Index

A

AAAM. See Anterior atlanto-axial membrane (AAAM)

AAOM. See Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (AAOM)

Abducens nerve, 59, 69, 70, 82–84, 86, 89, 93, 98, 99, 101–104, 106–108, 114–118, 123, 124, 130, 150–152

ACA. See Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) Accessory meningeal artery, 66

Accessory (spinal) nerve, 1–3, 7, 12–16, 35, 38, 39, 46–52, 63, 75, 76, 147, 153

AchA. See Anterior choroidal artery (AchA) AcomA. See Anterior communicating artery

(AcomA)

ACP. See Anterior clinoid process (ACP) AICA. See Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

(AICA)

Annulus of Zinn, 123

Anterior atlanto-axial membrane (AAAM), 145, 146

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (AAOM), 143, 145, 146

Anterior cerebral artery (ACA), 69, 102, 106, 112, 126–130, 132, 134–137, 139, 155

Anterior choroidal artery (AchA), 69, 125–127, 129, 131, 155, 156

Anterior clinoid process (ACP), 19, 67, 81, 85, 87–89, 96, 98, 100, 101, 103, 110–114, 120, 121, 123, 125, 129

Anterior commissure, 137

Anterior communicating artery (AcomA), 126, 132, 134, 136, 137, 139, 140

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), 82, 115, 116, 150–152

Anterior petroclinoid fold (APCF), 111, 114, 129 Anterior spinal artery (ASA), 149

APA. See Ascending pharyngeal artery (APA) ApaA. See Ascending palatine artery (ApaA) APCF. See Anterior petroclinoid fold (APCF) ASA. See Anterior spinal artery (ASA)

Ascending palatine artery (ApaA), 50, 53–56 Ascending pharyngeal artery (APA), 35, 36, 43, 44,

50, 55, 56, 59, 60, 66, 84, 143, 153 Auricolo-temporal nerve (ATN), 8–11, 26, 32, 34

B

Basilar artery (BA), 40, 61, 65, 69, 84, 89, 127, 128, 131, 143, 149–152, 156

Buccal nerve (BN), 25, 32, 33

C

Carotid canal (CC), 1, 3, 27, 39–43, 45, 47, 49, 60, 63, 65–67, 75–79, 81, 82

Carotid ridge (CR), 15, 39, 45, 66

Cavernous sinus, 19, 59, 60, 62, 71, 72, 75, 81–86, 88, 91–95, 97–99, 101, 102, 104–108, 110–116, 118, 121–125, 129, 130, 148, 154

CC. See Carotid canal (CC)

Chiasmatic sulcus (ChS), 87, 98, 101, 105 Choroid plexus (CP), 140, 141

Clivus (Cl), 22, 25, 27, 29, 37, 40, 45, 65–67, 72, 75, 82–84, 87, 89, 90, 94, 96, 98, 103, 109, 116, 127, 143, 145, 146, 148, 150, 154

Cochlea (Co), 40, 59, 60, 63, 65, 68 Condylar vein, 3

CP. See Choroid plexus (CP) CR. See Carotid ridge (CR)

D

Deep petrosal nerve (DPN), 59, 65, 70 Deep temporal nerve (DTN), 32

Digastric muscle (DM), 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 12–16, 35, 47–49, 51, 52, 55

Dorsum sellae (DS), 22, 67, 83, 84, 86, 87, 98, 100, 101, 111, 118, 127, 128, 137, 138, 156

DPN. See Deep petrosal nerve (DPN) DS. See Dorsum sellae (DS)

DTN. See Deep temporal nerve (DTN)

E

ECA. See External carotid artery (ECA) Eustachian Tube (ET), 17, 19, 21, 22, 24–27, 29,

31–36, 40–44, 59, 60, 62–65, 70, 71, 73–78, 88, 91, 93, 94, 104, 114, 146

External carotid artery (ECA), 1, 2, 7–9, 12, 13, 16, 34, 46, 48, 50–52, 54, 60, 143

F

Facial artery (FA), 2, 5, 7, 12, 35, 47, 49–52, 55 Facial nerve, 3, 6–9, 14–16, 35, 40, 47–49, 52, 63,

