Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation-17

3254

Administrator privilege, computer, 2750 Admittance, 360

Aerosol, 229

Aeroswage SX-1 tubing tool, 590 AGA Report #11, 1729

AGA Report #3, 1644, 1651 AGA Report #7, 1670 AGA Report #9, 1697

Air dryer, 700

Air gap, network, 2736 Air-to-close valve, 2132 Air-to-open valve, 2132 Alarm, annunciator, 526 Alarm, process, 2390 Algorithm, 2276 Algorithm, control, 540 Aliasing, 998

Alkaline, 286 Alkaline, strong, 287 Alkaline, weak, 287

Allen-Bradley ControlLogix 5000 PLC, 773 Allen-Bradley Data Highway (DH) network, 1060 Allen-Bradley GuardLogix DCSRT safety

instruction, 2686 Allen-Bradley GuardLogix PLC, 2686

Allen-Bradley MicroLogix 1000 PLC, 857 Allen-Bradley PLC-5, 770

Allen-Bradley SLC 500 PLC, 771, 880 Alpha particle radiation, 1501

Altek model 334A loop calibrator, 908 Alternating current, 355

Alternating motor control, 835 American alpha value, RTD, 1523

American Gas Association, 1644, 1651, 1670, 1697, 1729

Ametek model 1500 induction relay, 682 Ammeter, clamp-on, 341

Ammonia slip, NOx control, 1853 Amp-turn, 340

Amp`ere, Andr´e, 299 Ampere, 299

Amplifier, instrumentation, 1008 amu, 262

Analog input, single-ended, 1015 Analog system, 37, 924, 1024, 2356

Analog-to-digital converter, 786, 979, 993

INDEX

Analyzer, 1306 Anderson, Norman A., 3 Andrew, William G, 3

Angle of repose, 1476, 2076 Anion, 228, 1755

Annubar, 1630, 1741 Annunciator, 526 Anode, 1755

ANPT pipe threads, 572

ANSI codes for power systems, 1996 ANSI pressure classes for flanges, 567

ANSI/IEEE standard 754-1985 for floating-point numbers, 985, 1128

Antenna, half-wave, 491, 1210 Antenna, quarter-wave, 492, 1210 Antenna, whip, 492, 1210 Antenna, Yagi, 493, 1210 Anti-aliasing filter, 1000 Anti-resonance resistor, 431 Anti-virus, computer, 2750

API, degrees, 180

Application blacklisting, computer, 2750 Application whitelisting, computer, 2750 Arbitration, channel, 1042

Arc blast, 371, 731

Arc chute, circuit breaker, 1933 Arc flash, 636, 731

Archimedes’ Principle, 191, 1457 Area, defined, 57

Armature, 341

ARP, 1076, 1085, 1086 As-found calibration, 1264 As-left calibration, 1264

Asbestos valve stem packing, 2108 ASCII, 991

ASCII Modbus frames, 1113

ASCO model NH90 “Hydramotor” linear actuator/positioner, 937

ASCO solenoid valve, 710 Ashcroft temperature switch, 685

Assignment, computer programming, 2393 Asynchronous data transfer, 1028, 1034 Atmospheres, 188

Atom, 228

Atomic clock, 1286, 1289 Atomic mass, 228, 230, 237

INDEX

Atomic mass units, 262

Atomic number, 228, 230, 236

Atomic weight, 228, 230, 237

Aufbau order, 247

Auto-tuning PID controller, 2460

Automatic mode, 500, 2387

Autotransformer, 472

Autotransformer, boost, 472

Autotransformer, buck, 473

Auxiliary contact, 741, 796

Averaging Pitot tube, 1629

Avogadro’s number, 262

B.I.F. Universal Venturi tube, 1633

B/W Controls model 1500 induction relay, 682 Babbage, Charles, 1180

Back-calculation variable, FOUNDATION Fieldbus function block programming, 1166, 1172, 2574, 2577

