Lessons In Industrial Instrumentation-17

3264

Foxboro (Invensys) I/A distributed control system (DCS), 2380

Foxboro FOXNET process data network, 2380 Foxboro INTERSPEC process data network,

2380

Foxboro magnetic flowtube, 1689

Foxboro model 13 di erential pressure transmitter, 955

Foxboro model 130 pneumatic controller, 927, 2338

Foxboro model 14 flow totalizer, 43

Foxboro model 43AP pneumatic controller, 2336 Foxboro model 557 pneumatic square root

extractor, 1606

Foxboro model 62H analog electronic controller, 2353

Foxboro model E69 I/P transducer, 958 Foxboro model E69F I/P transducer, 2114 Foxboro model IDP10 di erential pressure

transmitter, 1329, 1347, 1438

Foxboro SPEC 200 analog electronic control system, 2356, 2380, 2391, 2646

Foxboro SPECTRUM distributed control system (DCS), 2380

Fractionation, 133, 1798 Fragment, IP packet, 1074 Frame check sequence, 1040 Fraunhofer lines, 1818 Fraunhofer, Joseph von, 1818 Freezing point of water, 1295 Frequency domain, 1884 Frequency Shift Keying, 1031 Frequency shift keying, 1099 Fresnel zone, 1233

Fribance, Austin E., 2

Friction, static versus dynamic, 2208 FSK, 1031, 1099

Fuel cell oxygen sensor, 1864 Fugitive emissions, 2102, 2668 Fulcrum, 99

Fulcrum, torque tube, 1461

Full Variability Language (FVL), 789 Full-active bridge circuit, 335 Full-duplex, 1042

Full-flow taps (orifice plates), 1623 Fully developed turbulent flow, 203

INDEX

FUN, Fieldbus addressing, 1159 Function block programming, 2361, 2384 Function, inverse, 25, 2059, 2779 Function, piecewise, 2072

Functional diagram, 540 Functions, transfer, 411

Fundamental frequency, 487, 491, 1211, 1881 Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, 26 Fusion splicing, optical fiber, 643

G DIN rail, 603

G, unit of acceleration, 1879

Gain and bias function block, 2539, 2552 Gain margin, 2444

Gain, amplifier, 1212 Gain, controller, 2283 Galilei, Galileo, 74

Galvanic corrosion, valve stem packing, 2108 Galvanic isolation, 738

Galvanometer, 328, 338 Gamma ray radiation, 1501 Gas, 170

Gas centrifuge, 2714

Gas centrifuge cascade, 2716 Gas centrifuge stage, 2716 Gas expansion factor, 1643

Gas Filter Correlation spectroscopy, 1833 Gas Laws, 198

Gas phase e ect, radar level instrument, 1480, 1485

Gas, calibration, 264, 1266, 1308, 1839, 1849, 1863

Gas, span, 1308, 1839, 1849, 1863 Gas, zero, 1839, 1849

Gate valve, 693, 2084 Gate, logic, 749 Gauge line, 579, 1353

Gauge pressure, 186, 1316 Gauge tube, 579, 1353 Gauge, tube fitting, 581 Gay-Lussac’s Law, 198

GE Multilin model 369 protective relay, 739 GE Multilin model 745 protective relay, 2012 GE Series One PLC, 776

Gear ratio, 96 Gear set, 106

INDEX

Gear, bevel, 111

Gear, double-helical, 107 Gear, herringbone, 107 Gear, hypoid, 112

Gear, miter, 111 Gear, planetary, 109

Gear, single-helical, 107 Gear, spur, 106, 2128 Gear, worm, 113, 2128 Geiger counter, 1504 Geiger-Muller tube, 1504

General Electric “Magneblast” circuit breaker, 1932

General Electric model 121AC time-overcurrent protective relay, 1993

Generator, 300

Generator synchronization, 1918 Gentile flow tube, 1633

Gerlach scale, 181

GFC spectroscopy, 1833 Gibbs free energy, 226 Gibbs’ phase rule, 159 Gilbert, 340

