Helpful_Hints_for_IELTS

PRACTICE WRITING TEST TWO

Writing Task 1

You are advised to spend a maximum of 20 minutes on this task.

The flowchart below shows the process involved in writing a formal academic essayfor a particular university course.

Describe the stages ofthe process in a reportfor a university lecturer.

You should write at least 150 words.

Practice Test Two

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First Private Tutorial

Topic: discuss task and topic with tutor

ReadingList:obtain list of resources - books, articles

Research

Library: read literature, take notes Fieldwork:givequestionnaires, conduct interviews, surveys

First Draft

Plan: organise essay content, produce brief outline

FirstDraft&Check:useformal written style, check language

Second Private Tutorial OR

Study Group Discussion

Analysis: discuss first draft problem areas

Advice: Ask for further ideas, suqqestions

Second Draft

InputRevision:readresource

material again

SecondDraft&Check:include

suggestions, check quotations

Final Draft

FinalDraft&Check:dofinal

rewrite, spellcheck

+compile bibliography *

+add title page

SUBMIT BY DEADLINE

: bibliography - list of books referred to

Writing Task 2

You are advised to spend a maximum of 40 minutes on this task.

Write an essay for a college tutor on the following topic:

The worldis experiencingadramatic increase inpopulation. This is causing problems not only for poor, undeveloped countries, but also for industrialised and developing nations.

Describe some of the problems that overpopulation causes, and suggest at least one possible solution.

You should write at least 250 words.

You are required to support your ideas with relevant information and examples based on your own knowledge and experience.

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That is the end of Practice Writing Test Two.

Now continue with Practice Speaking Test Two on page 126.

Overall Check.

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Part 2

Practice Test Two

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P a r t 3 (begins after one or two follow-up questions on the talk above)

Thank you. Please give me back the card. People are so interesting.

How do you think people's attitudes to life have changed over the last hundred years or so? How is your behaviour different to your parents' behaviour?

What do you think has caused these changes - why have people changed so much? How is modern life better than in the past?

In what ways was life better in the past?

Describe the main problems that people face living in the modern world. Are there any solutions to these problems?

Do you think the way we live will continue to change in the future? In what way? What do you think will be the greatest influence on young people in the future?

... and what are the greatest dangers that young people will face? Who are the best role models for young people these days? That is the end of the interview. Thank you and goodbye.

That is the end of Practice Speaking Test Two.

Check your answers to Practice Test Two with the Answer Key on page 160.

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Overall Check

What To Do and

What Not To Do

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i PRACTICE READING TEST THREE

Reading Passage 1

Questions 1-5

You should spend about 8 minutes on Questions 1 - 5 .

Refer to Reading Passage 1 "Sugar and Other Sweeteners", and look at Questions 1 - 5 below. Write your answers in boxes 1 - 5 on your Answer Sheet. The first one has been done for you as an example.

Example: What do the letters HFCS stand for?

Q4/Q5 . Name the T W O most recent artificial sweeteners listed in Figure 1.

The sweetness of a substance results from physical contact between that substance and the many thousand taste buds of the tongue. The taste buds are clustered around several hundred small, fleshyprotrusions called taste papilla which provide a large surface area for the taste buds and ensure maximum contact with a substance.

Although there are many millions ofolfactory cells in the nose, taste is a more intense experience than smell; food technologists believe this is because of the strong pleasure relationship between the brain and food. And it is universally acknowledgedthat sweetness is the ultimate pleasurable taste sensation. However, no-one is exactly sure what makes a substance sweet.

Nature is abundant with sweet foodstuffs, the most common naturally occurring substance beingfructose, found in almost all fruits and berries, and being the main component of honey. Of course, once eaten, all foods provide one or more of the three basic food components - protein, fat and carbohydrate - which eventually break down (if and when required) to supplythebody withthe essential sugar glucose.

Nature also supplies us with sucrose, a naturally occurring sugar within the sugar cane plant, which was discovered many centuries BC. Sucrose breaks down into glucose within the body. Nowadays, white sugar is the food industry standard taste for sugarthe benchmark against which all other

sweet tastes are measured.

Inthe U.S.A., foods andespecially softdrinks, are commonly sweetened with High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) derived from corn starch by a process developed in the late 1960s.

In addition to nature's repertoire, man has developed a dozen or so artificial sweetening agents that are considered harmless, nonactive chemicals with the additional property of sweetness (see Figure 1.)

There is, indeed, an innate desire in humans (and some animals) to seek out and enjoy sweet-tasting foods. Since sweet substances provide energy and sustain life they have always been highly prized. All food manufacturers capitalise on this craving for sweetness by flavouring most processed foods with carefully measured amounts of sugar in one form or another. The maximum level of sweetness that can be attained before the intrinsic taste of the original foodstuff is lost or unacceptably diminished is, in each case, determined by trial and error.

Further, the most acceptable level of sweetness for every product - that which

Practice Test Three

produces the optimum amount of pleasure for most people - is surprisingly constant, even across different cultures. This probably goes a long way towards explainingthe almost universal appeal of Coca-Cola. (Although the type of sugar used in soft drinks differs across cultures, the intensity and, therefore, pleasure invoked by such drinks remains fixed within a fairly narrow range of agreement.)

Artificial sweeteners cannot match the luxurious smoothness and mouth-feel ofwhite sugar. Even corn syrup has a slightly lingering after-taste. The reason why food technologists have not yet been able to create a perfect alternative to sucrose (presumably a non kilojoule-producing substitute) is simple. There is no molecular structure yet known that predisposes towards sweetness. In fact, there is no way to know for certain if a substance will taste sweet or even taste of anything at all. Our current range of artificial sweeteners were all discovered to be sweet purely by accident.

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101 Helpful Hints for IELTS

Questions 6-15

You are advised to spend about 12 minutes on Questions 6-15.

The paragraphs below summarise Reading Passage 1 "Sugar and Other Sweeteners". Choose ONE appropriate word from the box below to complete each blank space. Write your answers in boxes 6 -15 on your Answer Sheet. The first one has been done for you as an example.

Note that NO WORD CAN BE USED MORE THAN ONCE.

Sugar tastes sweet because ofthousands ofreceptors on the tongue which connect

(9)to the body, is extracted from the sugar-cane plant, and white sugar (pure

Manufacturers add large amounts of sugar to foodstuffs but never more than the

(13)required to produce the optimum pleasurable taste. Surprisingly, this

amount is (14) for different people and in different cultures. No-one has yet

discovered a way to predict whether a substance will taste sweet, and it was by chance alone that all the man-made (15) sweeteners were found to be sweet.

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