- •Phasor expressions of phase shifts
- •Phasor expressions of impedance
- •Phasor arithmetic
- •Phasors and circuit measurements
- •Transfer function analysis
- •Summary of transfer function analysis
- •Polyphase AC power
- •Symmetrical components
- •Phasor analysis of transformer circuits
- •Transmission lines
- •Shorted transmission lines
- •Properly terminated transmission lines
- •Discontinuities
- •Velocity factor
- •Cable losses
- •Antennas
- •Maxwell and Hertz
- •Antenna size
- •Antenna orientation and directionality
- •Introduction to industrial instrumentation
- •Example: boiler water level control system
- •Example: wastewater disinfection
- •Example: chemical reactor temperature control
- •Other types of instruments
- •Indicators
- •Recorders
- •Process switches and alarms
- •Summary
- •Review of fundamental principles
- •Instrumentation documents
- •Process Flow Diagrams
- •Process and Instrument Diagrams
- •Loop diagrams
- •Functional diagrams
- •Instrument and process equipment symbols
- •Line types
- •Process/Instrument line connections
- •Instrument bubbles
- •Process valve types
- •Valve actuator types
- •Valve failure mode
- •Liquid level measurement devices
- •Process equipment
- •Functional diagram symbols
- •Fluid power diagram symbols
- •Instrument connections
552 |
CHAPTER 7. INSTRUMENTATION DOCUMENTS |
7.5.9Process equipment
Pressure vessels |
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Centrifugal |
Positive-displacement |
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pump |
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pump |
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Dual-stage |
Rotary |
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Single-stage |
reciprocating |
screw |
Motor-driven fan |
reciprocating |
compressor |
compressor |
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compressor |
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M |
Motor-driven |
Turbogenerator |
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Turbocompressor |
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axial compressor |
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G |
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Compressor |
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Turbine |
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Mixer |
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Shell-and-tube |
Jacketed vessel |
Conveyor belt |
heat exchanger |
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M |
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7.5. INSTRUMENT AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS |
553 |
7.5.10Functional diagram symbols
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PID controllers |
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PI controller |
D-PI controller |
PD-I controller |
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D |
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P |
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K |
òò |
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ddt |
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Manual adjust Manual transfer |
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Control valve |
Characterized |
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control valve |
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FCV |
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Manual |
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Control valve |
Indicator |
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function |
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function |
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w/ positioner |
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FCV |
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Transmitter |
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Time delay |
Summer Square root |
Characterizer |
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Analog (variable) signal |
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Discrete (on/off) signal |
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554 |
CHAPTER 7. INSTRUMENTATION DOCUMENTS |
7.5.11Single-line electrical diagram symbols
Fuse |
Fuse |
Circuit breaker |
Circuit breaker |
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(600 V or less) |
(> 600 V) |
(600 V or less) |
(> 600 V) |
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Disconnect |
Overload |
Draw-out |
Draw-out |
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heater |
circuit breaker |
circuit breaker |
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(600 V or less) |
(> 600 V) |
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Lightning |
Contactor |
Generator |
Motor |
arrestor |
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Transformer |
Transformer |
Variable |
Variable |
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(alternate symbol) |
transformer |
transformer |
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SCR |
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VFD |
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Rectifier |
Inverter |
DC motor drive |
AC motor drive |
7.5. INSTRUMENT AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS |
555 |
V A W
Voltmeter Ammeter Wattmeter
cos θ |
var |
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Phase meter |
VAR meter |
Lamp |
kvarh
Hz
Frequency meter
kWh
Kilowatt-hour meter
KiloVAR-hour meter |
Current |
Potential |
Synchronization |
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transformer |
transformer |
meter |
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(CT) |
(PT) |
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