О. М. Ільченко Англійська мова для науковців

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

1.Forecasting future is always an uncertain business.

2.We learn much by reading books.

3.Writing essays in English requires practice.

4.It is worth remembering this rule.

5.They are capable of constructing these facilities.

6.Active animal life exists at all temperatures from the melting point of ice, to about 40° below the boiling point of water.

7.There are many reasons for questioning this theory.

8.The exhibition was worth attending.

9.He could not help joining the discussion.

10.I really thank you for taking all the trouble.

11.If you are not interested in asking questions, you are not interested in having answers.

12.The problem is worth solving.

13.I like to work without being disturbed.

14.Your studying much now will help you in your future work.

15.We succeeded in obtaining reliable results. -

16.They know about our investigating the problem.

17.In spite of his being tired, he continued to work.

18.I object to your discussing this issue now.

19.A true scientist is interested in being told about his or her mistakes.

20.I know of your having read this article.

21.He went away without having told us the necessary information.

22.The result of his investigation depended upon his having applied the proper method.

23.Academician Artzimovich once humorously defined science as a practice of the scientist's satisfying his or her curiosity at the expense of the government.

Exercise 4. Complete the following sentences.

1.This book succeeds in ... structuralist theory.

a.being told

b.telling

c.to tell

d.have told

2. ... having been invited to take part in the conference was quite unexpected.

a.we

b.our

c.us

d.ours

3.By thoroughly ... the experiment we obtained good results.

a.conduct

b.having conducted

c.to conduct

d.conducting

4.After ... the problem in full detail they decided to solve it.

a.discussion

b.discussing

c.having been discussed

d.to discuss

5.In spite of not ... any university education, Faraday made his great discoveries.

a.to have

b.have

c.having

d.has

6.Everything depends on ... finishing the project on time.

a.your

b.for you

c.yours

d.you

7.He was capable of ... the task.

a.performance

b.performing

c.perform

d.to perform

8. ... journals is important for every scientist.

a.We read

b.While reading

c.Reading

d.Read

9.One cannot master a foreign language without ... at it regularly.

a.working

b.to work

c.works

d.work

10.Automatic Call Distribution is the only way of ... that calls are answered without delay, in quick succession.

a.to make sure

b.will make sure

c.when making sure

d.making sure

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the gerund or the infinitive form of the word given.

1.It's difficult to quit __(smoke).

2.On my way home I stopped __(buy) some greeting cards at the bookstore.

3.I can't translate this article because I forgot ___(bring) the dictionary with me.

4.__(Wait) for exam made him more and more anxious.

5.Many children have stopped ___(play) traditional children's games and ___(seem) ___(prefer)

___(play) computer games.

6.They say he can't afford __(spend) much money on travels.

Еxercise 6. This survey will help you identify some of your personality traits, that will help you discover some occupations in which you would have the most interest. Pay special attention to translating verbals.

_____________________________________________________________________

you've finished, count the numbers circled on each line. Write the two highest categories on the lines below. These are the clusters in which you have the most interest. For example, if you scored highest in Social, and second highest in Artistic, your Code would be «SA». You would want to concentrate your career exploration efforts in those two categories.

Text B Read the text and be ready to answer the questions that follow.

Manufacturing is a prime generator of wealth and is critical in establishing a sound basis for economic growth. Manufacturing is a cornerstone of all economic activities, and efforts to continuously advance manufacturing technology are therefore vital to a richer and more stable future. Scientists undertake feasibility studies to develop next-generation advanced manufacturing technologies related to the following phenomena:

— the globalization of corporate activities;

— greater sophistication in manufacturing operations;

— changes in market requirements (e.g. more diversified needs);

— changes in human factors, including shortage of skilled labor;

— problems due to the need to preserve natural resources and the environment;

— increased investments required for manufacturing systems and R&D.