Global Positioning System (GPS), 385 Globe valve, 2084

Google, Internet search engine, 1088 GPS satellite system, 385

Graded index optical fiber, 641 Graphic User Interface, 1078 Graphite rupture disk, 2663 Gravitational potential energy, 80

Groth model 1208 pressure/vacuum safety valve, 2667

Ground, 322 Ground fault, 2009

Ground loop, 622, 1017, 1202, 1968 Ground-referenced voltage signal, 1011 Grounding, magnetic flowmeters, 1686 Group, hazardous area, 2604

GUI, 1078

Guide ring, pressure safety relief valve, 2671 Guided wave radar, 483, 1477

Hagen-Poiseuille equation, 207, 1652, 3180 Half-duplex, 1042

Half-life, of a radioactive substance, 1502

3265

Half-wave dipole antenna, 491, 1210 Hall E ect sensor, 1341, 2148

Hand controller, 2544 Hand switch, 661

Hand valve actuator, 2130

Handshaking (serial data communication), 1040, 1053

Handwheel, control valve, 2131 Handwheel, valve, 2115

Hard alarm, 2390 Hard constraint, 2588

Hard determinism, network, 1158 Hard override, 2586

Hardware compensation, thermocouple, 1551 Harmonic frequency, 487, 491, 1211, 1881, 2262,

2824

Harmonic restraint, 87 relay, 2023 Harrier jet airplane, 2424

HART, 1031

HART analog-digital hybrid, 627, 976, 1093, 1273

HART communicator, 1097 HART multidrop mode, 1106 Hazardous location, 2602 Head (fluid), 208

Heat, 1514

Heat exchanger, 130, 2270 Heat of formation, 278 Heat of reaction, 274 Heat pump, 126

Heat tape, 1393 Heat tracing, 1391

Heat transfer by conduction, 128 Heat transfer by convection, 130 Heat transfer by radiation, 127 Heater, overload, 733 Heisenberg, Werner, 252

Helical bourdon tube, 1304, 1319 Hello World

program, 859 Henry, 350 Herringbone gear, 107

Herschel, Clemens, 1633 Hertz, 274, 1295

Hess’s Law, 279 HEU, 2713

3266

Heuristic PID tuning example, 2484 High-limit function, 2569 High-performance butterfly valve, 2096 High-select function, 2567

High-side transistor switch, 667 High-speed pulse test, 2656 High-voltage circuit breaker, 1938 HMI panel, 851, 986

Hold-o distance, radar, 1487 Home position, CNC machine, 663 Honed meter run, 1645

Honeywell Experion PKS distributed control system (DCS), 2380

Honeywell model UDC3000 controller, 2362 Honeywell Radiamatic, 1568

Honeywell TDC2000 distributed control system (DCS), 2379

Hooke’s Law, 91, 2137, 2146, 2161 Hot standby, 2650

Hot terminal, 454 Hot-swappable PLC I/O, 777 Hot-tapping, 1742

Hot-wire anemometer, 1730 HTTP, 1092, 2740 HTTPS, 1092

Huddling chamber, pressure safety valve, 2670 Human-Machine Interface panel, 851, 986 HVAC, 1524, 2099

Hydration, pH electrode, 1774 Hydraulic, 173

Hydraulic lift, 172 Hydraulic load cell, 1498

Hydraulic valve actuator, 2121 Hydrogen ion, 282, 284, 1756 Hydrometer, 193

Hydronium ion, 282, 284, 1756 Hydrostatic pressure, 178 Hydroxyl ion, 282, 284, 1756 Hyperterminal, 1035

Hypoid gear, 112 Hysteresis, 1282, 2451 Hysteresis error, 1262

I.S. system, 2610

I/O, 768, 777

I/O, analog (PLC), 786

INDEX

I/O, discrete (PLC), 779 I/O, hot-swappable, 777 I/O, network (PLC), 788 I/O, remote, 778

