STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

HIGHER EDUCATION

"ROSTOV STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY"

MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

И.Е. Абрамова

Ю.А. Гуркина

HISTORY

GUIDE

ON THE COURSE OF THE HISTORY OF RUSSIA

FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS

TEACHING AND METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE

WITH STRUCTURAL-CHRONOLOGICAL SCHEMES

PART I

STATE BUDGET EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

HIGHER EDUCATION

"ROSTOV STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY"

MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

RUSSIAN HISTORY

TEACHING AND METHODOLOGICAL GUIDE

WITH STRUCTURAL-CHRONOLOGICAL SCHEMES

FOR ENGLISH SPEAKING STUDENTS

PART I

Rostov-on-Don

2020

The educational and methodological manual highlights the problems of the development of our state that are relevant for the history of Russia in a historical retrospective, which will help foreign students to adapt in the historical space of Russian society.

The purpose of the manual is to ensure that students master the discipline "History" at a higher theoretical level, to show the organic relationship of Russian and world history with examples from different eras.

In the textbook, the history of Russia is presented in structural and chronological diagrams. It is written in accordance with new educational standards, taking into account the latest materials and facts accumulated by historical science.

Addressed to foreign students of Rostov State Medical University, everyone interested in the problems of the historical development of Russia.

© ФГБОУ ВО РостГМУ, 2020

CONTENT 1. Plans of seminars. Structural-chronological schemes …………………………………………………………… .p.5-58 2. Independent work ……………………………………… .p.59-64 3. Themes of projects ……………………………………………… .p.64 4. Questions to control knowledge ………………………………. .s. 64-65 5. List of recommended literature ………………………… .p.65

WORKSHOP PLANS

MODULE I. Ancient Russia and Muscovy (IX-XVI centuries)

TOPIC I. Ancient Russia (IX-XII centuries)

mid-15th century)

PLAN

1. Formation of the Old Russian state. Norman theory. The formation of an early feudal monarchy:

a) features of the socio-economic development of Ancient Russia

in the 9th - 11th centuries;

b) the political system of Kievan Rus in the 9th - 11th centuries;

2. The adoption of Christianity and its impact on the historical fate of Russia.

PROBLEM OF THE FIRST QUESTION:

1. Norman and Slavic theories of the formation of the ancient Russian state, their modern assessments.

2. The main stages of the formation of the ancient Russian state. The policy of the first princes of the Rurik dynasty.

3. Social differentiation of Kiev society.

4. Formation of an early feudal monarchy.

PROBLEM OF THE SECOND QUESTION:

1. What were the political motives and social preconditions for the adoption of Christianity?

2. The formation of the Orthodox tradition in Russia. Christianity and paganism; double faith.3. Какие религии могли быть приняты Владимиром? Почему принято православие? Какие исторические события способствовали принятию православия?

3. What religions could have been accepted by Vladimir? Why is Orthodoxy accepted? What historical events contributed to the adoption of Orthodoxy?

4. What political, spiritual, cultural influence did the church have on the life of the state?

Structural and chronological schemes

18th century - Bayer, Miller, Schleper (German scientists) invited to the RAS - studied

“The Tale of Bygone Years” (monk Nestor), created the “Norman theory”: the Eastern Slavs are wild people, they could not create their own state, so the Vikings (Normans) did it for them.

critic - M.V. Lomonosov - the Eastern Slavs had all the prerequisites for creation of the state:

-Property inequality has appeared;

-Social inequality has emerged

Now:

-Norman theory explains the origin of the Rurik dynasty in Russian spone,

-The Eastern Slavs had the preconditions for the creation of a state (there were already proto-states of the image;

-The Varangians played an active role in the collection of the Russian lands.

1.

945г. On the way home, Igor led an unexpected schedule: "Thinking, told his squad or a tribute to home, and I will return and put it yet. And let his home let go home, and the squad itself returned with a small part, wanting more wealth. Trees, hearing what goes again. I kept the advice with the prince with my small: if the Wolf Wolf will be happy, it will fall out everything. until it kill him; There this: if you don't kill it, then we will destroy us "[...] and the rall, the second of the city of the eraser, killed Igor and together, because there were few of them. And Igor

912 years - Igor comes to power:

944 years - a campaign against Byzantium and the signing of a new less profitable treaty;

945 years - the uprising of the Drevlyans - they refused to pay tribute to Igor again - invited to a gathering (polyudye) - killed;

Northern Slavs - the center of Novgorod, "The Tale of Bygone Years": the northern tribes decided to unite - they could not choose a leader - they decided to invite from the outside - the Varangian-warlike neighbors, does not belong to any tribe.

