English_Grammar_in_Use

U NIT

6 Will (1)

II We use will ('II) when we decide to do something at the time of speaking:

•ali, I left the door open. I'll go and shut it.

•"What would you like to drink?" ''I'll have some coffee, please."

•"Did you call Ann?" "Oh no, I forgot. I'll do it now."

•I'm too tired to walk home. I think I'll take a taxi.

You cannot use the simple present (I do) in these sentences.

• I'll go and shut it. (not I go and shut it)

Do not use will to say what someone has already decided to do or arranged to do:

•I can't meet you tomorrow because my parents are coming to see me. (not my parents will come)

The negative of will is won't (or will not):

We often use 1 think I'll ... or 1 don't think I'll ... when we decide to do something:

•1 think I'll stay home this evening.

•1 don't think I'll go out tonight. I'm too tired.

II We often use will in these situations:

Offering to do something:

•That bag looks heavy. I'll help you with it. (not I help)

•"I need some money." "Don't worry. I'll lend you some."

Agreeing or refusing to do something:

• A: You know that book I lent you? Can I have it back?

.• B: Of course. I'll bring it back this afternoon. (not I bring)

•I've asked John to help me, but he won't.

•The car won't start. (= the car "refuses" to start)

Promising to do something:

•Thank you for lending me the money. I'll pay you back on Friday. (not I pay)

•I won't tell Tom what you said. I promise.

•I promise I'll call you as soon as I arrive.

Asking someone to. do something (Will you ... ?):

•Will you shut the door, please?

•Will you please be quiet? I'm trying to concentrate.

For will see also Unit 7. For will and going to see Unit 8.

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UNIT 6 Exercises

5."Did you write that letter to Jack?" "Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me.

......................... it tonight."

6. "Would you like tea or coffee?" " coffee, please."

Use I think I'll ... or I don't think I'll . .. . Read the situation and then write your sentence.

Examples: It's cold. You decide to close the window.J'.:t.hil1kl.'j/.c.I(J,.$.e.t.h.~..wlnd.o.w,..

3.You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don't want to play.

4.You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don't want to go.

Offer to do things. Tom has a lot ofthings to do and you offer to do them for him.

Example: Tom: Oh, I have to clean up. You: Np.I.. t.h8:(,.~<$..Il.I/.r.i9h..t.'J.~/I.t:Ie.fJ.tl.w/?~ ....

II Agree and promise to do things.

Example: A: Can you clean the windows? B: Sure, ..1.~II.cl~iJ.I1.t.l:u:m. this afternoon.

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U NIT

7 Will (2)

II When we talk aboijt the future, we often say what someone has arranged to do or intends to do. Do not use will in this situation:

•Tom is playing tennis on Monday. (not Tom will play)

•Are you going to watch television this evening? (not will you watch)

For arrangements and intentions see Units 4 and 5.

But often when we are talking about the future, we are not talking about arrangements or intentions. Study this example:

Tom: I'm really worried about my exam next week.

Ann: Don't worry, Tom. You'll pass.

"You'll pass" is not an arrangement or an intention. Ann is just saying what will happen or what she thinks will happen; she is predicting the future. When we predict a future happening or a future situation, we use will/won't.

•When you return home, you'll notice a lot of changes.

•This time next year I'll be in Japan. Where will you be?

•When will you find out your exam results?

•Tom won't pass his exam. He hasn't done any work for it.

We often use will with these words and expressions:

II Will and shall

You can say 1 will or 1 shall (I'll)

we will or we shall (we'll)

•1 will (or 1 shall) probably go to Europe this summer.

•We will (or we shall) probably go to Europe this summer.

Will is more common than shall. In speech we normally use the short forms I'll and we'll:

• I'll probably go to Europe. Do not use shall with he / she / it / they / you.

• John will help you. (not shall help you)

We use shall (not will) in the questions Shall I ... ? and Shall we ... ? (for offers, suggestions, etc.):

•Shall 1 open the window? ( = Do you want me to open the window?)

•Where shall we go this evening?

For will see also Units 6,8, and 9.

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UNIT 7 Exercises

Decide which form ofthe verb is correct (or more natural) in these sentences. Cross out the one that is wrong.

Example: Tom isn't free on Saturday. He ~ / is working.

1.I will go / am going to a party tomorrow night. Would you like to come too?

2.According to the weather forecast, it will rain / is raining tomorrow.

3.I'm sure Tom will get / is getting the job. He has a lot of experience.

4.I can't meet you this evening. A friend of mine will come / is coming to see me.

5.A: Have you decided where to go for your vacation yet?

B:Yes, we will go / are going to Italy.

6.Don't worry about the dog. It won't hurt / isn't hurting you.

Write questions using do you think ... will •••. Use a verb from the box each time.

•Read each situation and then write a question with shall I? or shall we? In each situation you

are talking to a friend.

Example: It's very ho.t in the room. The window is shut. SI.1.6./t..1. .l/p~tJ..(het..kf!./n.ri(J.W.?.....

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U NIT

8 Will or going to?

II Talking about future actions

We use both will and going to to talk about our future actions, but there is a clear difference. Study this example situation:

Here is another example:

•Tom is cooking when he suddenly discovers that there isn't any salt:

Tom: Ann, we don't have any salt.