Background substances, 1814 Backpressure, nozzle, 923

Backup (remote), protective relay, 2050 BACnet, 2368

Ba e, 923

Bailey Infi90 distributed control system, 2380 Bailey Net90 distributed control system, 2380 Balance beam scale, 925

Ball valve, 693, 2096

Ball valve, characterized, 2097 Ball valve, segmented, 2097 Balling, degrees, 181

Balmer series, 255 Bang-bang control, 2279 Bar, 188

Bara, 188

Barg, 188

Bark, degrees, 181

Barkhausen criterion (loop oscillation), 2443, 2447

Barometer, 1316

Barrier circuit, intrinsic safety, 2611 Base, 286

Base unit, 72 Base, strong, 287 Base, weak, 287

basisk Siemens PLC exploit, 2751

3255

Bastard voltage, 456 Bathtub curve, 2639 Baud rate, 1033

Baudot code, 990, 1027, 1029 Baum´e, degrees, 180 Bazovsky, Igor, 2618, 2623 Beam splitter, 1837, 1840 Beer-Lambert Law, 1814 Bel, 1212

Bell 202 FSK standard, 1099 Bell 202 standard, 1031

Belleville washer spring, 1941, 2105 Bellingham Technical College, 3207 Bellows, 926, 1318

Bellows packing seal, 2109 Belt, 117

Bench set, control valve, 2141 Bend radius, optical fiber, 643

Bently-Nevada model 1701 FieldMonitor vibration monitor, 1894

Bently-Nevada model 3300 vibration monitor, 1892

Bently-Nevada vibration monitoring equipment, 1888

BER (bit error rate), 1228 Beresford, Dillon, 2751 Bernoulli’s equation, 208, 1594 Bernoulli, Daniel, 208

Beta particle radiation, 1501

Beta ratio of flow element, 1613, 1650 Bethlehem flow tube, 1633

Bevel gear, 111 Bi-metal strip, 1515

Biddle Versa-Cal loop calibrator, 913 Binary numeration, 980

Biological oxygen demand, 2276 Bit, 779, 980

Bit error rate, 1228 Bit rate, 1032 Black, Harold, 944 Blackbody, 1574

Blackbody calibrator, 1299 Blacklist, 2740

Blacklisting, application, 2750

Bleed port adapter test accessory, 1371 Bleed valve fitting, 1369

3256

Bleeding pneumatic relay, 939 BLEVE, 161

Blind, pipe, 569

Blocking, protective relay, 2023, 2044, 2052, 2054 Blowdown pressure, safety valve, 2663, 2670 Bluetooth, 2745

Blu body, 1675 BMS, 842, 2692

BNC style connector, 630, 1893 BNU, Fieldbus, 1163

BOD, 2276 Bode plot, 416

Body, valve, 2083

Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE), 161

Boiling point of water, 1295

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR), 2703 Bolted fault, 370

Bonneville Power Administration, 1914 Boolean variable, 2393

Booster relay, 2174

Boosting autotransformer, 472 Bourdon tube, 575, 1318, 1320 Boyle’s Law, 198

bps, 1032

Branch tee fitting, 586

Branching, computer programming, 2395 Brazosport College, 1625

Brick, Fieldbus coupler, 1147 Bridge circuit, 327

British Thermal Unit, 125 Brix, degrees, 181 Broadcast address, IP, 1082 Brush, DC motor, 2241

Brute force attack, password, 2749 BSPP pipe threads, 574

BSPT pipe threads, 573 BTU, 125

Bubble tube, 1428

Bubble-tight valve shut-o , 2112 Bucket, motor control, 740 Bucking autotransformer, 473 Bu er solution, 1306, 1769, 1785

