Добавил:

Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.

Вуз:

Московский государственный университет дизайна и технологии

Предмет:

Английский язык

Файл:

English_Grammar_in_Use

.pdf

Скачиваний:

1337

Добавлен:

17.03.2015

Размер:

11.06 Mб

Скачать

☆

<<< < Предыдущая 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2324 / 2824 25 26 27 28 > Следующая >>>

U NIT

111 By and until By the time. • •

•By (+ a time) = not later than:

•I mailed the letter today, so they should receive it by Monday. (= on or before Monday, on Monday at the latest)

•We'd better hurry. We have to be home by 5 o'clock (= at or before 5 o'clock, at 5 o'clock at the latest)

•Where's Ann? She should be here by now. (= now or before now; so she should have already arrived)

You cannot use until with this meaning:

•Tell me by Friday whether or not you can come to the party. (not Tell me until Friday)

We use until (or till) to say how long a situation continues:

•"Shall we go now?" "No, let's wait until (or till) it stops raining."

•I was tired this morning, so I stayed in bed until half past ten.

Compare until and by in these sentences:

•Sue will be away until Monday. (so she'll come back on Monday)

•Sue will be back by Monday. (= she'll be back on or before Monday, on Monday at the latest)

•I'll be working until 11 o'clock. (so I'll stop working at 11 o'clock)

•I'll have finished my work by 11 o'clock (= I'll finish my work at or before 11 o'clock, at 11 o'clock at the latest)

IIYou can also say by the time (something happens), .... Study these examples carefully:

•It's not worth going shopping now. By the time we get to the stores, they will be closed. (= they will close between now and the time we get there)

•(from a letter) I'm flying to the United States this evening. So by the time you receive this letter, I'll probably be in New York. (= I will arrive in New York between now and the time you receive this letter.)

When you are talking about the past, you can use By the time (something happened), ...

•Tom's car broke down on the way to the party last night. By the time he arrived, most of the guests had left. (= It took him a long time to get to the party and most of the guests left during this time.)

•I had a lot of work to do yesterday evening. By the time I finished, I was very tired. (= It took me a long time to do the work and I became more and more tired during this time.)

•It took them a long time to find a place to park their car. By the time they got to the theater, the play had already started.

You can also use by then or by that time:

•Tom finally arrived at the party at midnight. But by then (or by that time), most of the guests had left.

222

UNIT 111 Exercises

•		Make sentences with by:
Example: I have to be home no later than 5:00.				l.ha.ve.t.a.k./!J.t.hame."Jj..$~(I.t!.~		.
1.	I have to be at the airport no later than 10:30.
		I have to be at the airport				.
2. Let me know no later than Saturday whether you can come to the party.
		Let me know				..
3. Please make sure that you are here no later than 2:00.
		Please				.
4.	If you want to take the exam, you have to register no later than April 3.
		If.				.
5.		If we leave now, we should be in Winnipeg no later than lunchtime.
III		If.				.

	Put in by or until.
Examples: Tom went away. He'll be away .&/11:t/I. ... Monday.
		Sorry, but I've got to go. I have to be home ....by...... 5:00.
1.	I've been offered a job. I haven't decided yet whether to accept it or not. I have to decide
		.............. Thursday.
2.		I think I'll wait	Thursday before making a decision.
3.	A: I hear you're writing a book. Have you finished it yet?
		B: Not quite, but I hope to finish it..		the end ofthis month.
4. A: I'm going out now. I'll be back at 4:30. Will you still be here?
		B: I don't think so. I'll probably have gone		then.
5.		I'm moving into my new apartment next week. I'm staying with a friend				then.
6. A: Do you think I'll still be unemployed this time next year?
		B: No, of course not. I'm sure you'll have found a job			that time.

Read these situations and then complete the sentences using By the time ....

Example: Tom was invited to a party, but he got there much later than he intended .

.ay..the..time.he.g.<J.'&.:t.Q..thl.pirty, most ofthe guests had left.

1.I had to catch a train, but it took me longer than expected to get to the station.

..................................................................................................... , my train had left.