I/P transducer, 904, 922, 2114 IANA, 1078

ICANN, 1078, 1086, 2740 Ice cube relay, 753

Ice point, thermocouple, 1545, 1551 ICMP, 1076, 2731, 2741

ICS-Triplex TMR safety control system, 2687 Ideal Gas Law, 197, 1518, 1709, 2787

Ideal PID equation, 2320, 2351, 2398, 2431 Identifier, Fieldbus device, 1160

IEC standard 61131-3 (PLC programming languages), 789

IEC standard 62591 (WirelessHART field instrument communications protocol), 1209, 1235

IEEE codes for power systems, 1996

IEEE standard C57.12.00-2010 for transformers, 2026

IFC spectroscopy, 1833 Ifconfig, utility program, 1087 Imaginary number, 371, 373 Immunity, noise, 1024

Impedance, 360, 392, 406, 407, 411 Impedance, characteristic, 476 Impedance, percentage, 370 Impedance, surge, 476

Impedance, transformer, 370 Impeller-turbine mass flowmeter, 1714 Impulse line, 579, 1353

Impulse tube, 579, 1353, 1367 In situ measurement, 1855 Inches of mercury, 178

Inches of water column, 178 Inclined manometer, 183, 1314 Inclined plane, 104

Increment (counter), 824 Index of refraction, 637 Indicator, 511 Inductance, 350

Induction cup protective relay mechanism, 2045 Induction disk protective relay mechanism, 1993,

2002

INDEX

Induction motor, 724, 2249, 2829 Induction, mutual, 364 Induction, self, 362

Inductor, 350

Inferred variable, 1178, 1311, 1445, 1644, 2060, 2062, 2535, 2552

Information Technology (IT), 2711 Infrared thermocouple, 1569

Inherent valve characteristic, 2194, 2200 Inrush current, 725

Installed valve characteristic, 2194, 2200, 2511 Instantaneous overcurrent protection, 2000 Instrument air systems, 2648

Instrument Protective Function (IPF), 2674 Instrument tray cable (ITC), 1148 Instrument tube bundle, 1391 Instrumentation amplifier, 1008

Insulation, R-value, 129 Insulator, electrical, 298 Integer number, 980 Integer variable, 2393

Integral control action, 2295, 2302 Integral deadband, 2298, 2454 Integral orifice plate, 1626, 1648 Integral windup, 2298, 2389, 2415 Integral windup, limit controls, 2572

Integral windup, override controls, 2588 Integral, calculus, 8, 20

Integrating process, 2416

Integration, applied to RMS waveform value, 357 Integrator, 42

Interacting PID equation, 2321, 2352 Interactive zero and span adjustments, 1258,

1304 INTERBUS-S, 1060

Interface level measurement, 1407

Interference Filter Correlation spectroscopy, 1833 Interlock, reversing motor starter, 744

Internal combustion engine, 53

Internal fault, power system protection zone, 2014

International Morse code, 990

International Practical Temperature Scale (ITS90), 1297, 1542, 1560, 1563

Internet Control Message Protocol, 1076, 2731, 2741

3267

Internet Protocol, 1073 Interoperability, Fieldbus devices, 1183 Interposing, 763

Intrinsic safety, 1345

Intrinsic safety barrier circuit, 2611 Intrinsic standard, 1286, 1289 Intrinsically safe system, 2610 Inverse function, 25, 2059, 2779