Bulk modulus, 1471, 1473, 1491, 1648, 1693, 1694 Bulkhead, tube, 585

Buoyancy, 191, 1457

INDEX

Buoyant test of density, 192

Burden, instrument transformer, 1977 Burgess, George, 2762

Burn-in period, 2639, 2646

Burner Management System (BMS), 842, 2692 Burnout, thermocouple, 1564

Burst mode, HART, 1107 Bus duct, 611

Bus, electrical power, 1902 Bus, power system, 1921 Busway, 611

Butterfly valve, 693, 2096 BWR, 2703

Byte, 981

Cable pulling, 606 Cable tray, 608 Cache, ARP, 1085

Cage-guided globe valve, 2090

Cageless displacer level instrument, 1456 Calculus, Fundamental Theorem of, 26 Calibration, 1255, 1306

Calibration gas, 264, 1266, 1308, 1839, 1849, 1863

Calibration management software, 1268 Calibration, dry versus wet, 1457 Calibration, pH instrument, 1785 Calibrator, loop, 908

Callendar-van Dusen formula, 1522 calorie, 125

Calorie, dietary, 125 Cam, 2154

CAN network, 1046

CANDU nuclear reactor, 2713 Cap, tube, 587

Capacitance, 346 Capacitive level switch, 681

Capacitively-coupled voltage transformer (CCVT), 1952

Capacitor, 346

Capacitor-start AC induction motor, 726 Capacity tank, 1271, 2332

Capillary tube, 1376, 1379, 1653 Captive flow, 2517, 2579 Captive variable, 2517

Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), 1046

INDEX

Cascade control strategy, 2387, 2506 Cassier’s Magazine, 31, 516 Cathode, 1755

Cation, 228, 1755 Caustic, 286 Caustic, strong, 287 Caustic, weak, 287

Cavitation corrosion, 2219, 2233 Cavitation, control valve, 2217

CCVT, capacitively-coupled voltage transformer, 1952

Cell constant, conductivity sensor, 1759 Celsius, 123, 1295

CEMS, 1857 Centigrade, 1295 Centrifugal force, 1716 Centrifuge, 2714 Centripetal force, 1716 cgs, 72

Chain, 120

Chain reaction, nuclear, 2713 Channel arbitration, 1042

Channel, FOUNDATION Fieldbus AI block parameter, 1198

Characteristic impedance, 476 Characteristic, control valve, 2194 Characterized ball valve, 2097 Characterizing process dynamics, 2412, 2446 Charging current, power line, 2016 Charles’s Law, 198

Chart recorder, 514, 2460 Chemical seal, 1376

Chemical versus nuclear reaction, 265 Chemiluminescence, 1851

Chemistry, 226

Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, 2427 Choked flow, 2224

Chopper valve, 2687

Chord, ultrasonic flowmeter, 1696 Chromatogram, 1791 Chromatograph, dual-column, 1805 Chromatography, 1788

CIP, 575, 1375

Cippoletti weir, 1657, 2068 Circuit breaker, 1926 Circuit, electric, 299

3257

Circular chart recorder, 514, 517 Cistern manometer, 1314 Clamp-on ammeter, 341 Clamp-on milliammeter, 900

Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeter, 1698 Class I filled system, 1517

Class II filled system, 162, 1519 Class III filled system, 1518 Class V filled system, 1517 Class, hazardous area, 2603 Classified location, 2602 Clean-In-Place, 575, 1375 Client, 2743

Clutch mechanism, electric valve actuator, 2127 Coherent light, 1838

Cold junction compensation, 1544

Cold junction, thermocouple, 1535, 1544 Collision, 1046

Collision domain, Ethernet, 1066 Colloid, 229

Column, chromatograph, 1788 Combination electrode, 1772 Combustion, 273

Common logarithm, 1212 Common-mode rejection, 1349 Common-mode voltage, 622, 1005, 1056 Communicator, HART, 1097 Commutating diode, 763, 2496 Commutator, DC motor, 2241