2.I saw two men who looked as if they were trying to steal a car. So I called the police. But it was some time before the police arrived .

................................................................................... , the two men had disappeared.

3.A man escaped from prison last night. It was a long time before the guards discovered what had happened.

...................................................................... ,the escaped prisoner was miles away.

4.I intended to go to the movies after finishing my work. But I finished my work much later than expected.

,it was too late to go to the movies.

223

\'1'\ ""'e.. 'oQ,c.~

<iiY O~alitA

~~~-~dJ

TfJr.JJ-v(~'fJJ}

U NIT

112 In/at/on (position) (1)

•	In Study these examples:	t:j
	C	t:j	OOOXOOOO
	in a room / in a building	in the water	in a row / in a line
	in a garden / in a park	in the ocean
	in a town / in a country	in a river

•There's no one in the room / in the building / in the store.

•The children are playing in the garden / in the park.

•When we were in Italy, we spent a few days in Venice. (not at Venice)

•Robert lives in a small village in the mountains.

•She keeps her money in her bag / in her purse.

•What do you have in your hand / in your mouth?

•Look at that girl swimming in the water / in the ocean / in the river!

•When I go to the movies, I prefer to sit in the front row.

•Have you read this article in the newspaper?

Note that we say:

(sit) in an armchair (b ut on a chair)
in a photograph / in a picture / in a mirror	in the sky

• Who is the woman in that photograph? (not on that photograph)

• It was a beautiful day. There wasn't a cloud in the sky.

• Don't sit in that armchair. It's broken.

II In (the) front of In (the) back of

•The car is in front of the truck. (but not in the truck!)

•The truck is in back of (= behind) the car. (but not in the car!)

•The woman is in the front ofthe car. (in the car)

•The man is in the back (of the car). (in the car)

We say in the front/ in the back of a car, room, theater, group of people, etc.:

• I was sitting in the back of the car when we crashed.

• Let's sit in the front (ofthe theater).

• John was s~anding in the back ofthe crowd.

but: on the front/back of a pIece of paper, photograph, envelope, etc.: Write your name on the back of this piece of paper.

in the. ~ron+

224

Study these examples:
~h~USstup		:--"" atthe top (ofthe page)	X),\
at the door		Iy ~ at the bottom (of the page)	at ~
at the window			of the street
_	Who is that man standing at the bus stop / at the door / at the window?
_	Turn left at the traffic light.
_	If you leave the hotel, please leave your key at the front desk.
_	Write your name at the top / at the bottom of the page.
_	Jack's house is the white one at the end of the street.

Study these examples:

	~en.tie~
_	Don't sit on the floor / on the ground / on the grass!
_	There's a butterfly on the wall / on the ceiling / on your nose.
_	Have you seen the notice on the bulletin board?
_	The book you are looking for is on the top shelf / on the table.
_	There's a report of the soccer game on page 7 of the newspaper.
_	Don't sit on that chair. It's broken. (but sit in an armchair)

Note that we say:

on the left! on the right (or on the left- / right-hand side)

on the ground floor / on the first floor / on the second floor, etc.

_	In Britain people drive on the left. (or . .. on the left-hand side)
_	Our apartment is on the second floor of the building.
We use on with small islands:
_	Tom spent his vacation on a small island off the coast of Scotland.

We also say that a place is on the coast / on a river / on a road:

~.CANADA

v~Vanc.ou.ver

~._~~~.-

Vancouver is on the west coast of Canada. Montreal is on the St. Lawrence River. London is on the river Thames.

	We say that a place is on the way to another place:
	_	We stopped for lunch in a pretty village on the way to Rome .
•	In/at/on the corner We say "in the corner of a room," but "at the corner (or on the corner)
	of a street": _	The television is in the corner of the room.
	_	There is a telephone booth at/on the corner of the street.

225

UNIT 112 Exercises