Inverse square law of radiation, 1229, 1569, 1571 Inverted classroom, 3194, 3198

Inviscid flow, 201 Ion, 228

Ion-selective membrane, 2078 Ionic substance, 282 Ionization, 1756

Ionization chamber for detecting nuclear radiation, 1504

IP, 1073

Ipconfig, utility program, 1086 IPF, 2674

IPsec, 2744 iptables, 2740 IPv4, 1075 IPv6, 1084 ISA 84, 789

ISA PID equation, 2320, 2398, 2431 ISA100.11a, 1045

ISEL Fieldbus function block, 2577 ISM 2.4 GHz radio band, 1239

Isolating diaphragm, 576, 1328, 1330, 1333, 1375 Isolation, galvanic, 738

Isomer, 228

Isopotential point, pH, 1787 Isothermal terminal block, 598, 1539 Isotope, 228, 2713

Isotopes, 237

Isotropic antenna, 1222 ITC, 1148

ITS-90, 1297, 1542, 1560, 1563 ITT safety valve, 2694

Jabber, 1047

Jabber latch, 1047

Jacket, reactor vessel, 507

Jam packing, valve, 2104

Join Key, WirelessHART, 1249

3268

Josephson junction array voltage standard, 1287 Joule, 293

Joules’ Law, 312 Jumper wire, 2827

K-Tek brand magnetic float level indicator, 1419 Kallen, Howard P., 2

KCL, 322, 2008 Kelvin, 123

Kelvin resistance measurement, 1525, 1760 Kermit, 1035

Key rotation, 2744

Key, cryptographic, 2744 Keyphasor, 1891 Kinematic viscosity, 199 Kinetic energy, 88

Kirchho ’s Current Law, 322, 2008

Kirchho ’s Voltage Law, 320, 414 Knife-edge bearing, 1461 Knockout drum, 1455

Koyo CLICK PLC, 774, 805, 857 Koyo DL06 PLC, 775

KVL, 320, 414

L2F optical flowmeter, 1699

L Type, FOUNDATION Fieldbus AI block parameter, 1198

Ladder Diagram, 767

Ladder Diagram programming, 759, 804 Lag time, 2438, 2550

Lag time function, 2554 Lambert-Beer Law, 1814 Laminar flow, 204, 207, 3180 Laminar flowmeter, 1652 LAN, computer, 2738 Lantern ring, 2104

Laplace transform, 417, 1218 Lapping valve plugs and seats, 2089 LAS, 1157

Laser, 1838

Laser-two-focus optical flowmeter, 1699 Latent heat, 144

Latent heat of fusion, 145 Latent heat of vaporization, 145

Law of Continuity (fluids), 205, 1593, 1665, 2213

INDEX

Law of Intermediate Metals, thermocouple circuits, 1548

LD, 759, 804

Le Chˆatelier, Henry Louis, 2762

Lead function used for dynamic compensation, 2554

Lead time function, 2554

Lead/lag function, analog circuit, 2557 Lead/lag function, digital implementation, 2565 LED, 1838

LEL, 1865, 2606, 2701 Lenz’s Law, 624, 2002, 2255 LEU, 2713

Level gauge, 1408 Level switch, 675 Lever, 99

Lift pressure, safety valve, 2663, 2670 Limit switch, 663

Limited Variability Language (LVL), 789 Limiting case, 198, 206

Line current, 448 Line of action, 93

Line of Sight (RF), 1233

Line pressure e ect, pressure transmitter, 1349 Line reactor, 2248, 2264

Line voltage, 448

Linear time-invariant (LTI) system, 437 Linear valve characterization, 2202 Linearity error, 1261

Linearization, 2066

Link Active Scheduler, 1157

Link Active Scheduler, FOUNDATION Fieldbus, 2384

Lipt´ak, B´ela, 2, 1432, 1665, 2192, 3178 Liquid, 170

Liquid interface detection with radar, 1482 Liquid valve sizing equation, 2183 Liquid-tight flexible conduit, 607