Compel Data (CD) token, Fieldbus, 1161 Compensating leg, 1435

Compensating probe, capacitive level instrument, 1500

Complex number, 371, 377 Complex plane, 375

Composition probe, capacitive level instrument, 1500

Compositional chemical formula, 235, 270 Compound, 228

Compressed air dryer, 2648 Compressibility, 198 Compression fitting, 1353 Compression terminal, 599

Compression terminal “crimping” tool, 601 Computer, mainframe, 991

Concentration cell, 1767

3258

Condensate boot, 1455 Conductance, 318 Conduction, heat, 1514 Conduction, heat transfer, 128 Conductivity cell, 1757 Conductivity sensor, 1757 Conductor, electrical, 298

Confidence, of scientific data, 1179 Confined space, 1860 Conical-entrance orifice plate, 1621 Connector, tube, 585

Conservation of Electric Charge, 205, 316 Conservation of electric Charge, 323 Conservation of Energy, 73, 75, 89, 99, 172, 208,

226, 248, 278, 317, 319, 452, 1222, 1548, 1592, 2213, 2255, 2419, 2534

Conservation of Mass, 73, 205, 226, 265, 322, 1592, 1712, 2419, 2534

Constant of proportionality, 1597 Constraint, hard versus soft, 2588

Contactor, 465, 730, 764, 768, 769, 796, 812, 832, 1930

Continental Code, 1026

Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS), 1857

Control algorithm, 2276 Control characters, 991 Control valve, 2083

Control valve noise, 2183, 2190, 2192, 2226 Controlled rectifier, 2245

Controller, 499

Controller action, direct vs. reverse, 508, 2282, 2589

Controller gain, 2283 Convection, 1514

Convection, heat transfer, 130 Conventional flow, 666 Converter, 499

Coolants, 138

Cooling tower, evaporative, 168 Cooling tower, forced-draft, 169 Cooling tower, induced-draft, 169 Coordination, protective relay, 2007 Coplanar DP sensor, 1336

Coriolis force, 1717

Coriolis mass flowmeter, 1718

INDEX

Corner taps (orifice plate), 1623 Coulomb, 293, 299

Count value, ADC, 979, 994

Counter instruction, PLC programming, 824 Counter, Geiger, 1504

Counterpropagation ultrasonic flowmeter, 1694 Coupling device, Fieldbus, 2384

Coupling device, fieldbus, 1147 Covalent substance, 282

cps, 1295

Crest, weir, 1658 Crimp terminal, 599 Crimping tool, 601 Critical damping, 430 Critical flow, 2224

Critical flow nozzle, 2225 Critical pressure, 153

Critical speed, rotating machine, 2719 Critical temperature, 153, 1396

Crosby pressure safety relief valve, 2671 Cross product, 93, 304, 1717 Cross-torquing, 568

Crossover cable, 1068 Cryogenic, 1395, 2108

CS Fieldbus function block, 2577 CSMA, 1046

CSMA/BA channel arbitration, 1046 CSMA/CA, 1047

CSMA/CD channel arbitration, 1046, 1063 CT, 738, 1904, 1953

Current, 298, 299

Current sinking, 304, 780, 783 Current sourcing, 304, 780, 783

Current transformer (CT), 738, 1904, 1921, 1953 Current transformer (CT) safety, 1968

Curved arrow notation, showing DC voltage, 308 Curved manometer, 2064

Custody transfer, 1445, 1601, 1642, 1670, 1703, 1712, 1729

Cycles per second, 1295

Cyclic communication, Fieldbus, 1157, 1161

DAC, 786, 979, 993

Dall flow tube, 1633

Daltons, 262

Damper, 2099

INDEX

Damping, 1269

Damping, anti-resonance resistor, 431 Damping, automobile suspension, 431 Damping, critical, 430

Damping, digital algorithm, 1271 Damping, feedback control loop, 431 Danfoss pressure switch, 673