64, 67, 150–152

Falciform ligament (FL), 112, 114, 118 Fibrocartilago basalis (FCB), 59, 78, 94, 148 FL. See Falciform ligament (FL); Foramen

lacerum (FL)

FO. See Foramen ovale (FO)

Foramen lacerum (FL), 41, 59, 61, 66, 67, 75, 77, 83, 84, 146

Foramen of Monro, 137, 141

Foramen ovale (FO), 4, 10, 34, 37, 41, 60, 66–68, 70, 71, 74, 77, 83, 87, 98, 100–103, 154

Foramen rotundum (FR), 22, 73, 87, 88, 91, 92, 98, 100, 102, 103, 120, 121, 123

Foramen spinosum, 33, 34, 39, 41, 60, 61, 66–68, 70, 76, 77, 154

G

Geniculate ganglion (GG), 41, 60, 70, 74, 77 Genioglossus muscle (GGM), 50 Geniohyoid muscle (GHM), 50

GG. See Geniculate ganglion (GG) Glossopharyngeal nerve, 2, 3, 15, 16, 35, 38, 39,

46–56, 63, 64, 75, 76, 147, 151

Greater petrosal nerve (GPN), 41, 59–61, 65, 67–74, 77

H

Hamulus (H), 22, 27, 53, 72 HC. See Hypoglossal canal (HC)

Horizontal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICAh), 14, 19, 20, 40, 41, 59, 60, 62, 63, 65, 67–73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 88, 93, 98, 100, 101, 106, 152, 154

HT. See Hypothalamus (HT) Hyoglossus muscle (HGM), 50, 55 Hyoid, 50

Hypoglossal canal (HC), 3, 39, 41, 45, 46, 66, 76, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 152–154

Hypoglossal nerve, 1–3, 12, 15, 16, 35, 38, 39, 44, 46–53, 55, 75, 76, 93, 147, 149, 151, 153

Hypothalamus (HT), 105, 132, 138, 140

I

IAM. See Internal acoustic meatus (IAM) IAN. See Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN)

ICAh. See Horizontal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICAh)

ICAp. See Parapharyngeal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICAp)

ICF. See Interclinoid fold (ICF)

IHA. See Inferior hypophyseal artery (IHA) IJV. See Internal jugular vein (IJV)

ILT. See Inferolateral trunk (ILT)

Inferior alveolar nerve (IAN), 8, 10, 13, 25, 26, 28, 30, 32–34, 36, 40, 44, 55

Inferior hypophyseal artery (IHA), 83, 90, 97–100, 103, 105

Inferior ophthalmic vein (IOV), 119, 123 Inferior orbital fissure (IOF), 4, 92, 119–122

Inferior petrosal sinus (IPS), 2, 3, 39, 75, 76, 82, 116, 117, 143, 146, 154

Inferior petrosphenoidal ligament. See Petrolingual ligament (PLL)

Inferior rectus muscle (IRM), 109, 119, 122, 124 Inferolateral trunk (ILT), 69, 70, 81–83, 93, 98,

101–104, 107, 108, 129, 130 Infraorbital artery (IOA), 11, 14, 23, 24, 46 Infraorbital nerve (ION), 11, 23–25, 92, 121

Infratemporal fossa (ITF), 4, 8, 9, 11, 14, 18, 19, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30–32, 42, 52, 78, 89

Infundibulum, 125, 138 Interclinoid fold (ICF), 111, 114

Internal acoustic meatus (IAM), 39, 68, 154 Internal jugular vein (IJV), 1–3, 12–17, 26, 35,

37–40, 43, 44, 46–53, 55, 56, 63, 64, 71, 75, 76, 78, 144, 147, 154

IOA. See Infraorbital artery (IOA) IOF. See Inferior orbital fissure (IOF) ION. See Infraorbital nerve (ION)

IOV. See Inferior ophthalmic vein (IOV) IPS. See Inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) IRM. See Inferior rectus muscle (IRM) ITF. See Infratemporal fossa (ITF)

J

Jacobson’s nerve (JN), 3, 64, 66, 70 JB. See Jugular bulb (JB)