Live List, Fieldbus, 1161 Live zero, 864, 867, 884, 1257

Live-load packing, valve, 2105 Lo-Loss flow tube, 1633 Load, 300, 2275, 2288

Load cell, 332, 1494 Load cell, hydraulic, 1498

INDEX

Load encroachment blocking, protective relay, 2052

Load line, 2197

Load versus source, 306 Load, process, 2526 Loading pressure, 2124

Lock-out, tag-out, 85, 1365, 1503, 1929, 3203 Lockout auxiliary relay, 2053

Logarithm, common, 1212 Logic gate, 749

Logic solver, 2685

Logix5000 PLC software, Rockwell, 839 LonWorks, 2369

Loop calibrator, 908 Loop diagram, 537 Loop sheet, 537

Loop, computer programming, 2392 Loop-powered transmitter, 311, 893 Loopback address, 1078

LOTO, 85, 1365, 1503, 1929, 3203 Louvre, 2099

Low flow cuto , vortex flow transmitter, 1677 Low-limit function, 2569

Low-select function, 2567 Low-side transistor switch, 667

Lower explosive limit (LEL), 1865, 2606, 2701 Lower range value, 499, 1257, 1274, 1304 LRV, 499, 1257, 1274, 1304

LTI system, 437

Lubricator, valve packing, 2107, 2211 Luft detector, 1826

Lug, electrical connection, 593, 599 Luminiferous ether, 1063

Lusser’s Law, 2623, 2691

LVDT, 1341, 2129, 2150

MAC address, Ethernet, 1064, 1075, 1160 Machine, simple, 99

MacNeil, Blair, 2499 Macrocycle, 1159 Madelung rule, 247 Magnetic flowmeter, 1680 Magnetic remanence, 1981 Magnetic shielding, 623

Magnetostriction, 1420, 1490 Magnetrol liquid level switch, 676

3269

MagTech level gauge, 1410 Make-before-break switch contacts, 1971 Man-in-the-middle, 2743 Man-in-the-middle attack, 2722, 2731 Manchester encoding, 1030

Manifold, pressure transmitter, 1363, 1366 Manipulated variable, 499, 2272 Manipulating algebraic equations, 2777 Manometer, 182, 1303, 1312

Manometer, cistern, 1314 Manometer, inclined, 183, 1314 Manometer, nonlinear, 2064 Manometer, raised well, 1314 Manometer, slack tube, 1304 Manometer, U-tube, 1314 Manometer, well, 1314

Mantissa, floating-point number, 985 Manual loading station, 2544, 2571 Manual mode, 500, 2387

Manual valve actuator, 2130 Mapping, Modbus, 1116 Mark, 1029, 1031

Mask, Allen-Bradley SQO sequencer output instruction, 847

Mask, subnet, 1079

Masoneilan model 21000 control valve, 2085 Mass balance, 73, 2419, 2534

Mass density, 57

Master Terminal Unit (MTU), 978, 2372 Master-slave channel arbitration, 1043 Maximum experimental safe gap (MESG), 2604,

2609

Maximum working pressure, 1352 Maxon safety valve, 2693

Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations, 489 Maxwell, James Clerk, 489

MCC, 735

MCC room, 611, 1928

Mean life (of a component or system), 2639 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF), 2636 Mean Time To Failure (MTTF), 2636 Measurement electrode, 1769

Measurement junction, thermocouple, 1535 Mechanical advantage, 100

Mechanical interlock, reversing motor starter, 744

3270

Median signal select, 2575

Medium-voltage circuit breaker, 1931, 1989 Memory map, 799

MEMS, 1339 Meniscus, 1313

Mercoid pressure switch, 671 Mercury, 1403

Mercury barometer, 1316 Mercury cell, 1561

Mercury tilt switch, 671, 677 Merrick weighfeeder, 1736 Metal fatigue, 1326

Metal rupture disk, 2662 Metallic liquid-tight conduit, 608 Meter run, orifice (honed), 1645 Metering pump, 2266