Daniel four-beam ultrasonic flowmeter, 1696 DAQ, 520, 1009

DAQ input, single-ended, 1015 Data acquisition module, 520, 1009

Data Communications Equipment, 1053, 1065 Data diode, 2746

Data Historian, 2743

Data Terminal Equipment, 1053, 1065 dB, 484, 1212, 1222

dBm, 1216, 1224 dBW, 1217, 1224 DC, 355

DC excitation, magnetic flowmeter, 1690 DC injection, AC motor braking, 2254, 2255 DCE, 1053, 1065

DCS, 2378, 2734 DD file, 1095 DDC, 2365 DDL, 1183

de Broglie, Louis, 252 Dead leg, 575

Dead time, 519, 998, 1804, 2446, 2467, 2546

used for dynamic compensation, 2547, 2549

Dead-test unit, 1300

Deadband setting, flow switch, 689 Deadband setting, pressure switch, 673 Deadband setting, temperature switch, 685 Deadband, control valve response, 2210 Deadband, integral, 2298, 2454

Deadband, reset, 2298, 2454 Deadweight tester, 1300 Deadweight tester, pneumatic, 1302 Dean e ect, 204

Decade box, resistance, 1293 Decibel, 484, 1212, 1222 Decimal numeration, 980

3259

Decrement (counter), 824 Decryption, 2730, 2744

Deep Packet Inspection, 2741

Defense-in-depth, 2601, 2712 Degrees API, 180

Degrees Balling, 181 Degrees Bark, 181 Degrees Baum´e, 180 Degrees Brix, 181 Degrees Oleo, 181 Degrees Plato, 181 Degrees Soxhlet, 181 Degrees Twaddell, 180

Delta model DSC-1280 DDC controller, 2368 Demilitarized Zone, 2742

Denial of service attack, 2735 Denial-of-service attack, 2729

Density, influence on hydrostatic level measurement accuracy, 1423

Dependability, 2615, 2616, 2690 Dependability, versus security, 2675 Dependent current source, 888 Derivative control, 2299

Derivative control action, 2303 Derivative notation, calculus, 1738, 1877 Derivative, calculus, 8, 12

Derived unit, 72 Desiccant, 700 desiccant, 2648

Destination host unreachable, error message, 1081

Desuperheater, 2523 Determinism, network, 1158, 1239

Determinism, network communication, 1047 Deviation alarm, 2390

Device Description file, 1095 Device Description Language, 1183

Device Join Key, WirelessHART, 1249 DeviceNet, 1046

Dew point, 701 DHCP, 1078 Diaphragm, 934, 1318

Diaphragm valve, 693, 2084

Diaphragm, isolating, 576, 1328, 1330, 1333, 1375

Dictionary attack, password, 2749

3260

Dielectric constant, 1479

Dielectric constant, influence on radar level measurement accuracy, 1484

Dielectric heating, RF cable, 1218 Dietary Calorie, 125

Di erential, 2299

Di erential capacitance pressure sensor, 1330 Di erential current protection, 2009 Di erential equation, 27, 2435

Di erential measurement mode on an oscilloscope, 1205

Di erential notation, calculus, 1738 Di erential pressure, 186, 1316 Di erential pressure switch, 674 Di erential setting, flow switch, 689 Di erential setting, pressure switch, 673

Di erential setting, temperature switch, 686 Di erential temperature sensing circuit, 334 Di erential voltage protection, 2009 Di erential voltage signal, 622

Di erential voltmeter, 339 Di erential, calculus, 8

Di erentiation, applied to capacitive voltage and current, 406, 407

Di erentiator circuit, 37 Di raction grating, 1816 Digital damping, 1271

Digital multimeter, 520, 1293, 2819 Digital-to-analog converter, 786, 979, 993 Dimensional analysis, 61, 71, 90, 129, 179, 192,

