- •Phasor expressions of phase shifts
- •Phasor expressions of impedance
- •Phasor arithmetic
- •Phasors and circuit measurements
- •Transfer function analysis
- •Summary of transfer function analysis
- •Polyphase AC power
- •Symmetrical components
- •Phasor analysis of transformer circuits
- •Transmission lines
- •Shorted transmission lines
- •Properly terminated transmission lines
- •Discontinuities
- •Velocity factor
- •Cable losses
- •Antennas
- •Maxwell and Hertz
- •Antenna size
- •Antenna orientation and directionality
- •Introduction to industrial instrumentation
- •Example: boiler water level control system
- •Example: wastewater disinfection
- •Example: chemical reactor temperature control
- •Other types of instruments
- •Indicators
- •Recorders
- •Process switches and alarms
- •Summary
- •Review of fundamental principles
- •Instrumentation documents
- •Process Flow Diagrams
- •Process and Instrument Diagrams
- •Loop diagrams
- •Functional diagrams
- •Instrument and process equipment symbols
- •Line types
- •Process/Instrument line connections
- •Instrument bubbles
- •Process valve types
- •Valve actuator types
- •Valve failure mode
- •Liquid level measurement devices
- •Process equipment
- •Functional diagram symbols
- •Fluid power diagram symbols
- •Instrument connections
7.5. INSTRUMENT AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS
7.5.5Valve actuator types
Diaphragm |
Electric motor |
Solenoid |
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Electric motor Diaphragm w/ hand jack w/ hand jack
M |
Hand (manual) |
Piston Diaphragm w/ positioner w/ positioner
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547
Piston
Electro-hydraulic
E/H
548 |
CHAPTER 7. INSTRUMENTATION DOCUMENTS |
7.5.6Valve failure mode
Fail open
(or)
FO
Fail locked
(or)
FL
Fail last/drift open
(or)
FL/DO
Fail closed
(or)
FC
Fail indeterminate
Fail last/drift closed
(or)
FL/DC
7.5. INSTRUMENT AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS |
549 |
7.5.7Liquid level measurement devices
Bubbler (dip tube) |
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Capacitive |
Tape-and-float |
LT |
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LT |
LT |
XFI |
Air |
CA |
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(vessel) |
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(vessel) |
(vessel) |
Hydrostatic |
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Hydrostatic (w/ seals) |
Displacer |
(vessel) |
(vessel) |
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(vessel) |
LT |
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LT |
LT |
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Radar (guided) |
Radar (non-contact) |
Ultrasonic |
Laser |
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LT |
LT |
LT |
LT |
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Radar |
Radar |
US |
Laser |
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(vessel) |
(vessel) |
(vessel) |
(vessel) |
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550 |
CHAPTER 7. INSTRUMENTATION DOCUMENTS |
7.5.8Flow measurement devices (flowing left-to-right)
Orifice plate |
Pitot tube |
Averging pitot tubes |
(or)
Flume |
Weir |
Turbine |
Target |
Positive displacement |
Vortex |
Coriolis |
Rotameter
7.5. INSTRUMENT AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT SYMBOLS |
551 |
Ultrasonic |
Magnetic |
Wedge |
V-cone |
M
Flow nozzle |
Venturi |
Generic
FE