JF. See Jugular foramen (JF); Jugular fossa (JF) JT. See Jugular tubercle (JT)

Jugular bulb (JB), 3, 15, 63, 64, 154

Jugular foramen (JF), 2–3, 14–16, 35, 37–39, 41, 45, 48, 63, 64, 76, 77, 143, 145, 146, 152–154

Jugular fossa (JF), 3, 66

Jugular tubercle (JT), 14, 39, 75, 143, 146, 148, 152–154

L

Lateral opticocarotid recess (lOCR), 81, 82, 95–97, 110, 120–122, 124

Lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM), 9–11, 14, 17–19, 24–26, 28–34, 36, 40, 43, 44, 65, 88

Lateral pterygoid plate (LPP), 4, 22, 25, 26, 32, 33, 72, 87 Lateral semicircular canal (LSC), 14, 63, 68, 152 LCapM. See Longus capitis muscle (LCapM)

LColM. See Longus colli muscle (LColM) Lesser petrosal nerve (LPN), 60, 64, 70, 71

Levator veli palatini muscle (LVPM), 17–19, 25–27, 29, 31, 32, 36, 44, 88, 93

Lingual nerve (LN), 13, 16, 25, 26, 28, 30–37, 40, 42–44, 50, 51, 53, 55, 56, 78

lOCR. See Lateral opticocarotid recess (lOCR) Longus capitis muscle (LCapM), 2, 17, 19, 27, 29,

33–37, 39, 43, 44, 46, 50, 54, 78, 94, 144, 146, 147

Longus colli muscle (LColM), 17, 35, 39, 50, 146 Lower dural ring, 96, 110, 113

LPM. See Lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) LPN. See Lesser petrosal nerve (LPN) LPP. See Lateral pterygoid plate (LPP) LSC. See Lateral semicircular canal (LSC)

LVPM. See Levator veli palatini muscle (LVPM)

M

MA. See Maxillary artery (MA)

Mandible (M), 5, 6, 8–13, 18, 25, 26, 33, 34, 51–53, 55, 56

Mandibular nerve, 10, 31

Massa intermedia (MI), 137, 140, 141

Maxillary artery (MA), 8–11, 13, 17–19, 25–29, 31–36, 40, 42–44, 46, 60, 61, 78, 79, 85

Maxillary nerve, 82–83, 86, 92, 103 Maxillary sinus (MS), 89, 124

Maxillary strut (MS), 20, 88, 91, 119, 121, 122 MCA. See Middle cerebral artery (MCA) MCP. See Middle clinoid process (MCP) Medial opticocarotid recess, 81, 82, 95–97

Medial pterygoid muscle (MPM), 9, 13, 16–18, 24–34, 36, 37, 40, 42–44, 51, 53, 55, 65, 78

Medial rectus muscle (MRM), 109, 122, 124 Meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT), 83, 93, 97–101,

103, 104, 107, 112

MI. See Massa intermedia (MI)

Middle cerebral artery (MCA), 69, 102, 112, 125–156 Middle clinoid process (MCP), 67, 82, 87, 95, 96, 110,

111, 125

Middle meningeal artery (MMA), 9–11, 14–16, 26, 27, 30–34, 37, 40, 60, 61, 63–67, 69–71, 74–76, 78, 103, 125, 129, 147, 154

Mylohyoid muscle, 50

MM. See Muller’s muscle (MM)

MMA. See Middle meningeal artery (MMA) MPM. See Medial pterygoid muscle (MPM) MRM. See Medial rectus muscle (MRM)

MS. See Maxillary sinus (MS); Maxillary strut (MS) Muller’s muscle (MM), 122–124

Muscolo-tubal canal (MTC), 37, 41, 45, 66, 76, 77

N

Nasociliary nerve (NCN), 123, 124

O

OA. See Ophthalmic artery (OA)

OC. See Optic canal (OC); Optic chiasm (OC) Occipital condyle (OC), 4, 22, 37, 39, 41, 45, 72, 75–77,

87, 143, 145, 147, 148, 154

Oculomotor nerve, 62, 69, 70, 82, 86, 93, 100, 102, 106–109, 112–115, 118, 119, 122–125, 127–131, 137, 150, 151, 155, 156