202, 206, 209, 312 DIN rail, “top hat”, 603 DIN rail, G, 603

Diode, commutating, 763, 2496 Diode, in current loop circuit, 901 Dip tube, 1428

Dipole antenna, half-wave, 491, 1210 Direct addressing, 803

Direct current, 355

Direct digital control (DDC), 2365 Direct valve actuator, 2132

Direct valve body, 2132

Direct-acting controller, 508, 2282, 2589 Direct-acting pneumatic relay, 935 Direct-acting transmitter, 539 Direct-acting valve body, 2084

INDEX

Discharge coe cient, 1642

Disconnect, electrical power system, 1926 Discrete, 655, 691, 749, 1284

Discrete control valve, 2083 Disk valve, 693, 2096

Dispersive chemical analyzer, 1816 Displacement, 191

Displacer, 1454

Displacer level instrument, 1453 Displayed chemical formula, 233 Dissociation, 1756

Dissolved oxygen measurement, 635

Distech model EC-RTU-L DDC controller, 2370 Distech model ECP-410 DDC controller, 2369,

2498 Distillation, 133, 1798

Distortion, valve performance, 2200 Distributed control system (DCS), 2378 Distributed denial-of-service attack, 2730 Distribution power line, 1902

Diverting valve, 2092, 2165 Division, hazardous area, 2603 DIX Ethernet, 1063

DMM, 520, 998, 1293, 2819 DMZ, 2742

DNR, 1086

DNS, 1086

Documenting calibrator, 1267 Domain Name Resolver, 1086 Domain Name Server, 1086 Domain Name System, 1086 Domain, frequency, 1884 Domain, time, 1884

Doping optical glass, 638 Doppler e ect, 1691

Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter, 1691 Dot product, 94

Double-helical gear, 107 Double-ported globe valve, 2088

Double-precision floating-point number, 985 DP cell, 955

DP transmitter calibration fitting, 1371 DPDT switch contacts, 752

DPI firewall, 2741 Drag disk, 1632

Drain hole, orifice plate, 1618

INDEX

Drift, 1264

Drift test, analyzer, 1859 Drive, electric motor, 84, 2240 Droop, 2290, 2414

Drop, 1064, 1143

Dropper, computer virus, 2723

Drum instruction, Koyo PLC programming, 843 Drum sequencer, 840

Dry calibration, 1457 Dry contact, 665 Dry leg, 1436

Dry-block temperature calibrator, 1299 Dryer, compressed air, 2648

Dryer, instrument air, 700 Dryseal pipe threads, 572 DSO, 998

DTE, 1053, 1065

Dual-column chromatograph, 1805 Dump solenoid, 2688

Duplex, 1042

Dynamic braking, AC motor, 2254, 2256 Dynamic compensation, 2543, 2547 Dynamic friction, 2208

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, 1078 Dynamic luminescence quenching, 635 Dynode, 1847

EBCDIC, 991

Eccentric disk valve, 2096 Eccentric orifice plate, 1616

Echo Request, ICMP, 1076, 2731, 2741 Eductor, 216

E ective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP), 1224 E ective Radiated Power (ERP), 1224 EIA/TIA-232 serial communication, 1052, 1068,

1076, 1091, 1108, 2746

EIA/TIA-422 serial communication, 1056, 2746 EIA/TIA-485 serial communication, 1056, 1068,

1108, 2746

Einstein, Albert, 73, 250, 1809 EIRP, 1224

EIV, 2687

Ejector, 216 Electric circuit, 299

Electric motor valve actuator, 2126 Electrical conductor, 298

3261

Electrical heat tracing, 1393 Electrical insulator, 298

Electrical interlock, reversing motor starter, 744 Electrodeless conductivity cell, 1763 Electrolysis, 273

Electromagnetic force, 230 Electromagnetic induction, 1679 Electromagnetic wave, 488 Electromagnetism, 340 Electron, 228