Answer questions about the pictures. Use in, at, or on with the words in parentheses ( ... ).

'i1@ ?~

1.	Where's the label? (bottle)	the bottle.
2.	Where's the man standing? (gate)			..
3.	Where's Tom sitting? (armchair)			.
	Where's the picture? (wall)			.
4.	Where's Ann standing? (top / stairs)			.
	And where's the cat? (bottom / stairs)			.
5.	What's George doing? (looking / mirror)		He's	.
6.	Tom lives in this building. Where's his apartment? (third floor)			.
7.	Where are the children? (back / car)			.
8.	Tom is at the movies. Where's he sitting? (back)			.
9.	Where's the post office? (left)		And the bank? (right)	..
10.	Where's the notice? (door)			.
11.	Where is the woman standing? (corner)			.
12.	Where is the man standing? (corner)			..

226

Complete these sentences. Each time use in, at, or on with one ofthe phrases from the box.

the front row	P>lew York	the west coast
the third floor	the back of the class	the Swiss Alps
my way to work	the back of the envelope	the window
the right	the front page of the newspaper

1.	The headquarters ofthe United Nations is jn.New..Yar:k			.
2.	In most countries people drive		.
3.	I usually buy a newspaper		.in the morning.
4.	Last year we had a great skiing vacation		.
5.	San Francisco is	ofthe United States.
6.	She spends all day sitting		and watching what is happening outside.
7.	I have to walk up a lot of stairs every day. My apartment is				, and
	there is no elevator.
8.	I read about the accident. There was a story			.
9.	We went to the theater last night. We had seats			.
10.	I couldn't hear the teacher very well. She had a soft voice, and I was sitting				.
11.	When you send a letter, it is a good idea to write your name and address				.

Complete these sentences with in, at, or on.

Examples: Turn left ...at...... the traffic light.


	You'll find the cups .. .on ..... the top shelf.
1.	I'll meet you		the corner (ofthe street) at 10:00.
2.	We got stuck in a traffic jam				the way to the airport.
3.	There was an accident..				the intersection this morning.
4.	Look at those beautiful horses				that field!
5.	I can't find Tom		this photograph. Is he			it?
6.	.	the end of the road there is a path leading to the river.
7.	I wouldn't like an office job. I couldn't spend the whole day sitting						a desk.
8.	Do you take sugar		your coffee?
9.	Ann's brother lives			a small town		the coast of Maine.
10.	You'll find the sports results				the back page ofthe newspaper.
11.	Sue and Dave got married				Denver four years ago.
12.	Paris is	the river Seine.
13.	Mr. Black's office is			the fifth floor. When you get off the elevator, it's the third
	door	your left.
14.	We normally use the front entrance to the building, but there's another entrance
15.	............ the back.
	If you want to get away from modern life, you should go and live						a small island
	in the middle of the ocean.
16.	The man the police are looking for has a scar					his right cheek.

17.I wasn't sure whether I had come to the right apartment because there was no name

............. the door.

227

U NIT

113 In/at/on (position) (2)

•	We say that someone is at an event. For example: "at a party / at a concert / at a conference /
	at the movies / at a football game":
		• Were there many people at the party / at the meeting?
II		• I saw Jack at the football game / at the concert on Saturday.
II	We say:
		at an airport	at sea	in bed
	at work	at an airport	at sea	in bed	on a farm
	at a station	at the seashore		in prison/jail	in the hospital

•I'll be at work until 5:30.

•Can you meet me at the airport?

You can say be home / stay home with or without at:

•Have you ever worked on a farm?

•Tom's father is in the hospital.

•We'll be out during the day but we'll be (at) home all evening.

•I didn't go out last night. I stayed (at) home.

•You can be in or at college/school. Use at college or at school when you are thinking of

the college/school as a place or when you give the name of a college/school:

•Dan will be in college / in school for two more years.

•Tom is away at college right now, but he'll be home for the summer.

•She's majoring in economics at Los Angeles City College.

