VLE 0 Motivation und general informations
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Optics and optical technologies
General information and motivation
1 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
Institute of Photonic Technologies
LPT
Head of the Institute:
Prof. Dr. Ing. Michael Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies
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Research at LPT |
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Ultra short pulse technologies |
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Additive manufacturing |
Founded 2008 |
Source: maps.google.com |
Simulation |
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Sensor, control and real time systems |
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www.lpt.uni-erlangen.de |
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Photonic medical technologies |
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2 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
„battle ships“ in the ancient word
source: Wikipedia
The image shows how Archimedes burns the roman ships with parabolic mirrors.
Only a story?
It is possible.
„After 10 minutes, after the clouds lifted, the dummy started burning, and faster than we could see it with our eyes. “
David Wallace (MIT).
source: www.geo.de
Critic:
-Usage of 127 squares with silver coating (each 900 cm²),
-Distance of 30 m too small
-Movement of the ship (took 10 min to burn)
-2. trial at a old fisher boat not successful
-Usage of silver (in the ancient world bronze was used)
3 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
Another trial 2009 at the MIT
Function principle:
80 students from MIT participated.
The flame is generated but the wind extincts the flame.
source: MIT
Archimedes parabolic mirror
source: Wikipedia
source: Wikipedia
4 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
Another try at myth busters
Repetition of the experiment
300 bronze or silver mirrors with a size of
30 x 30 cm² (total 27 m²)
Ship has a distance of 30 m from the mirror array
Result: flame after a few minutes
But:
Not moving ship
Small flame
Humidity erases the flame
5 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
Milestones of optic 1
2600 years ago „extra mission theory“
Eye emits infinite fast seeing rays Representative: Ptolemäus, Euklid, … 300 BC.: Law of reflection from Euklid 150 AD.: Refraction from Ptolemäos
source: www.lgw.wn.bw.schule.de
1618: Mathematical description of Snell's Law from Wellebrord van Roijen Snell
source: TU München |
source: TU München |
source: TU München |
source: Wikipedia
Euklid 300 v. Chr |
Claudius Ptolemäos |
Willebrord van Roijen Snell |
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Ca. 100 -170 n. Chr |
1580 - 1626 n. Chr. |
6 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
Milestones of optic 2
Around 1650: Discovery of the wave nature of light, start of the wave optics and postulation of the ether from Huygens, Grimaldi (diffraction, interference, polarization…).
source: Wikipedia
1675: Isaac Newton described light as particles similar to atoms with different sizes (colours), moving through the ether.
1676: Olaf Römer measures the finite speed of light which was claimed from Galilei, Huygens and Newton with help of the moons of Jupiter. He measures 212 000 km/s.
source: www.uni-bonn.de
Grimaldi, Francesco
1616 - 1663
Huygens, Christiaan
1629-1695
Newton, Isaac
1642 - 1727
Römer, Olaf |
source: TU München |
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1644 - 1710 |
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7 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
Milestones of optic 3
1864: Maxwell combines electrical and magnetic fields and identifies light as wave in vacuum.
source: www.geocities.com
Maxwell, James Clerk 1831-1879
Michelson, Albert
1852-1931
MünchenTU
source: Einstein, Albert 1879-1955
1881: Falsification of the ether theory and affirmation of Maxwell by
Albert Michelson
source: Wikipedia
1905: Albert Einstein postulates the photon and explains with it the photo electric effect. Hence light has also particle nature.
source: Wikipedia
8 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
Milestones of optic 4:
1916: Albert Einstein explains spontaneous emission and postulates stimulated emission as reverse affect of absorption
sorce: Wikipedia |
source: UC Berkeley |
1954: C.H.Townes builds the first MASER
(Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation)
Townes, C.H. *1915
(left: 1968, right: 2007)
1960 T.H.Maiman builds the first LASER
Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of
Radiation Maiman, T.H. 1927-2007
source: www.photonics.usask.ca
Source: www.laserfest.org
9 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany
Content of the lecture
Geometrical optics
Optical elements part A
Wave optics
Polarization
Optical elements part B
10 Prof. M. Schmidt
Institute of Photonic Technologies, Univ. Erlangen, Germany