.06.1990 |
2006 |
1001 |
SELECT ( |
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SELECT, |
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29. |
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SELECT |
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FROM |
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----------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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0.12 |
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0.13 |
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0.11 |
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0.15 |
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DISTINCT |
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DISTINCT ( |
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, |
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SELECT. |
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