IIYou can often use in or at with buildings. You can stay in a hotel or at a hotel; you can eat in a restaurant or at a restaurant. We usually say at when we say where an event takes place (for example: a concert, a movie, a meeting, a sports event, etc.):

•We went to a concert at the Arts Center.

•The meeting took place at the company's main office.

•"Where were you last night?" "At the theater."

We say at someone's house:

• I was at Tom's house last night. (or I was at Tom's last night.) We use in when we are thinking about the building itself:

•The rooms in Tom's house are very small.

•I enjoyed the movie, but it was very cold in the theater.

IIWe usually say in with towns and villages:

•Tom's parents live in St. Louis. (not "at St. Louis")

But you can use at when the town or village is a point on a journey:

•Do you know if this train stops at Smithtown?

•We stopped at a pretty town on the way to Los Angeles.

•We say arrive IN a country or town:

•When did he arrive in Japan / in Tokyo?

We say arrive AT with other places (buildings, etc.) or events:

• What time did he arrive at school/at work / at the hotel/at the party? We say arrive home (without a preposition):

• When did he arrive home?

228

UNIT 113 Exercises

Complete these sentences. Use in, at, or on with one of the words or phrases from the box.

	bed	sea	the National Theatre	a farm		the hospital
	school	prison	the airport	the movie theater		tR8 8teltig,Q

1.	My train arrives at 11:30. Can you meet me			.at.:che..s.t.ati.on	?
2.	I didn't feel very well when I woke up, so I stayed					.
3.	My favorite movie, Gone With the Wind, is playing					downtown.
4.	Many people are		for crimes that they did not commit.
5.	I like the country and the fresh air. I think I'd like to work					.
6.	Did you get along well with your teachers when you were					?
7.	We went to see a play			when we were in London.
8.	Linda was injured in a car accident a few days ago. She is still					.
9.	It was a very long voyage. We were			for ten weeks.
10.	Our flight was delayed. We had to wait				for four hours.

11IIComplete these sentences with in or at.

Example: Were there many people					a.t:,	the concert?
1.		I didn't see you		the party on Saturday. Where were you?
2.		It was a very slow train. It stopped				every little station.
3.		He speaks French quite well. He studied				Paris for a year.
4.		Tom's sick. He wasn't		work today. He was			home	bed.
5.		The exhibition		the art gallery finished on Saturday.
6.		There will be a public meeting			the Town Hall next week, to discuss the plan to
		build a new highway.
7.		I haven't seen Ken for some time. I last saw him					Dave's wedding.
8.		Paul is a student		Central Community College.
9.		Don't call tomorrow evening. I won't be				home. I'll be		Ann's.
10.		It's always too hot		Linda's house. She has the heat on too high.
11.		Jane is an anthropology student..			college.

	Complete these sentences with a preposition, if a preposition is necessary.
Example: What time did you arrive ... a.t...... the station?
1.		After many years away, he arrived back				Italy a month ago.
2.		The train from Rome arrives			platform 4.
3.		What time do you expect to arrive				Mexico City?
4.		What time do you expect to arrive				the hotel?
5.		What time do you usually arrive				home in the evening?
6.		What time do you usually arrive				work in the morning?
7.		We arrived	the town with nowhere to stay.
8.		When we arrived		the theater, there was a long line outside.
9.		It's a strange feeling when you first arrive				a foreign country.
10.		I arrived	home feeling very tired.

229

U NIT

114 To, been to, into

By car/in my car

•	To We say go/come/travel (etc.) to a place or event. For example:
	go to Brazil	come to the U.S.	return to Italy


	fly to Tokyo	walk to work	drive to the airport
	go to the bank	go to a party	go to a concert
	be sent to prison	be taken to the hospital	go to bed

We say get to (but arrive in/at - (see Unit 113f):
_ What time did you get to Montreal/work / the party?
We say go home / come home / get home, etc. (with no preposition):
_ I'm tired. Let's go home.	_ What time did you get home last night?