Olfactory bulb, 126

ON. See Optic nerve (ON)

Ophthalmic artery (OA), 19, 69, 84–86, 88, 96, 97, 100, 103, 105–107, 109, 110, 113, 114, 118, 121–125, 127, 128, 130–132, 134

Ophthalmic nerve, 82, 83, 101, 107, 124

Optic canal (OC), 67, 82, 87, 96, 97, 109, 110, 119–121 Optic chiasm (OC), 90, 105–107, 125, 126, 128, 129,

132, 134, 136–138, 140, 155

Optic nerve (ON), 19, 69, 81, 82, 85, 86, 88, 90, 95–97, 102, 106, 107, 109, 110, 112–114, 118–125, 127–132, 134–136, 155

Optic strut (OS), 67, 81, 87, 95, 96, 98, 101, 105, 108, 110, 114, 118–121, 123

Optic tract (OT), 89, 125, 126, 131–133, 135, 155, 156

P

Palatovaginal canal (PVC), 20–22, 88, 91, 121 PAp. See Petrous apex (PAp)

Parapharyngeal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICAp), 1, 9, 11, 14–17, 26–30, 33–36, 38–40, 42–44, 46–56, 62–64, 71, 75, 76, 78, 79, 93, 94, 144, 147, 148, 154

PC. See Posterior commissure (PC) PCA. See Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)

PcomA. See Posterior communicating artery (PcomA) PCP. See Posterior clinoid process (PCP)

Petrolingual ligament (PLL), 20, 59, 67, 73, 81, 88, 111 Petrous apex (PAp), 59, 66, 70–73, 78, 93, 94, 99, 104,

111, 117, 129, 130, 154

PF. See Pituitary fossa (PF); Pyramidal fossa (PF) PG. See Pituitary gland (PG)

Pharyngeal canal, 21, 88

Pharyngeal tubercle (PT), 36, 45, 143, 145 Pituitary fossa (PF), 67, 87, 98, 101, 111

Pituitary gland (PG), 20, 81, 83–86, 88–93, 96–99, 101, 104–107, 109, 114, 116, 118, 120, 121, 125, 127–129, 131–134, 137, 138, 146

Pituitary stalk (PS), 89, 125, 127, 129, 131–134, 136–138

Planum sphenoidale (PS), 67, 82, 87, 90, 95–98, 105, 110, 111, 113, 114, 118, 120, 126, 132

PLL. See Petrolingual ligament (PLL) Posterior cerebral artery (PCA), 130, 150, 151

Posterior clinoid process (PCP), 81, 87, 101, 105, 111, 132, 133, 155

Posterior commissure (PC), 137, 140, 141

Posterior communicating artery (PcomA), 69, 125–129, 131, 150, 151, 155, 156

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), 149–153 Posterior petroclinoid fold (PPCF), 111

Posterior semicircular canal (PSC), 14, 63, 68, 152 PPCF. See Posterior petroclinoid fold (PPCF) PPG. See Pterygo-palatine ganglion (PPG)

PS. See Pituitary stalk (PS); Planum sphenoidale (PS) PSC. See Posterior semicircular canal (PSC) Pterygo-palatine ganglion (PPG), 21, 59–60, 92, 121,

124

PVC. See Palatovaginal canal (PVC) Pyramidal fossa (PF), 39, 66

R

Rectus capitis anterior muscle (RCAM), 35, 39, 144, 146, 147

Rhinopharynx (RP), 17, 21, 24, 27, 29, 42, 43, 78, 85, 90

S

SCA. See Superior cerebellar artery (SCA) SCG. See Superior cervical ganglion (SCG);

Supracondylar groove (SCG)

SCM. See Superior constrictor muscle (SCM) SHA. See Superior hypophyseal artery (SHA) SHM. See Stylohyoid muscle (SHM)

Sigmoid sinus (SS), 3, 14, 39, 63, 143, 154 SLN. See Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) SMG. See Submandibular gland (SMG) SOF. See Superior orbital fissure (SOF) Soft palate (SP), 18, 24, 25, 27, 29, 42, 78 SOV. See Superior ophthalmic vein (SOV)

