- •How is our body adapted for the physical stresses and wear of human life? Speak about each system of organs.
- •What are the most surprising abilities of the human body?
- •What is the adaptive significance of the four-chambered heart and greater and lesser circulation?
- •How does the human body adapt to the changes in lifestyle and the environment?
- •What medical achievements have most significantly changed human life and health care?
- •What is the function of water in photosynthesis?
- •Can water produce negative effect on the human body?
- •What is dehydration? What negative consequences can it cause?
- •What determines the differences in the daily water consumption of different classes of animals — amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals?
- •Do freshwater and saltwater kinds of fish have any difference in metabolism?
- •Can distilled water be used for drinking?
- •What is a fungus? Why are fungi classified into a separate Kingdom?
- •Are fungi unicellular or multicellular organisms?
- •Are fungi stationary or moving organisms?
- •What is the difference between a fungus and a mushroom? Do all fungi have a fruiting body?
- •Are fungi hetero- or autotrophs?
- •What ecological functions are performed by fungi?
- •What cases of ecological relationship between fungi and other organisms do you know? Give examples of symbiosis, mutualism, parasitism, etc.
- •What is the significance of fungi for humans?
- •What is a bacterium? Why are bacteria classified into a separate Kingdom?
- •What is the difference between eubacteria and archaebacteria?
- •What adaptations have archaebacteria developed to survive in the extreme conditions of their habitat?
- •What processes and mechanisms do bacteria use to obtain energy and nutrients?
- •By what ways can disease-causing bacteria damage the human organism?
- •What domestic animals do you know? What wild animals do they come from?
- •What was the first domesticated animal? Why?
- •How does the process of domestication take place?
- •What purposes were domesticated animals used for?
What domestic animals do you know? What wild animals do they come from?
Sheep, goat, cow, pig, horse, camel, llama and alpaca, donkey.
Sheep originated from wild sheep.
Goats originated from wild goats.
Cows originated from wild aurochs. (тур)
Pigs originated from wild boars. (боров)
Horses originated from wild horses.
Camel originated from wild camel.
Lamas and alpacas originated from wild vicuna. (викунья)
Donkey originated from Nubian ass. (нубийский осел)
What was the first domesticated animal? Why?
The dog was the first domesticated animal and was established across Eurasia before the end of the Late Pleistocene era, well before cultivation and before the domestication of other animals.
Partnership between human and dog was likely originally based on a human need for help with herding and hunting, for an early alarm system, and for a source of food in addition to the companionship many of us today know and love. In return, dogs received companionship, protection, shelter, and a reliable food source.
How does the process of domestication take place?
The cultural process of domestication begins when animals are incorporated into the social structure of a human community and become objects of ownership, inheritance, purchase and exchange.
The morphological changes that occur in domestic animals come second to this integration into human society.
The biological process resembles evolution and begins when a small number of parent animals are separated from the wild species and are habituated to humans.
What purposes were domesticated animals used for?
About the same time people domesticated plants, people in Mesopotamia began to tame animals for meat, milk, and hides. Hides, or the skins of animals, were used for clothing, storage, and to build tent shelters.