II Been to I have been to (a place) = I have visited a place; I went there, but now I have

come back (see also Unit 13d):
_	Have you ever been to Japan?	_ I've been to Buenos Aires twice.
_	Ann has never been to a football game in her life.
_	Jack has plenty of money. He has just been to the bank.

•Into "Go into / come into," etc. = enter (a room / building, etc.):

_	I opened the door and went into the room.	INTO
_	Don't wait outside! Come into the house.	INTO
_	Don't wait outside! Come into the house.
_	The man the police were chasing ran into a store.
_	A bird flew into the room through the window.

II By car / in my car

We use by ... to say how we travel:

by car

by train

by plane

by boat/ship

by bus

by bicycle

also:

by rail

by air

by sea

by subway

"How did you go to Paris?"

"By plane."

Sue usually goes to work by bicycle / by car / by bus / by train.

But we say "on foot":

Did you come here by car or on foot?

But you cannot use by if you say "my car / the train / a taxi," etc. We say "in my car" (not by

my car), "on the train" (not by the train).

We use in for cars and taxis:

in my car

in Tom's car in the car

in a car

in a taxi

We say get in(to) / get out of a car or taxi:

He got into the car and drove off. (or He got in the car ... )

We use on for bicycles and public transportation (buses, trains, etc.):

on my bicycle

on the bus

on the 6:45 train

on a big ship

We say get on / get off a bicycle, bus, or train:

Quick! Get on the train. It's ready to leave.

230

UNIT 114 Exercises

Complete these sentences with in, to, into, on, or by. If no preposition is necessary, leave the sentence as it is.

Examples: When are you going			t/)	Argentina?
	Tom usually goes		ttJ.	work ....bY. ..... car.
1.	I'm tired. I'm going		bed.
2.	What time are you going			home?
3.	I decided not to go		car. I went		my bike instead.
4.	We went	a very good party last night. We didn't get				home until 3 a.m.
5.	I saw Jane this morning. She was			a bus that passed me.
6.	Sorry I'm late. I missed the bus, so I had to come				foot.
7.	The quickest way to get around New York is				subway.
8.	I have to go	the bank today to change some money.
9.	I had lost my key, but I managed to climb				· the house through a window.
10.	Marcel has just returned			France after two years in Canada.
11.	I didn't feel like walking, so I came home				a taxi.

Use been to. Write questions asking someone if they have been to these places.

	Ii		.	?
Example: (Australia) .t7.8.ve...		y.au..been..tll..Atl.str.alta. .•...........................................
1.	(Africa) Have	4.	(Moscow)	..
2.	(Japan)	5.	(Canada)	.
3.	(Rome)	6.	(Puerto Rico)	.

Now choose four of these places and say whether you have been to them. Answer in the way

shown.

Example: (Australia) :I.~v.e..been.t;(J..I!.(.-I~.trlJ.lia..Qnc.e/.t."'(;ce.jma.n'l.times,.e.tc::.

	qr ..1.~v.e..n.e.lI.eY."..b.e.eJ!'1..t(J..AI.(.s.tr.a.lI.a		.
7. I've	..	9	.
8	.	10.

Write sentences using get int%ut of/on/off.

Example: You were walking home. A friend passed you in his car. He saw you, stopped, and offered you a lift. He opened the door. What did you do? .~.:J.~t..i.l')tQ..th~.~~.r....

1.	You were waiting for your bus. At last your bus arrived. The doors opened. What did
	you do then?	I got	.
2.	You drove home in your car. You arrived at your house and parked the car. What did
	you do then?	I	.
3.	You were traveling by train to Vancouver. When the train arrived at Vancouver, what
	did you do?		.
4.	You needed a taxi. After a few minutes a taxi stopped for you. You opened the door.
	What did you do then?		.
5.	You were riding your bike. There was a big hill, and you didn't have the energy to pedal
	up it. What did you do?		and pushed it up the hill.

231

<<< < Предыдущая 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 2324 / 2824 25 26 27 28 > Следующая >>>

Соседние файлы в предмете Английский язык

#
17.03.201511.06 Mб1337English_Grammar_in_Use.pdf
#
17.03.201516.41 Кб17New words 1.docx
#
06.03.201627.14 Кб38Text 1 Company Organisation стр 6-7.doc
#
06.03.201615.95 Кб13Text 1, 2, 3 стр 26.docx
#
17.03.201529.69 Кб12Uncle Sam.docx
#
17.03.201512.19 Кб10Words_01_02.docx