862 years RURIK came to Northern Russia (brothers Sineus and Truvor, later transferred as a house and squad) with him came the adopted boy Igor.

- 879 years - OLEG (Prophetic): 882 year march to Kiev and capture (disguised soldiers as merchants. Captured Dir and Askold). United South and North Slavs, capital Kiev; FORMATION OF KIEV RUSSIA.

- 907 n 911 years - campaigns on Constantinople - written agreements - included in the Kievan Rus - Drevlyans, northerners, Ryadimich

Southern Slavs - the center of Kiev, the ruling dynasty of Knya (Shchok and Khoriv and sister Lybed or Polovtsy, or glade); was captured by the Varangians Dir and Askold

EDUCATION OF KIEV RUSSIA

VIII century - the Arabian chronicle - describes three associations: Kuyaba center Kiev;

- Slavia is the center of Novgorod,

- Artannya center Ryazan ????

- IX century - two large formations among the Eastern Slavs:

945 year - the reign of his wife Olga:

- took revenge on the Drevlyans (Prince Mala) for the death of her husband;

- arranged the collection of tribute - established a "guest house" - a place for collecting tribute and (lessons "- the amount of tribute,

- annexed to Kiev - the land of the Tivertsy, the Uliches, and finally the Drevlyans;

the first Orthodox ruler in Kievan Rus;

According to the PVL, this happened in 955 in Constantinople, Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus with the Patriarch (Theophylact) was baptized by Olgulichno: "And she was baptized with the name Helen, like the ancient queen mother of Emperor Constantine 1."

In 1547 Olga was canonized as a saint equal to the apostles

972 year- Yaropolk - eldest son of Svyatoslav - civil strife between brothers - murder of Drevlyan prince Oleg - fight with Vladimir - death of Yaropolk;

980 - Vladimir came to power:

- annexed - vyatichi, lands on both sides of the Carpathians, Chervlensk cities

1015 - 1019 гг. - Святополк; 1019 - 1054 гг. - Ярослав Мудрый

Two armies of Ярослава and Святополка met on the Alt River in 1019. During the battle, Svyatopolk was forced to retreat, but was overtaken by one of the Varangians, who delivered his head to Yaroslav.

-1030 -defeated the Chud and founded the city of Yuryev.

-In 1036 he defeated the Pechenegs and this

freed Russia from their raids. Yaroslav built the Kiev Church of St. Sophia, which he decorated with magnificent frescoes and mosaics. He built new stone walls in Kiev, having arranged in them the famous Golden Gate, and above them - the Church of the Annunciation.

• The first Russian monasteries appeared. In 1030 Ярослава founded the monasteries of St. George.

• The book was translated, the first library appeared. He published the Church ustab and "Russian Truth" - SBOD

laws of ancient Russian feudal law. -In 1028, the first school was created in Novgorod,

• Under Yaroslav Mutrom, coins appeared with the inscription “Yaroslavl silver with the image of Jesus Christ and Saint George the Victorious, patron of Yaroslav. In 1054, the first Russian Metropolitan Illarion stood at the head of the church.

Social development of ancient Russia

POPULATION

FREE

Intermediate position

DEPENDENT

Purchases - borrowed Ryadovichi should pay - from the word "row" - borrowed

had to work

Slaves slaves formed at the expense of prisoners of war, at the expense of fellow tribesmen paid the debt

Boyars - privileged a group of people,

and owners:

Peasants - obshninikn- pay tribute

To the Kiev prince

Paid the debt

Debt unpaid

The political system of Kievan Rus in the 9th - 11th centuries.

Prince

Prince's Council

DVORPOV-patrimonial system management

Courtyard

Patrimony

The voivode led the army of the principality Dvoretsky - HEAD the princely court Court servants - were in charge of certain branches of the economy

Various servants (hyunas)

Viceroy - sprinkled with prince

Volostels did not receive salaries at the expense of feeding

2.

Acceptance of Christianity in Russia by Vladimir in the X century.