Metrology, 1286

Mho element, protective relay, 2046 Micro fuel cell oxygen sensor, 1864

Micro Motion Coriolis mass flowmeter, 1723 Micro Motion ELITE model Coriolis mass

flowmeter, 1285 Micromanometer, 184 Micron, 638, 640

MIE, 2606

Mil, 1879

Miller, Richard W., 1642 Milton-Roy metering pump, 2266 Minicom, 1035

Minimum bend radius for optical fiber, 643 Minimum ignition current ratio (MICR), 2604 Minimum Ignition Energy, 2606

Minimum linear flow rate, turbine flowmeter, 1674

Miter gear, 111

Mixing valve, 2092, 2165 Mixture, 229

Mobile phase, 1788 Modal dispersion, 640 Modbus, 788, 1108

Modbus 984 addressing, 1115 Modbus ASCII, 1113 Modbus mapping, 1116 Modbus Plus, 1108

Modbus RTU, 1113, 1244 Modbus TCP, 1092, 1114, 1244

INDEX

Modulus, bulk, 1471, 1473, 1491, 1648, 1693, 1694

Molarity, 263, 1306 Mole, 262

Molecular chemical formula, 233 Molecular substance, 282 Molecular weight, 263

Molecule, 228 Moment arm, 93

Moment balance system, 949 Monochromatic light, 1838 MooN redundancy notation, 2676

Moore Industries model IPT I/P transducer, 2114

Moore Industries model SPA alarm module, 523, 687

Moore Products “Nullmatic” temperature transmitter, 1520

Moore Products model 353 digital controller, 2360, 2363

Moore Products model 65 pneumatic square root extractor, 1606

Moore Syncro analog electronic controller, 2354 Morse code, 990, 1026

Motion balance system, 950, 951, 959, 2325 Motion control system, 2512 Motion-balance valve positioner, 2155 Motional EMF, 1680

Motor Control Center, 735

Motor control center (MCC), 611, 1928 Motor drive, 84, 2240

Motor overload protection, 732 Motor valve actuator, 2126 MOV, 2126

MTBF, 2636

MTL, 2612

MTS M-Series magnetostrictive float level transmitter, 1491

MTTF, 2636 MTU, 978, 2372 Mu metal, 623

Multi-column chromatograph, 1805 Multi-mode optical fiber, 640 Multi-segment characterizer, 2072

Multi-variable transmitter, 1107, 1482, 1647, 1728, 1798

INDEX

Multidrop, HART, 1106

Multilin model 369 protective relay, 739 Multipath ultrasonic flowmeter, 1696 Multiplexer, 1009

Multiplication factor, nuclear fission, 2425 Multiplying relay, 2518

Mutual induction, 364 Mux, 1009

MV, 499 MWP, 1352

NAMUR recommendation NE-43, 2658 NaN, 984

Nassau model 8060 loop calibrator, 913 National Bureau of Standards, 1286 National Electrical Code (NEC), 1148, 2603

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 2603

National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1286

Natural convection, 135, 165 NBS, 1286

NDE, 719

NDIR spectroscopy, 1819 NDUV spectroscopy, 1819 NDVIS spectroscopy, 1819 NE, 718

NEC, 1148, 2603 Needle valve, 1372, 2086

Negative feedback, 37, 928, 942, 1391, 2136, 2347, 2421, 2425, 2429, 2443, 2445, 2447, 2494, 2506

Negative filtering (spectroscopy), 1833 Negative lag, 2424

Negative pressure, 189 Negative self-regulation, 2424 NEMA 7 enclosure, 2609 NEMA 8 enclosure, 2609

Nernst equation, 1767, 1779, 2078 Netstat, utility program, 1092 Network ID, WirelessHART, 1249

Network Manager, WirelessHART, 1238, 1240 Neutral pH, pure water, 284

Neutral terminal, 454 Neutralization, pH, 288 Neutron, 228

3271

Neutron backscatter, 1501 Neutron radiation, 1501 Newton’s Law of Cooling, 2435 Newton, Isaac, 74