Ann: Oh, we don't? I'll get some from the store. (she decides at the time ofspeaking)

Before going out, Ann says to Jim:

Ann: I'm going to get some salt from the store. (she has already decided) Can I get you anything, Jim?

IISaying what will happen (predicting future happenings)

We use both will and going to to say what we think will happen in the future:

•Do you think Laura will get the job?

•Oh no! It's already 4:00. We're going to be late.

We use going to (not will) when there is something in the present situation that shows what will happen in the future (especially the near future). The speaker feels sure about what will happen because oftne situation now (see also Unit 5d):

•Lookat those black clouds. It's going to rain. (the clouds are there now)

•I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. (I feel terrible now)

Do not use will in situations like these.

In other situations, use will (see also Unit 7):

•Sue will probably arrive at about 8 o'clock.

•I think George will like the present you bought for him.

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UNIT 8 Exercises

Put the verb into the correct form, using will or going to.

Examples: A: Why are you turning on the TV?

11.A: What shall we have for dinner?

B:I don't know. I can't make up my mind.

A: Come on, hurry up! Make a decision!

13.John has to go to the airport to catch a plane. He doesn't have a car:

John: Toshi, can you take me to the airport tonight?

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II Study this example:

A:What time will you call me tonight?

B:I'll call you when 1 get home from work.

"I'll call you when I get home from work" is a sentence with two parts: "I'll call you" (the main part) and "when I get home from work" (the when part). The sentence is future (tonight), but you cannot use will or going to in the when part of the sentence. Instead we use a present tense, usually simple present (I do).

•I can't talk to you now. I'll talk to you later when I have more time. (not when I'll have)

•When the rain stops, we'll go out. (not when the rain will stop)

•Can you take care of the children while 1 am out? (not will be)

•Before you leave, you must visit the museum. (not will leave )

•Wait here until 1 come back. (not will come)

IIYou can also use the present perfect (I have done) after when/after/until, etc., to show that the first action will be finished before the second:

•After I've read this book, you can have it.

•Don't say anything while Tom is here. Wait until he has gone.

Be careful not to confuse when and if.

Use when for things that are sure to happen:

• I'm going shopping this afternoon. When I go shopping, I'll buy some food.

Use if (not when) for things that will possibly happen:

•Don't worry if I'm late tonight. (not when I'm late)

•If he doesn't come soon, I'm not going to wait. (not when he doesn't come)

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UNIT 9 Exercises

All the sentences in this exercise are about the future. Put the verbs into the correct form: the future will/won't or the simple present (I do).

II Make one sentence from two sentences.

Example: You are going to leave soon. You must visit the museum before that.

•Fill in when or if.

Example: .-If...... it rains this evening, I won't go out.

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U NIT

10 Will be doing and will have done

II First study this example situation:

Tom is a football fan, and there is a football game on television this evening. The game begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15. Ann wants to go and see Tom this evening and wants to know what time to come over:

Ann: Is it all right if I come over at about 8:30?

Tom: No, don't come then. I'll be watching the game on TV.

Ann: Oh. Well, what about 9:30?

Tom: Yes, that'll be fine. The game will have ended by then.

II We use will be doing (future continuous) to say that we will be in the middle of doing something at a certain time in the future. The football game begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:15. So during this time, for example at 8:30, Tom will be watching the match.

Here are some more examples:

•You'll recognize her when you see her. She'll be wearing a yellow hat.

•This time next week I'll be on vacation. I'll probably be lying on a beautiful beach.

Compare will be doing with the other continuous forms:

Bill works every morning from 9 o'clock until noon. So:

•At 10 o'clock yesterday he was working. (past continuous - see Unit 12)

•It's 10 o'clock now. He is working. (present continuous - see Unit 1)

•At 10 o'clock tomorrow he will be working.

•You can also use will be doing in another way: to talk about things that are already planned or decided:

•I'll be going downtown later. Can I get you anything?

With this meaning will be doing is similar to am doing (see Unit 4a):

• I'm going downtown later.

We often use Will (you) be -ing? to ask about people's plans, especially when we want something or want someone to do something:

•"Will you be using your bicycle this evening?" "No, you can take it."

•"Will you be passing the post office when you go out?" "Yes, why?"

IIWe use will have done (future perfect) to say that something will already have happened before a certain time in the future. Tom's football game ends at 9:15. So after this time,

for example at 9:30, "the game will have ended. Here are some more examples:

•Next year is Ted and Amy's 25th wedding anniversary. They will have been married for 25 years. (Now they have been married for 24 years.)

•We're late. I guess the movie will already have started by the time we get to the theater.

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UNIT 10 Exercises

III Make sentences with will be -ing.

Example: I'm going to watch television from 9 until 10 o'clock this evening.

Write three sentences, one each about the past, present, and future. Bob always reads the newspaper in the morning. It always takes him halfan hour, from 8:00 until 8:30. So:

•Ask questions with Will you be -ing?

3.Sue went to Canada from the U.S. almost three years ago. Next Monday it will be exactly three years since she arrived. Next Monday (she / be / in Canada / exactly three years) .....

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