2. Внутренне осознанную необходимость (переводится, как надо, нужно, необходимо, должен):
I must do it today, I can’t leave it till tomorrow.
Я должен сделать это сегодня, я не могу отложить это на завтра.
3. настоятельный совет или приглашение (переводится, как обязательно должен, обязательно нужно):
You must see this performance. It’s very interesting.
Вы обязательно должны посмотреть этот спектакль. Он очень интересный.
4. вероятность, предположение (переводится, как должно быть):
She must be at home.
Она, должно быть, дома.
В ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ MUST ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ:
1. нежелание выполнять действие (переводится, как обязательно ли):
Must I type the letters today?
Обязательно ли набирать письма сегодня?
В ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ MUST ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ:
1.
категорический запрет совершить действие
(переводится, как нельзя,
запрещается):
You mustn’t walk on the grass.
Запрещается ходить по газону.
Отрицательную форму модального глагола MUST – MUSTN’T необходимо отличать от отрицательной формы модального глагола NEED (нужно) – NEEDN’T. Если mustn’t означает «нельзя, запрещено», то needn’t означает «нет необходимости». Сравните:
You
needn’t
feed
the
dog.
I’ll
do
it.
Тебе не нужно кормить собаку. Я сделаю это сама.
Visitors mustn’t feed the animals.
Посетителям запрещается кормить животных.
V. EXERCISES
1. Point out the predicate. Translate the sentences.
1. A lot of wine is produced in France. 2. Lots of tulips are grown in Holland. 3. This room is cleaned every day. 4. English is not spoken here. 5. What is tiramisu made from? 6. What is it made of? 7. Many newspapers and magazines are published every day. 8. I am never invited to parties. 9. Oil is exported from Saudi Arabia. 10. The “Lord of Rings” is based on the books written by John Tolkien. 11. This furniture is made of wood. 12. A lot of bananas are exported from Ecuador. 13. What things are exported from your country? 14. My shoes are made of leather. 15. The Great Pyramids of Egypt are visited by millions of people each year.
2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.
Example: Houses are built very quickly now. – Are houses built very quickly now? Houses are not built very quickly now.
1. Apples are grown everywhere. 2. Olive oil and wine are made in Greece. 3. Bananas are exported to many countries. 4. The room is cleaned every day. 5. I am often invited to parties. 6. Butter is made from milk. 7. Oranges are imported into Britain. 8. English is spoken all over the world. 9. Stamps are sold in a post office. 10. Greece is located in southeastern Europe. 11. A lot of rice is eaten in India. 12. Coca-Cola is produced in the USA. 13. Champagne is made in France. 14. Dinner is cooked every day. 15. He is paid a lot of money for the job.
3. Open the brackets to put the verbs into Passive Voice. Make true sentences.
1. Ferrari cars (make) in Italy. 2. Space shuttles (launch) from Florida. 3. Parmesan cheese (produce) in Italy. 4. Berlin (locate) in Spain. 5. Natural gas (export) from Russia. 6. Penguins (find) in Africa. 7. Honey (make) by bees. 8. Volkswagen cars (make) in Great Britain. 9. Snails (eat) in France. 10. Bananas (import) to Russia. 11. Coffee (grow) in Brazil. 12. English (speak) in many countries. 13. Elephants (find) in the Antarctic. 14. Soup (eat) with a knife. 15. The word “french” (write) with a small “f”.