Nichols, N.B., 2461 NIST, 1286

NIST traceability, 1288 Nitrogen-phosphorus detector, GC, 1793 Noise floor, 650, 1226–1228, 1231

Noise immunity, 1024

Noise, control valve, 2183, 2190, 2192, 2226 Non-bleeding pneumatic relay, 939 Non-contact radar, 1477

Non-dispersive chemical analyzer, 1819 Non-inertial reference frame, 1716 Non-metallic liquid-tight conduit, 608 Non-Newtonian fluid, 200

Non-retentive instruction, PLC program, 820, 830

Non-Return-to-Zero, 1029 Nonincendive circuit, 2610 Nonlinear manometer, 2064 NooM redundancy notation, 2676

Normal energization state of a solenoid, 718 Normal state of a circuit breaker auxiliary

contact, 1991, 1999

Normal state of a PLC program contact, 761, 790, 806, 810, 816

Normal state of a relay contact, 751, 757 Normal state of a switch, 656, 658, 661, 663, 665,

670, 675, 684, 688

Normal state of a thermal overload switch, 732 Normal state of a valve, 705, 708, 714

Normal state of a vibration switch, 1895 Normal state of an 86 lockout relay, 2054 Normally de-energized (NDE), 719 Normally energized (NE), 718

Not a Number (NaN), 984 NOx emissions, 2078 Nozzle, 923

Nozzle, process vessel, 1411, 1466, 2653 NPN output switch, 667

NPT pipe threads, 572

NRC, Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1505 NRZ, 1029

NSS Labs, 2751

3272

Nuclear fission reactor, 2425, 2703 Nuclear radiation, 1501

Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1505 Nuclear versus chemical reaction, 265 Null modem, 1055, 1068

Null zone, radar, 1487 Numeration systems, 980

NUN, Fieldbus addressing, 1159

Nupro pressure relief valve, miniature, 2665 Nyquist Sampling Theorem, 998

Octal base relay, 753 OFC, 645

O -delay timer, PLC programming, 829 Ohm, 313

Ohm’s Law, 313

Ohm’s Law analogy for turbulent fluids, 2182 Ohm, Georg Simon, 313

Oil bath temperature calibrator, 1297 OJT, 3232

Oleo, degrees, 181

Omega model CL-351A dry-block temperature calibrator, 1299

Omega model OS-36 infrared thermocouples, 1569

On-delay timer, PLC programming, 829 On-o control, 2279

On-the-job training, 3232 OOS mode, Fieldbus, 1198

Open Fiber Control safety system, 645 Open, electrical fault, 324

Open-loop test, 2412, 2413, 2416, 2423, 2428, 2446

Operating coil, protective relay, 2010, 2042 Optical beam splitter, 1837, 1840

Optical fiber cable, 628

Opto 22 Optomux network, 1060 Orbital, electron, 241, 242 Order of magnitude, 944

Order of operations, 2780 Orifice meter run, 1645 Orifice plate, 1613, 2061 Orifice plate, concentric, 1614

Orifice plate, conical entrance, 1621 Orifice plate, eccentric, 1616 Orifice plate, integral, 1626, 1648

INDEX

Orifice plate, quadrant edge, 1620 Orifice plate, segmental, 1617 Orifice plate, square-edged, 1614 Oscilloscope probe, ×10, 2561

Oscilloscope, di erential measurement mode, 1205

OSI Reference Model, 1050, 2740, 2741 Out coil, PLC programming, 820

Out Of Service (OOS) mode, Fieldbus, 1198 OUT Scale, FOUNDATION Fieldbus AI block

parameter, 1198

Output limit, PID controller, 2390 Output tracking, 2388 Over-damping, 430

Over-lean condition, 2605 Over-rich condition, 2605 Overload “heater”, 733 Overload protective device, 732