Reasons for religious

reforming: - Strengthen the prince's part

- Consolidate the people

The first stage of religious reform is based on mono-religions. Legend "The Tale of Bygone Years" - Vladimir sends an embassy to different countries with the purpose of studying religions:

- Islam (Islam)

- HYDARSM

- Orthodox CHRISTIANITY

- Catholicism

Historical events preceding the adoption of Orthodoxy: -Events in Byzantium - the uprising led by Varda Phoca,

Vasily II turned to Vladimir for help, in return he promised to give his sister to his wife

Anny, march to Korsun (Chersonesos) and taking it;

baptism of Vladimir and his springs, to marry Anna

The stage of religious reform is based on paganism. The most popular are selected from the pagan gods - at the head of the pagan god Perun

BAPTISM OF KIEVLYAN

Returning to Kiev, accompanied by Korsun and Greek priests, Vladimir baptized his sons from previous wives in a source known in Kiev as Khreshchatyk. Many boyars followed them. The mass baptism of the Kievites took place at the confluence of the Pochayna River into the Dnieper. The chronicles read: “The very next day Vladimir went out with the priests of the Tsaritsin and Korsuns to the Dnieper, and there were no number of people. They entered the water and stood there alone up to their necks, others up to their breasts, small children near the shore up to their breasts, some held babies , and already the adults wandered, the priests were making prayers, standing still ... "This most important event has taken place. according to the chronicleroni, in 988 year.

THEME II. Russian territories in the process of feudal fragmentation (XIII-XV centuries)

1. Feudal fragmentation of Russia: the main centers of the chronological framework, prerequisites and consequences (XIII-XV centuries)

2. The struggle of Russia against foreign invaders. Mongol invasion and its consequences. The system of Horde domination. The problem of Horde domination in literature.

3. The struggle of Russia against Western aggression in the XIII century.

PROBLEM OF THE FIRST QUESTION:

1. The reasons for the feudal fragmentation of the Old Russian state?

2. The main centers of feudal fragmentation?

3. Positive and negative consequences of feudal fragmentation.

PROBLEM OF THE SECOND QUESTION:

1. Mongolian state. Establishment of Mongol rule.

2. The reasons for the defeat of the principalities of Russia in the fight against the invaders.

3. How was the power of the Golden Horde exercised over Russia?

PROBLEM OF THE THIRD QUESTION:

1. Causes of Western aggression in the Baltic States?

2. Reflection of expansion from the northwest - the battle on the Neva River and Lake Peipsi.

Structural and chronological schemes

1.

1. Two systems of succession to the throne: ladder (to the eldest in the family) and direct (from father to eldest son) - the struggle between relatives, weakened the princely power;

2. Strengthening the local boyars (development of the patrimonial system of land tenure) - the boyars were the owners of the land, economically they did not depend on the prince, therefore they strove for political separatism;

3. The natural character of the economy. the patrimonials produced everything they needed on their own farm;

4. Parallelism of the control system - the palace-fiefdom control system, everything that was in the center was duplicated on the ground

5. Popular performances were of a local nature.

FEUDAL DISTRIBUTION IS A LEGAL STAGE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FEUDALISM

Reasons for feudal fragmentation:

Negative values:

Civil strife:

Weakening of the country.

Foreign policy dangers to

each county.

Positive values:

Let's pour the economy.

Growth in the number of cities.

The flourishing of culture,

Local political stabilization

MAIN CENTERS OF FEUDAL DISTRIBUTION

Kievan Rus

Novgorod Republic: Main governing body: VECHE; Veche chose:

1. Posadnik - commanded city affairs;

2.Tysyatsky - issues of trade and militia, merchant church, headedcourt:

3 Archbishop - head Boyar Council (prepared projects for Veche), was in charge of the treasury, the seal:

4. The prince was invited from the outside, headed by a friend

Galicia-Volyn principality: Geographer. position: From the Carpathians to Polesie, rivers: Pripyat, Dniester, Bout; handicraft, agriculture, and trade are developing. Polit. development:

-Developing patrimonial land tenure;

-The strong boyars came into conflict with the prince - a constant struggle between them. Ser. XIII century .. Volyn Lithuania, Galich - Poland.

Vladimir Principality of Suzdal: Geographer. position: In the interfluve of the Oka and Volga; agriculture, trade, and handicraft are developing.

Completely

Local land tenure is developing;

-Strong power of the prince

- After death

Vsevoloda Bolshoye

Nest-feudal fragmentation within the principality

2.