Globalization presents particular problem because, depending upon the nature and purpose of its activities, a company may have various facilities located around the world. To manage those facilities effectively, and to handle its policy making and production planning, a company needs a communications network that interconnects its multiple plants and other facilities. Setting up such a network is essential for exchanging data through an internationally compatible communications system. Increasingly, companies are finding they need a common intercompany communications system that enables different firms to exchange information.

Future plants based on the intelligent manufacturing system concept are expected to include such autonomous and intelligent systems as industrial robots, numerically controlled machine tools and interacting with an intelligent production management system. Computer-aided design, manufacturing and engineering at an R&D center will help in the rapid development of new products matched to customers needs. A global communications network with standardized interfaces will link the head office to the manufacturing plants, sales agents, and subcontractors.

Intelligent manufacturing system

Exercise 10. Read the text and answer the questions about it.

Isaac Newton (1642 — 1727) was born in England. Newton set modern physics on its feet by deriving laws showing how objects move on the Earth and in space, and by finding the law that describes gravity. For many years he developed his ideas about the nature of motion and about gravitation. In order to derive them mathematically, he invented calculus. Newton long withheld publishing his results, possibly out of shyness. Finally, Edmond Halley, whose name we associate with the famous comet, persuaded Newton to publish his works. A few years later, in 1687, the «Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica» (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) was published. He built the first reflecting telescope in 1668, and used it to study how the planets move.

Newton's most intellectually fertile years were those right after his graduation from college when he returned home to the country. Newton was a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, later in life went into government service. His tomb in Westminster Abbey bears the epitaph: «Mortals, congratulate yourselves that so great a man has lived for the honor of the human race». Newton made many discoveries that are part of modern science. Even now scientists still refer to «Newton's laws of motion», «Newtonian telescopes», «Newton's laws of gravitation». Scientists measure the force due to gravity in units called newtons.

1.What is the best title for the passage?

a.Newtonian telescope

b.Great invention

c.Isaac Newton

d.Edmond Halley

2.According to the author, Newton worked most productively

a.as a professor at Cambridge University

b.during his government service

c.while studying at college

d.right after graduation from college

3.It can be inferred from the passage that Isaac Newton

a.did not publish Principia in 1687

b.published his works together with Halley

c.wanted to publish his works as soon as possible

d.was probably a modest person

4.According to the passage Isaac Newton build his reflecting telescope at the age of

a.40

b.26

c.28

d.36

5.The passage was probably written by a specialist in

a.geology

b.geography

c.ecology

d.astronomy

Exercise 11. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for it.

1.We really need to advance this technology.

a.approach

b.improve

c.reproduce

d.realize

2.There is no shortage of these materials.

a.abundance

b.need

c.analogue

d.lack

3.Nylon is a versatile material.

a.is very useful

b.is indispensable

c.has many different uses

d.has very few uses

4.I'm accustomed to getting up early.

a.used to

b.not used to

c.interested in

d.capable of

5.That's a very sound suggestion.

a.silly

b.strange

c.reasonable

d.timely

6.I feel like studying tonight.

a.don't like

b.don't need

c.don't mind

d.don't want

7.He says he can't bear being shouted at.

a.can't resist

b.can't stand

c.can't forgive

d.can't thank for

8.You can rely on my doing it.

a.find out

b.insist on

c.object to

d.count on

9.We all share corporate responsibility.

a.collective

b.government

c.partial

d.this

10.He admitted the intrinsic merits of my idea.

a.innovative

b.intriguing

c.inherent

d.valuable

11.Ballet originated in Italy in the 1400s.

a.coexisted with

b.developed in

c.began in

d.brought about

12.Ultimately, the success of the product depends on good marketing.

a.in the beginning

b.in the end

c.usually

d.from time to time

Noteworthy

Genius is 1 percent inspiration and 99 percent perspiration.

Thomas Edison

UNscientifically speaking...

THEOREM:

It doesn't matter if something I buy turns out to be a mistake and unreturnable, because three years ago I found fifty dollars on the street, so THAT BALANCES EVERYTHING OUT!