Overreaching, protective relay, 2031 Override, hard, 2586

Override, hard versus soft, 2588 Override, soft, 2587

Overtone frequency, 1881 Oxygen control, burner, 2078

P&ID, 535

Packet, IP data, 1073 Packing lubricator, 2107, 2211 Packing, bellows seal, 2109 Packing, jam, 2104

Packing, live-loaded, 2105 Packing, valve, 2102 Paperless chart recorder, 517 Parallel damper, 2099 Parallel digital data, 994 Parallel PID equation, 2319 Parallel pipe threads, 574

Parallel versus serial digital data, 1025 Parity bit, 1036

Parshall flume, 2067

Partial stroke valve testing, 2656, 2689 Particle, 228

Parts per billion (ppb), 1856

Parts per million (ppm), 283, 1308, 1849, 1856, 1862, 1866, 1868

Pascal’s principle, 175, 2224

INDEX

Pascal, pressure unit, 171

Pass Token (PT), Fieldbus, 1161 Passivation layer, metals, 268, 2219, 2233 Password lockout, 2735

Password timeout, 2735

Passwords, 2712, 2731, 2749, 2751, 2754 Path loss, RF, 1229

Pauli Exclusion Principle, 241 Payload, computer virus, 2723 PC-ControLab software, 2479 PCOF, 639

Per unit, 871, 885 Percent, 871

Periodic Table of the Elements, 236 Periodic waveform, 1881

Permanent pressure drop, 1746, 2215 Permanent pressure loss, 219 Permittivity, 346

Permittivity, relative, 1479 PFD, 533, 2620, 2644, 2690 pH, 284, 1306

pH neutralization, 288 Phase change, 1295 Phase current, 448 Phase margin, 2444

Phase reference signal, vibration monitoring, 1891

Phase rotation, 441, 458, 467 Phase sequence, 441, 458, 467, 725

Phase shift, process dynamic, 2443, 2447 Phase voltage, 448

Phase-shift oscillator circuit, 2444 Phasometer, 382

Phasor, 375

Phasor diagram, 442 Photoelectric e ect, 1847

Photoionization detector, GC, 1793 Photomultiplier tube, 1846, 1852 Photon, 250

Picko coil, 1668 Pickup coil, 1668

Pickup current, protective relay, 2001 Pickup, protective relay, 1994, 2000 Piecewise function, 2072

Pieruschka, Erich, 2623 Piezometer, 1592

3273

Pigtail siphon, 1397 Pilot burner, 2695 Pilot valve, 932

Pilot, protective relay, 2016 Pilot-loaded pressure regulator, 2124 Pilot-operated control valve, 2122

Pilot-operated valve, for overpressure protection, 2673

Ping, utility program, 1076, 1080 Ping6, utility program, 1084 Pipe elbow flow element, 1635 Pipe flange, 564

Pipe hanger, 1497

Pipe taps (orifice plate), 1623

Piping and Instrument Diagram (P&ID), 535 PIS, 2674

Pitch, thread, 572 Pitot tube, 1629

Planck’s constant, 250, 1809 Planck, Max, 250, 1809 Planetary gear set, 109 Plato, degrees, 181

PLC, 750, 760, 763, 767, 880, 1109, 2734 Plug, tube, 587

Plugging, AC motor, 2254, 2260

PMV model 1500 valve positioner, 2153 Pneumatic, 173

Pneumatic “resistor”, 1653 Pneumatic control system, 503 Pneumatic deadweight tester, 1302

Pneumatic diaphragm valve actuator, 2113 Pneumatic piston valve actuator, 2118 Pneumatic relay, 934

Pneumatic valve actuator, 2113 PNP output switch, 667

Poise, 199

Polar form, complex number, 375 Polarity, 296

Pole, transfer function, 411, 413, 419 Pole-zero plot, 415

Polling, 1043

Polybius, Greek historian, 989 Polynomial expression, 429 Porpoising of process variable, 2478 Port number (OSI layer 4), 1092 Port, control valve trim, 2188