Electron capture detector, GC, 1793 Electron flow, 666

Electron orbital, 241, 242 Electron shell, 242

Electron subshell filling order, 247 Electronic manometer, 1304 Element, 228

Elevated voltage signal, 1013 Emergency isolation valve (EIV), 2687

Emergency Shutdown (ESD) system, 2674 Emerson AMS software, 977, 2075, 2160 Emerson DeltaV distributed control system

(DCS), 977, 1185, 2075, 2380

Emerson model 1420 WirelessHART gateway, 1243

Emerson model 375 HART communicator, 1097 Emerson Ovation distributed control system

(DCS), 2380

Emerson Smart Wireless Gateway, 1116, 1243 Emerson THUM WirelessHART adapter, 1241 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 2760

Emission spectroscopy, 253 Emissivity, thermal, 1574 Emittance, thermal, 1574 Emulsion, 229

Encryption, 2730, 2744 Endothermic, 273, 278, 2177

Endress+Hauser magnetic flowmeter, 1687 Energy, 75

Energy balance, 73, 2419, 2534 Energy control procedure, 86

Energy in chemical reactions, 273, 278 Energy loss, flowmeter, 1636, 1746 Energy, in chemical bonds, 248 Energy, kinetic, 88

Energy, potential, 80, 278

3262

Engine, internal combustion, 53 Engineering units, 1198 Enriched uranium, 2713 Enthalpy, 143, 144, 148 Enthalpy of formation, 278 Entropy, 75, 226

Epistemology, 1286 ePiX C++ library, 417

Equal percentage valve characterization, 2202 Equipotential, 317, 326, 617

Equivalent circuits, series and parallel AC, 361 Erosion, 2228

ERP, 1224

Error, controller, 2282, 2295 ESD, 2674

Ethernet, 1030, 1063, 1108, 1114, 1142, 1158, 1160, 1191, 1243, 2363, 2377, 2379, 2504, 2746, 2751

Euler’s relation, 373, 390 Euler, Leonhard, 208, 373

European alpha value, RTD, 1523 Evaporative cooling tower, 168 Examine if closed (XIC), 816 Examine if open (XIO), 816 Exchanger, heat, 130

Excitation source, for bridge circuit, 327 Excitation wires, 4-wire RTD circuit, 1525 Exergy, 75

Exothermic, 273, 278, 2177 Expanded structural formula, 233 Explosion-proof enclosure, 2609 Extended floating-point number, 985

Extension grade thermocouple wire, 1557 External fault, power system protection zone,

2014

External reset, integral control, 2342, 2573 Externally-loaded pressure regulator, 2124

Fabry-Perot interferometry, 634 Fade margin, RF, 1230

Fade, RF, 1229

Fahrenheit, 123 Fail closed, 2134 Fail locked, 2134 Fail open, 2134

Fail-safe mode for a control valve, 2131

INDEX

Fail-safe mode for split-ranged control valves, 2176

Failure rate, λ, 2633

Failures In Time (FIT), 2633 False positive, 2658

False state, PLC programming, 806 Farad, 346

Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction, 362, 683, 725, 1979

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), 1884 Fault tolerance, 2676

FCC – Federal Communications Commission, 1239

Federal Communications Commission, 1239 Feedback control system, 2274, 2525 Feedforward control strategy, 2527 Feedforward with trim, 2532

Ferrule, electrical connection, 593, 599

FF (FOUNDATION Fieldbus), 1135, 2383 FFT algorithm, 1884

Fiber optic cable, 628 Fiducial pulse, radar, 1486

Fieldbus, 507, 626, 976, 1098, 2383 Fieldbus coupling device, 2384 Fieldbus Foundation, 2383

FIFO shift register, 1271, 2556

Fill fluid, 576, 1328, 1330, 1332, 1333, 1339, 1367, 1374, 1517

Fillage, 1414, 1472 Filled bulb, 174, 1517 Filled impulse line, 1385

Filtering, negative (spectroscopy), 1833 Filtering, positive (spectroscopy), 1833 Final Control Element, 499