SP. See Soft palate (SP); Styloid process (SP) SPA. See Sphenopalatine artery (SPA)

Sphenoid sinus (SS), 19–22, 40, 65, 71, 73, 81–83, 85–92, 106, 109, 114, 120, 121, 123, 124, 137, 146

Sphenopalatine artery (SPA), 11, 14, 18, 20, 21, 24, 28, 89, 92

Sphenopalatine foramen (SPF), 121

Sphenopetrosal fissure (SPF), 37, 60, 66–68, 121, 154 Spine of the sphenoid (SpS), 4, 9, 10, 16, 27, 32–34,

37, 41, 45, 75–77, 143, 154

SPS. See Superior petrosal sinus (SPS)

SS. See Sigmoid sinus (SS); Sphenoid sinus (SS) Styloglossal muscle, 54

Stylohyoid muscle (SHM), 1, 2, 47, 49–54, 56 Styloid process (SP), 2–4, 6, 9, 14, 16–18, 24, 25,

27, 29, 34, 37, 39, 41, 45–49, 59, 66, 76, 77, 144, 145, 147, 154

Stylomandibular ligament, 5, 7, 9, 53 Stylopharyngeal muscle, 16

Submandibular gland (SMG), 7, 12, 19, 50, 51 Superior cerebellar artery (SCA), 115, 127–131, 150,

151, 155, 156

Superior cervical ganglion (SCG), 2, 16, 45–49, 65, 147 Superior constrictor muscle (SCM), 1, 26, 27, 35, 36,

44, 46, 49–56

Superior hypophyseal artery (SHA), 84, 90, 102, 105, 109, 110, 112, 114, 125, 127, 131–133, 137

Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN), 1, 3, 16, 48 Superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), 119, 123

Superior orbital fissure (SOF), 82, 83, 86, 87, 91, 95, 100, 102, 103, 107, 109, 110, 112, 114, 118–125 Superior petrosal sinus (SPS), 69, 102, 108, 130, 154

Superior petrosphenoidal ligament, 154 Supracondylar groove (SCG), 45, 75, 76, 143,

145, 146

T

TB. See Tympanic bone (TB) Tectorial membrane, 143–145

Temporal muscle (TM), 18, 24–26, 33–35, 40, 65, 85 Tensor tympani muscle (TTM), 40, 41, 63–65, 68,

70, 71, 77

Tensor veli palatine muscle, 17, 75 Thalamus, 140, 141

TM. See Temporal muscle (TM)

Trigeminal nerve, 9, 14, 19, 26, 27, 30–34, 40, 42–44, 46, 60, 62, 64, 65, 69–71, 73–75, 78, 85, 86, 88, 89, 91–94, 97, 102, 104, 106, 107, 114–116, 118, 122–124, 130, 150, 151

Trochlear nerve, 62, 69–71, 82, 83, 86, 93, 100, 102, 106–108, 114, 115, 118, 124, 129, 130, 155

TTM. See Tensor tympani muscle (TTM) Tuberculum sellae (TS), 67, 82, 87, 96–98, 100, 101,

105, 111, 114, 118, 120, 127–129 Tympanic bone (TB), 6, 39, 45

U

Upper dural ring (UDR), 96, 102, 110, 112, 132

V

Vagus nerve, 1–3, 12, 15, 16, 35, 38, 39, 46–50, 52, 53, 63, 66, 75, 76, 147, 151, 153

Vertebral artery (VA), 35, 39, 45–47, 50, 116, 143–145, 147, 149, 151, 153

Vestibulo-(acoustic) cochlear nerve, 150–152

Vidian canal (VC), 20, 22, 25, 59–61, 72, 82, 87, 88, 91, 120, 121

Vidian nerve (VN), 21, 25–27, 32, 37, 40, 44, 59, 62, 65, 70–73, 78, 82, 85, 91–94, 97, 104, 106, 114, 116, 120, 122

Z

Zygomatic nerve (ZN), 92, 121

Zygomatic root (ZR), 14, 37, 63, 147