Fire signals, 989 Fire triangle, 2605

Firewall, computer, 2739 First Law of Motion, 74

First-order di erential equation, 2435 First-order lag, 2435

Fiscal measurement, 1642

Fisher “Level-Trol” displacer instrument, 1455, 1463, 1470

Fisher “Whisper” low-noise trim, 2227 Fisher AC2 analog electronic controller, 2353 Fisher E-body control valve, 3183

INDEX

Fisher E-plug control valve, 2098 Fisher Micro-Flat Cavitation trim, 2218

Fisher model 1098EGR pilot-operated pressure regulator, 2133

Fisher model 2625 volume boosting relay, 2145 Fisher model 3582 valve positioner, 2147 Fisher model 546 I/P transducer, 963, 2114 Fisher model 760 pressure relief valve, 2673 Fisher model 846 I/P transducer, 2114

Fisher model DVC6000 valve positioner, 2148, 2158

Fisher model DVC6200 valve positioner, 2148 Fisher MultiTrol pneumatic controller, 2333 Fisher Provox distributed control system (DCS),

2380

Fisher ROC digital controllers, 2374 Fisher ValveLink software, 2160

Fisher-Rosemount model 846 I/P transducer, 968 Fission chamber, 1505

Fission, nuclear, 2425, 2703, 2713 FIT, 2633

Five-point calibration, 1282 Five-valve manifold, 1366 FIX/Intellution HMI software, 856

Fixed Programming Language (FPL), 789 Fixed-point variable, 983, 988

Flame ionization detector, GC, 1794 Flame photometric detector, GC, 1793 Flame safety system, 842, 2692 Flange taps (orifice plate), 1622 Flange, pipe, 564

Flapper, 923

Flare gas flow measurement, 1702 Flashing, 2213

Flashover, power line insulator, 1946 Flexure, 1262

Float level measurement, 1414 Floating control action, 2295, 2302 Floating voltage signal, 1012 Floating-point number, 984 Floating-point variable, 2393 Flooded displacer, 1466

Flow conditioner, 1638

Flow control (serial data communication), 1040, 1053

Flow integrator, 42

3263

Flow programming, chromatograph, 1804 Flow prover, 1305, 1670

Flow switch, 688 Flow totalizer, 42 Flow tube, 1633

Flow-straightening vanes, 1638 Fluid, 170

Fluidized sand, 1297

Fluke brand multimeters, 2819

Fluke Documenting Process Calibrator (DPC) instruments, 1268

Fluke DPCTrack2 calibration management software, 1268

Fluke model 525A temperature calibrator, 1293 Fluke model 744 calibrator, 1563

Fluke model 744 Documenting Process Calibrator (DPC), 1267

Fluke model 771 clamp-on milliammeter, 900 Fluke model 801 di erential voltmeter, 339 Fluke SV225 stray voltage adapter, 2822 Flume, 1661, 2067

Fluorescence, 635, 1842 Fluorescence quenching, 635 Flywheel, 98

Foam, 229 Follower, 2154

Force balance system, 930, 949, 951, 955, 965, 1343, 2323

Force-balance valve positioner, 2151 Fork terminal, 600

Form-A switch contact, 656, 752 Form-B switch contact, 656, 752 Form-C switch contact, 662, 663, 752 Formula weight, 263, 2520 Fortescue, Charles Legeyt, 458

FOUNDATION Fieldbus, 1098, 1135, 2541 FOUNDATION Fieldbus (FF), 2383 FOUNDATION Fieldbus H1, 1030, 1142 FOUNDATION Fieldbus H2, 1142 FOUNDATION Fieldbus HSE, 1142 Four-wire RTD circuit, 1525

Fourier series, 458, 1881, 2248, 2254 Fourier transform, 1218

Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph, 458, 1881, 2248, 2254, 2262